辽宁省主要野生观赏草资源及评价

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刘英, 刘林琳, 范文宇, 李丽, 蒋芳芳, 贾志伟, 白龙. 辽宁省主要野生观赏草资源及评价. 草业科学, 2016,33(10):1989-2003
Liu Ying, Liu Lin-lin, Fan Wen-yu, Li Li, Jiang Fang-fang, Jia Zhi-wei, Bai Long. Main resources of ornamental grass and its evaluation in Liaoning Province. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10): 1989-2003 复制到剪切板

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《草业科学》编辑部

辽宁省主要野生观赏草资源及评价

刘英, 刘林琳, 范文宇, 李丽, 蒋芳芳, 贾志伟, 白龙

沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁沈阳 110161

白龙(1969-),男(蒙古族),内蒙古通辽人,教授,博士,主要从事草坪资源与利用方向研究。E-mail:[email protected]

第一作者:刘英(1978-),女,四川资中人,讲师,博士,主要从事草坪资源与利用方向研究。E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2016-02-26

基金: 辽宁省草地植物资源专项调查(2015LC001-5)国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD17B04)农业部环境保护科研监测所省部级重点实验室2015年度开放基金课题

摘要

为了了解辽宁省野生观赏植物资源现状,于2010―2014年间进行了野外实地调查,并采用灰色关联度分析法对其观赏价值进行综合评价,初步筛选出观赏价值高的观赏草草种,为进一步开发利用提供理论基础。结果表明,本次调查的观赏植物分布于10科49属的103种,其中以禾本科(占56.7%)、莎草科(占16.3%)和鸢尾科(占12.5%)为主;这些资源生态适应性广,原生境以山坡草地、疏林灌丛为主(52.9%);有58.7%的观赏草具有耐旱性,部分耐盐碱;中等型株高的观赏草占50.0%,高大型的占22.0%,低矮型和微型的较少;51.0%的观赏草叶片以绿色为主,少数种会呈现异色或变色。不仅物种数量、生境变化及性状表现方面均表现出很高的多样性。参评的103种观赏草中有37种与理想种的关联度在0.7以上,都具有较高的观赏性和适应性。综合评价结果表明,紫芒( Miscanthus purpurascens)、大针茅( Stipa grandis)、野古草( Arundinella hirta)、无芒雀麦( Bromus inermis)、大狗尾草( Setaria faberii)、矮紫苞鸢尾( Iris ruthenica var. nana)、长白鸢尾( I. mandshurica)、粗根鸢尾( I. tigridia)、单花鸢尾( I. uniflora)、射干( I. dichotoma)、细叶鸢尾( I. tenuifolia)11种观赏草的综合评价比较高(0.8以上),可直接在园林绿化美化中应用。

关键词: 辽宁省; 观赏草资源; 灰色关联度分析法; 观赏性状评价

中图分类号:S812.8 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2016)10-1989-15 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0668

Main resources of ornamental grass and its evaluation in Liaoning Province

Liu Ying, Liu Lin-lin, Fan Wen-yu, Li Li, Jiang Fang-fang, Jia Zhi-wei, Bai Long

Horticultural college of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China

Corresponding author: Bai Long E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Wide ornamental grass resources in Liaoning Province were investigated during 2010-2014, and the ornamental value was evaluated by grey-correlation analysis to screen the excellent germplasm resources. The results showed that there were 103 ornamental-grass species in total, belonging to 49 genera and 10 families, mainly in Gramineae, Iridaceae, Cyperaceae. They accounted for 56.7%, 16.3% and 12.5%, respectively. These ornamental grasses are widespread in Liaoning Province, especially in hillside area and prairie shrubland, where they accounted for 52.9%; 58.7% have drought tolerance, 50.0% belong to medium-size, 22.0% belong to good-size, 51.0% have green leaf. The ornamental value of 103 ornamental grass resources was evaluated by grey-correlation analysis based on the full investigation and research of ornamental grass resources in Liaoning Province, and with the characters of ornamental value, height, color of leaf and inflorescence. The number, habitats and ornamental characteristics of ornamental grasses had high level of diversity. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the correlation degree with ideal species of 37 in the 103 ornamental grasses was higher than 0.7; Miscanthus purpurascens, Stipa grandis, Arundinella hirta, Bromus inermis, Setaria faberii, Iris ruthenica var. nana, I. mandshurica, I. tigridia, I. uniflora, I. dichotoma, I. tenuifolia had better ornamental effects and their correlation degree with ideal species were higher than 0.8, they can be used for landscaping directly.

