在丘陵旱地上研究了豆科绿肥对农作物产量和效益的影响.结果表明:(1)绿肥翻埋与化肥减量配合对玉米增产、增效明显,绿肥翻埋7500～15000 kg/h㎡与70%、85%化肥配施的资源效应最高,比单施化肥增产13.7%～17.3%、提高效益800～1381元/h㎡.(2)在旱地多熟制预留带中间种豆科绿肥对同季小麦有明显的增产效果,对后季玉米也有一定增产作用,以间种扁荚山黧豆最佳,可使小麦增产9.2%、玉米增产6.3%,周年效益提高l 398元/h㎡.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the response of the growth characteristics, reproductive allocation pattern of Elymus nutans to competition density and nutrient addition. The plant height, leaf length, panicle length, tiller number and each organ biomass of E.nutans had competition-density effects under different planting densities. Biomass allocation of each organ were constrained by the density and the reproductive biomass allocation reached the highest of 10.46% under lower density (20 seed·m -2 ). There were significant effects of high nitrogen fertilizer on each organ biomass. Meanwhile, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on reproductive biomass showed the trend of the inverted “V” type. Each growth index of E.nutans was significantly positive ( P E.nutans .

基于盆栽试验,研究海北高寒地区垂穗披碱草( Elymus nutans )生长特性、生殖分配格局对不同种植密度和不同施氮水平处理的响应。结果表明,1)不同种植密度垂穗披碱草的株高、叶长、穗长、分蘖数及各器官生物量均表现出竞争―密度效应;各器官生物量分配规律均受密度效应影响,且生殖生物量分配在中低密度(20粒·m -2 )下达最大值(10.46%)。 2)高氮肥(2 g·m -2 )对垂穗披碱草各器官生物量影响较大,氮肥作用后对垂穗披碱草生殖生物量分配的影响表现先增大后减小的趋势; 3)相关性分析表明,密度、氮肥单因子作用下株高、叶长、穗长、分蘖数及各器官生物量之间均呈极显著( P <0.01)正相关。4)线性回归分析表明,密度、氮肥单因子处理下,各器官的资源分配方面都存在“此消彼长”的权衡关系。

The effect of sowing rate and nitrogen fertilizing rate on productivity of Sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense ‘Xinsu No.2’) were studied in this research. The results showed that when the phosphate fertilizing rate was fixed, the highest plant height obtained at B 1 (sowing rate 22.5 kg·ha -1 ) and N 3 (nitrogen feritilizing rate 550 kg·ha -1 ), the biggest stem diameter and maximum tillers number obtained at B 1 (sowing rate 22.5 kg·ha -1 ), the highest hay yield obtained at B 2 (sowing rate 45 kg·ha -1 ) and N 2 (nitrogen fertilizing rate 415 kg·ha -1 ), the total hay yield respectively reached 19 200.0 and 19 744.5 kg·ha -1 , the highest crude protein yield obtained at B 3 (sowing rate 67.5 kg·ha -1 ) and N 2 (nitrogen fertilizing rate 415 kg·ha -1 ), the total crude protein yield respectively reached 1 607.03 kg·ha -1 and 1 572.00 kg·ha -1 . Taking the hay and crude protein yield into consideration, the best treatment combination was B 3 (sowing rate 67.5 kg·ha -1 ) + N 2 (nitrogen fertilizing rate 415 kg·ha -1 ).

本研究以新苏2号苏丹草( Sorghum sudanense ‘Xinsu No.2’)为研究对象,研究播种量与施氮量对夏播新苏2号苏丹草生产性能的影响。结果表明,当磷肥的施用量一定时,B 1 (播种量为22.5 kg·hm -2 )和N 3 (施氮量为550 kg·hm -2 )处理对株高的增长最有利;B 1 处理对主茎直径的增粗和单株分蘖数的增加最有利;B 2 (播种量为45 kg·hm -2 )和N 2 (施氮量为415 kg·hm -2 )处理对干草产量最有利,总干草产量分别达到19 200.0和19 744.5 kg·hm -2 ;B 3 (播种量为67.5 kg·hm -2 )和N 2 处理的粗蛋白增产效果最佳,总粗蛋白产量分别达到1 607.03和1 572.00 kg·hm -2 。从干草和粗蛋白产量来综合考虑,B 3 (播种量为67.5 kg·hm -2 )+ N 2 (施氮量为415 kg·hm -2 )是提高夏播苏丹草生产性能的最佳处理组合。