Keyword: Liaoning Province; ornamental grass resources; grey-correlation analysis; ornamental characteristics evaluation

Show Figures

观赏草(ornamental grass)是以茎秆、叶丛为主要观赏部位的草本植物, 主要包括禾本科、莎草科和灯芯草科等^{[1, 2]}。常见观赏草叶呈线形或线状披针形, 具平行脉, 单株分蘖密集、呈丛状, 根为须根, 具有形态多姿多样、实用性广、管护成本低等特点^[3]。此外, 观赏草还具有改良土壤、防止水土流失、蓄水保水、增加供氧量等显著的生态效果, 而且观赏草的适应性广, 能适应不同热量、水肥、地形等条件, 观赏草具有较强的抗旱性、抗寒性等抗逆性, 绝大多数具有很强的抗病虫害的能力^[4]。但随着应用范围的逐渐扩大和品种数量的不断增加, 观赏草也面临着成本高、繁殖速度慢、适应性差和环境入侵风险加大等问题。这使得我国观赏草的研究热点已由国外品种的引进与筛选转为本土观赏草资源的开发利用。

在国外, 从20世纪80年代起, 美国和澳大利亚就开始对有开发价值的观赏草品种进行搜集, 随后德国、英国、爱尔兰、波兰等国也开始大力搜集各种高大禾草品种资源, 开始着手这项研究。在我国, 近几年随着园林生态和环保水平的日益提升, 观赏草引起了更多园艺工作者和学者的重视, 人们越来越重视这种有着低养护、低消耗、观赏价值优良和自然野趣浓烈的新型景观材料的开发和研究。目前, 国内相关专家已分别对重庆^[5]、滇中^[6]、南京^[7]、四川^[8]、山东^[9]、江苏^[10]、杭州^[11]、陕西^[12]、大庆^[13]、北京^{[14, 15]}、鲁东南滨海^[16]等地区的野生观赏草资源进行了调查, 对这些文献资料进行统计, 共有野生观赏草172种, 分属于12科76属, 其中主要有禾本科(108种)、莎草科(34种)、灯心草科(9种)、香蒲科(6种)、天南星科(4种)、花蔺科(2种)、百合科(2种)、鸢尾科(2种), 其它的如列当科、藜科、龙舌兰科、木贼科等均有1种。由此可见, 我国蕴藏着丰富的野生观赏草种质资源, 对本土观赏草资源的开发利用也是很有必要的。

辽宁省地处温带大陆性季风气候区, 在地形地貌上, 东部山脉、中部平原和西北部丘陵的三元结构构筑了辽宁省独特的自然景观, 同时辽宁省又是长白山植物区系、华北植物区系和内蒙植物区系的交汇处, 东部属于长白山植物区系, 中南部属于华北植物区系, 西北部属于内蒙古植物区系^[17], 这种特殊的地理环境具有丰富的种质资源。据《辽宁省植物志》记载, 辽宁省共有高等植物56科389属的1 025种、105变种、14变型^[18]。刘英和方兴^[19]对辽宁省几种野生观赏草资源初步研究后发现, 野生观赏草不仅适应性强、还具很高的观赏利用价值。为了进一步深入开展野生观赏草种质资源的开发、选育及应用工作, 对辽宁省野生资源的分布特征、数量变化等的详细了解是十分必要。灰色关联分析法(Grey-correlation analysis)在农作物新品种评价中应用非常广泛^{[20, 21, 22, 23]}, 且该方法主要对参试品种的主要性状进行综合描述和量化评估, 能够较全面地评价品种的优劣。近年来, 灰色系统理论在观赏草研究领域也有所应用^{[24, 25, 26, 12]}。因此, 在对辽宁省主要观赏草资源的观赏价值、生长势和抗性评价进行分析的基础上, 采用灰色关联度分析法对其观赏价值进行综合评价, 以期筛选出观赏价值高的观赏草草种, 为东北寒冷气候条件下观赏草的进一步开发利用提供基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

董厚德^[17]于2010―2014年对辽宁省的野生观赏草资源进行实地调查, 共采集标本205份, 记录野生观赏草的种类、观赏部位、观赏时期, 并压制标本后经过专家鉴定确定种名。本研究在此基础上并参照其他研究者^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 27]}的方法对具有潜在开发利用价值的物种收集种子或挖掘根系后, 在沈阳农业大学百草园教学科研基地种植, 并总结辽宁省野生观赏草资源, 对主要观赏草进行分类统计及景观特点评价。

1.2 研究方法

为了较准确地对观赏草的研究价值和观赏价值进行评价, 在参照相关资料^{[24, 25, 28]}的基础上确定了评价标准(表1)以筛选出选择适应性广、观赏性优、景观显著的观赏草。根据评价标准, 采取多人打分取平均值的方法。打分人员共9 人, 其中设计人员、育种人员、一般群众各3人。

表1 辽宁省观赏草性状评价标准 Table 1 Evaluation criterion of the characters for the ornamental grasses in Liaoning Province

邓聚龙^[20]提出灰色关联分析理论的应用主要是将各指标性状作为一个灰色系统, 再将每个性状看作灰色系统中的一个因素, 在此基础上计算系统中各因素的关联度, 关联度越大其相似度就越高, 反之则越低。本研究涉及103个参试种类, 对其相应性状的量化值进行标准化及无纲量化处理后, 以理想草种性状评价值(各性状值均为5) 为参照, 计算不同草种综合性状的关联系数及关联度。将各草种的调查性状构成数列为x_i (i=1, 2, 3, …, i为草种编号), 其中理想草种各个性状构成数列为x₀(0为理想草种编号), 性状指标为k (k=1, 2, …6)。按照下列相关计算公式计算参试草种与理想草种之间的关联系数为ξ _i (k), 关联度为r_i。

ξ _i (k)= $\begin{matrix} \frac{\frac{\min}{i} \frac{\min}{k} | x_{0} (k) - x_{i} (k) | +}{| x_{0} (k) - x_{i} (k) | +} \end{matrix}$

$\begin{matrix} \frac{\frac{ρmax}{i} \frac{\max}{k} | x_{0} (k) - x_{i} (k) |}{\frac{ρmax}{i} \frac{\max}{k} | x_{0} (k) - x_{i} (k) |} \end{matrix}$ (1)

r_i= $\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{n} \end{matrix} \begin{matrix} \overset{n}{\sum_{k = 1}} \end{matrix}$ ξ _i (k)(2)

式(1)中:|x₀(k)-x_i (k)|表示x₀数列与x_i数列在k点的绝对差值Δ i( k), minimink|x₀(k)-x_i(k)|为两级层次的最小差, maximaxk|x₀(k)-x_i(k)|为两级层次的最大差。ρ 为分辨系数, 其取值范围为0~1, 本研究遵循武菊英等^{[24, 25]}的模式将其取值为0.5; 式(2)中:n表示调查指标数量, n=5, 各性状权重相等。

根据公式(1)和公式(2) , 首先求出x₀ (k)与x_i(k)的绝对差值Δ _i(k), 得出maximaxk|x₀(k)-x_i(k)|=5, minimink|x₀(k)-x_i(k)|=0; 利用公式(1)计算出供试观赏草草种与理想草种之间的关联系数ξ _i (k); 再利用公式(2)计算出参试观赏草草种与理想草种之间的关联度, 然后进行关联度排序。

2 结果与分析

2.1 辽宁省野生观赏草资源概况

通过调查发现辽宁省地区包括禾本科、莎草科、鸢尾科、灯心草科、香蒲科、雨久花科、百合科、天南星科、花蔺科9个科50个属在内的具有一定观赏价值的观赏草种质资源共103种(表2)。

表2 辽宁省主要观赏草科属分类及观赏特征 Table 2 Species and their ornamental characteristics of ornamental grasses in Liaoning Province