Green manure is a universal organic fertilizer. Returning the green manure to farmland has been suggested to improve overall soil conditions and to support the agricultural sustainable development. There are many winter fallow fields in south of China, which can be used to plant green manure crops. Common vetch ( Vicia sativas L.), Chinese trumpet creeper ( Vicia villosa Roth . Var.) and Lathyrus quinquenervius ( Lathyrus palustris L. Var. Pilosus ledeb ) are the three most popular kinds of leguminous green manure crops, which can be planted extensively in poor soil, especially in drought and low temperature regions. This paper studied the characteristics of decomposing and nutrients releasing of the three kinds of green manure crops by using the method of nylon net bag. The results indicated that the three green manure crops were decomposed fast in the first 15 days after incubation, and the rate of decomposition was more than 50%, then decomposed slowly. The decomposition rate of the common vetch(CV), Chinese trumpet creeper(CTC) and Lathyrus quinquenervius (LQ) were 71.7%, 67.3% and 74.1% at the end of the experiment respectively. Nitrogen(N) and potassium(K) released fast during the first 10 days, while carbon(C) and phosphorus (P) released fast in the first 15 days, then they were all released slowly until the end of experiment. After 70 days incubation, the carbon release rate of the CV, CTC and LQ were 71.3%, 67.0% and 74.1%, respectively. The nutrients release rate of the three green manure was K>P>N, while the K release rate of the three green manure was more than 90%, P release rate was 73.3%-78.7%, N release rate was 59.9%-71.2% after 70 days incubation. The N and P release rates of the LQ were higher than CV and CTC; however, there were no significant difference in K release rate among the three green manure crops. The results also showed that the nutrients release amount of CV and CTC were C>K>N>P, while LQ was C>N>K>P. Nutrients release amount of three green manure crops were different, the release amount of N and C of the LQ were greatest, the release amount of P and K of the CV were highest, all the nutrients release amount of the CTC were the lowest.

利用网袋法模拟研究旱地条件下箭筈豌豆（ Vicia sativas L.）、苕子（ Vicia villosa Roth. Var.）、山黧豆（ Lathyrus palustris L. Var. Pilosus ledeb ） 三种绿肥的腐解和养分释放特征。结果表明，三种绿肥均在翻压15 d内腐解较快，腐解率均在50%以上，之后腐解速率逐渐减慢，翻压70 d时，箭筈豌豆、苕子和山黧豆的累积腐解率分别达71.7%、67.3%和74.1%。氮和钾在翻压10 d内释放较快，碳和磷在翻压15 d内释放较快，之后释放速率均减慢。箭筈豌豆、苕子和山黧豆在翻压70 d时的碳累积释放率分别为71.3%、67.0%和74.1%。三种绿肥的养分累积释放率均是K>P>N，在翻压70 d时钾的累积释放率均在90%以上，磷的累积释放率为73.3%～78.7%，氮的累积释放率为59.9%～71.2%，其中山黧豆的氮和磷累积释放率高于箭筈豌豆和苕子，而三种绿肥钾的累积释放率无显著差异。养分释放量结果表明，箭筈豌豆和苕子的养分累积释放量表现为K>N>P，而山黧豆表现为N>K>P，不同绿肥的养分累积释放量不同，山黧豆的氮累积释放量最高，箭筈豌豆的磷和钾累积释放量最高，苕子各养分的累积释放量都最低。

There are many winter fallow fields in south of China, which can be used to plant green manure crops. Returning the green manure to farmland has been practiced for the agricultural sustainable development. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of turning over Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Chinese trumpet creeper (Vicia villosa Roth. Var.) and Lathyrus quinquenervius (Lathyrus palustris l. Var. Pilosus ledeb) on the dynamic of soil physical and chemical properties. The green manure was plowed over in the dry land, then the soil sample was collected periodically. The soil pH, organic carbon, total N, nitrate N, ammonium N, available P, available K were detected. The results showed that compared to control soil, the soil pH in the treatments with green manure in the first 25 days was higher than control soil’s while lower during other days; Organic carbon increased by 1.6%–6.2%; Mineral N was increased significantly; Ammonium N was the dominate form between 0–20 days, but nitrate N became the dominate form between 30–70 days. The available P content was also increased by 11.9%–37.7%. The soil available K was increased 1.5 times with the application of green manure. The influence of these three kinds of green manures was not consistent on the soil, the organic carbon and mineral nitrogen content was highest in the soil treated with lathyrus quinquenervius, while the highest soil available potassium and available phosphorus were observed in the treatment with common vetch. Under this experiment condition, plowing down the three kinds of green manure application on soil could change soil pH, increase soil nitrate N and available K content, slightly increase organic carbon and available P content.