科名Family	种名Specie	观赏特征Ornamental characteristic
禾本科 Gramineae	远东芨芨草 Achnatherum extremiorientale	秆直立, 圆锥花序开展 Haulm erect, panic unfold
	京芒草 Achnatherum pekinense	秆直立, 圆锥花序开展 Haulm erect, panicle unflold
	燕麦芨芨草 Achnatherum avenoides	秆直立, 圆锥花序较长 Haulm erect, long panicle
	朝阳芨芨草 Achnatherum nakaii	秆紧密丛生, 圆锥花序疏松 Dense haulm tuft, loose panicle
	光颖芨芨草 Achnatherum sibiricum	秆直立, 圆锥花序较紧缩 Haulm erect, contraction panicle
	野古草 Arundinella hirta	圆锥花序开展, 叶色有变化 Panicle unflold, color of leaf vary
	日本乱子草 Muhlenbergia japonica	春季植株柔美, 秋季靓丽的花序非常吸引人 Plant in spring and beautiful inflorenscence in autumn
	狼尾草 Pennisetum alopecuroides	整株观赏。花序尤为引人注目。开花期花序突出叶片以上, 如喷泉状 The whole plant is beautiful, especially the inflorescence, fountain-like in blossom
	大油芒 Spodiopogon sibiricus	整株观赏。植株挺拔, 具有刚强的美。花序茂盛丛生, 突出于茎叶之上 The whole plant is beautiful with lush inflorescence stands over the leaves
	大针茅 Stipa grandis	整株观赏。尤其开花后, 花序飘柔, 随风舞动 The whole plant is beautiful, especially the inflorenscences
	长芒草 Stipa bungeana	秆紧密丛生, 基部膝曲, 圆锥花序狭 Dense haulm tuft, bend at the base, narrow panicle
	狼针草 Stipa baicalensis	整株观赏。圆锥花序紧缩 The whole plant is beautiful with contraction panicle
	黄背草 Themeda japonica	整株观赏。秋季植株变为金黄色至红色 The whole plant is beautiful with golden or red in autumn
	拂子茅 Calamagrostis epigeios	整株观赏, 主要为花序。花序雍容华贵, 密集茂盛 The whole plant is beautiful, especially the magnificent and lush inflorescences
	大拂子茅 Calamagrostis macrolepis	秆直立, 圆锥花序狭长圆形 Haulm erect, narrow oval panicle
	假苇拂子茅 Calamagrostis pseudaphragmites	金黄色圆锥花序, 开展 Golden panicle unflold
	野青茅 Deyeuxia arundinacea	整株观赏。叶片柔美, 秋季花序茂盛, 丛生于叶片上方 Beautiful leaves and lush panicle clustered over the leaves in autumn
	小叶章 Deyeuxia angustifolia	秆直立, 紧密丛生, 圆锥花序紧缩 Erected and dense haulm tuft, and contraction panic
	大叶章 Deyeuxia langsdorffii	秆直立, 圆锥花序长圆形, 疏松 Haulm erect, loosen and narrow oval panicle
	虎尾草 Chloris virgata	秆直立或基部曲膝, 金黄色穗状花序 Erected haulm or bend at the base, golden-yellow panicle
禾本科 Gramineae	鸭茅 Dactylis glomerata	圆锥花序开展, 美丽 Panicle unflold, beautiful
	画眉草 Eragrostis pilosa	秆丛生, 圆锥花序较开展而疏松 Haulm tuft, panicle unflold and loosen
	荻 Miscanthus sachariflorus	整株观赏, 植株刚劲挺拔, 花序银白、飘逸 The whole plant is beautiful with upstaning stems and silver, graceful panicle
	芒 Miscanthus sinensis	整株观赏。圆锥花序扇形为总状花序状 The whole plant is beautiful with panicle like raceme
	紫芒 Miscanthus purpurascens	全株。特别是花序, 随风舞动, 引人注目 The whole plant is beautiful with the noticeable panicle e flutters in the wind
	雀麦 Bromus japonica	秆直立, 圆锥花序开展, 下垂优美 Haulm erect, panicle unfold, gracefully droop
	旱雀麦 Bromus tectorum	秆直立丛生, 圆锥花序开展 Dense haulm tuft, panicle unflold
	无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis	秆直立, 圆锥花序稍展开 Haulm erect, panicle unflold
	紫羊茅 Festuca rubra	花穗蓝绿色或黄褐色 Blue-green or yellowish-brown spikelet
	白茅 Imperata cylindrica	圆锥花序圆柱形, 银白色 Panicle contracts to cylindraceousness
	虉草 Phalaris arundinacea	成片生长, 做绿篱 Grow in patch, apply to green fense