通过模拟试验，研究了旱地翻压箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）、苕子（Vicia villosa Roth. Var.）和山黧豆（Lathyrus palustris l. Var. Pilosus ledeb）三种绿肥对土壤肥力特性的影响。试验结果表明，在绿肥翻压腐解过程中，土壤pH（原始pH值为5.95）均呈现出先升高后降低最后趋于平缓的趋势，在翻压0～25 d内高于不翻压绿肥对照，之后始终低于对照。翻压绿肥处理的土壤有机碳含量均高于对照，增幅为1.6%～6.2%。土壤无机氮含量显著高于对照，无机氮形态0～20 d以铵态氮为主，30～70 d以硝态氮为主，翻压70 d时，硝态氮含量较对照增加了15倍以上。翻压绿肥后土壤速效磷的含量均高于对照，增幅为11.9%～37.7%。翻压绿肥的土壤速效钾含量在翻压15 d时达最高且均比对照增加1.5倍以上。不同绿肥对土壤养分特性的影响不同，山黧豆处理的土壤pH变化幅度最大，土壤有机碳和无机氮含量最高，箭筈豌豆处理的土壤速效钾和速效磷含量最高。本试验条件下，三种绿肥翻压均能够改变土壤pH值，提高土壤硝态氮和速效钾含量，土壤有机碳和速效磷含量略有增加。

In order to establish the management strategies for high grains yields of naked oat (Avena sativa) in Chengdu Plain, three naked oat cultivars Yanxuan 1, Bayou 6 and Baiyan 11 were used as materials to explore the effects of sowing date, sowing rate and fertilizer rate on the grains yields and agronomic characteristics of naked oat. The results showed the indices including number of productive ear, plant height, growing period and grains yield with the treatment sowing on 1st November (B1) were significantly (P 0.05). Maximum yields occurred intermediate rate of sowing (3.60×106 plants·ha-1). The number of productive ear, plant height and grains yield increased with the increase of fertilizer rate (P sowing date>cultivar>sowing rate. Comparing the general score of Principal Components Analysis with the yield of each treatment, the sowing on 1st November was better than sowing on 12th November in oat grains yield. High sowing rate (1.80×106 plant·ha-1, 2.70×106 plant·ha-1 and 3.60×106 plant·ha-1) or high fertilizer rate (600 and 825 kg·ha-1) produced high yield. In general, early sowing (1st November ) with 1.80×106 plant·ha-1 sowing rate and 600 kg·ha-1 fertilizer rate were the best combination for grain yield of naked oat in Chengdu Plain.

为探明适合成都平原地区裸燕麦(Avena sativa)的高产栽培方案，以燕选1号、坝莜6号和白燕11号为材料，采用两种播期、4种播种量和4种施肥量的4因素-随机区组设计，研究不同品种、播期、播种量和施肥量对裸燕麦主要农艺性状及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，播期对裸燕麦有效穗数、株高和产量影响显著（P 0.05），对燕麦产量影响显著（P 播期>品种>播种量。根据各主成分综合得分排名及对比各组合实际产量可以看出，早播组合较晚播组合产量高；播种量在180万株·hm-2（C2）、270万株·hm-2（C3）或者360万株·hm-2（C4）水平时、施肥水平在600 kg·hm-2（D3）或者825 kg·hm-2（D4）时均有较高产量。综合各因素之间的影响可知，成都平原地区种植裸燕麦时，以播期为11月1日，播种量为180万株·hm-2、施肥量为600 kg·hm-2为最佳。

The effects of sowing date and nitrogen application on the height, tillering number, fresh and dry matter yield of oats were studied in alpine region. The results showed that with the prolonging of sowing date, days to maturity was postponed, but the effect of nitrogen fertilizer was not significant; sowing date and nitrogen application had significant effects on height, tillering number and fresh and dry matter yield, and increased with the increasing nitrogen application rate. It was suitable to sow in late April to early May and harvest at flowering stage for higher grass yield under 100 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application rate.

以燕麦（Avena sativa）永久444为材料，研究播期与氮肥对高寒牧区燕麦生育期、株高、分蘖数及其青干草产量的影响。结果表明：随播期的推迟，燕麦种子成熟期推迟，而施氮量对燕麦生育期无明显影响；播期和氮肥对燕麦株高、分蘖数及草产量皆有显著影响，均随施氮量增加而增加。以开花期收获青干草为目的，则4月下旬-5月上旬播种且施氮量为100 kg/hm2时，可获燕麦高产。