	朝鲜碱茅 Fuccinella chinapoensis	圆锥花序开展, 呈金字塔形 Panicle unflold, pyramid-like
	金色狗尾草 Setaria glauca	圆锥花序金黄色或稍带紫色 Panicle golden or a bit of brown
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	圆锥花序绿色、黄色或变紫色 Panicle green, yellow or become purple
	大狗尾草 Setaria faberii	秆直立高大, 圆锥花序紧密呈圆柱状下垂 Big and tall haulm erect, panicle contracts to cylindraceousness
	求米草 Oplismenus undulatifolius	叶片油绿, 茎秆细弱横卧, 成片群聚, 覆盖地表 Green leaves and creeping stems cover the ground.
	粟草 Millium effusum	圆锥花序开展, 颖绿色或带紫色 Panicle unfold, green and purple glume
	薏苡 Coix lacryma-jobi	总苞念珠状, 光亮、奇特 Involucrum like prayer beads, brightness and oddity
	毛芦苇 Phragmites hirsuta	圆锥花序雄伟美观 Majestic and beautiful spica
	热河芦苇 Phragmites jeholensis	圆锥花序卵状长圆形近直立, 带暗紫色 Narrow oval panicle erect and contract to egg shape, dark purple
禾本科 Gramineae	芦苇 Phragmites australis	圆锥花序卵状长圆形微下垂 Narrow oval panicle droop slightly and contract to egg shape
	桔草 Cymbopogon goeringii	整株观赏, 伪圆锥花序稀疏, 带紫色 The whole plant is beautiful with fake and loose panicle, purple
	结缕草 Zoysia japonica	植株具长匍匐茎, 低矮耐践踏 The plant with long stolons and tolerance of trample
	中华结缕草 Zoysia sinica	植株具长匍匐茎, 低矮耐践踏 The plant with long stolons and tolerance of trample
	细柄草 Capillipedium parviflorum	紫色圆锥花序开展 Purple panicle unfold
	扁穗冰草 Agropyron cristatum	秆疏丛, 穗状花序直立 Haulm loose, spica erected
	狭叶甜茅 Glyceria spiculosa	秆直立, 圆锥花序稀疏 Haulm erect, panicle loose
	稗 Echinochloa frumentacea	植株高大, 圆锥花序直立, 带紫色 The plant big and tall, panicle erect with purple
	野稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	秆基部倾斜或曲膝, 圆锥花序 Haulm bend at the base, panicle
	披碱草 Echinochloa dahuricus	穗状花序直立, 紧密, 带紫色 Spica erect and contract, purple
	肥披碱草 Echinochloa excelsus	秆和穗状花序直立粗壮 Strong haulm and spica erected
	老芒麦 Echinochloa sibiricus	穗状花序较疏松而下垂, 带灰绿色或紫色 Spica droop loosely, purple
	光稃茅香 Hierochloe glabra	整株观赏, 圆锥花序卵形, 疏松, 带黄褐色 The whole plant, egg-shape panicle loosely
	艹洽草 Koeleria cristata	秆密丛直立, 圆锥花序呈穗状 Dense haulm erect, panicle contracts to spica
	短芒大麦草 Hordeum brevisubulatum	秆疏丛直立, 穗状花序绿色或带紫色 Loosen plant erect, green and purple spica
	芒颖大麦草 Hordeum jubatum	整株观赏, 穗状花序柔软, 韵律和动感 The whole plant is beautiful with spica soft, rhythm and innervation
	偃麦草 Elytrigia repens	秆直立, 穗状花序直立 Haulm and spica erect
	看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis	圆锥花序圆柱状, 灰绿色 Celadon panicle contracts to cylindraceousness
	菰 Zizania latifolia	植株挺拔, 圆锥花序大而优美 Big and high plant, big and beautiful panicle
莎草科 Cyperaceae	水莎草 Juncellus serotinus	秆上部锐三棱形, 平滑, 穗状花序暗褐色 Top of haulm with sharp triangle-arris, smooth, dust-color spica
	槽秆荸荠 Eleocharis equisetiformis	秆基部叶鞘紫红色, 上部绿色 Fuchsia sheath at the base of haulm, upside of haulm green
莎草科 Cyperaceae	水葱 Scirpus karuizawensis	聚伞花序成头状 Cyme cantracts to capitulum
	华东藨草 Scirpus karuizawensis	聚伞花序顶生和侧生组成圆锥花序 Cyme at top and become conical at side
	荆三棱 Scirpus fluviatilis	聚伞花序不分枝, 带锈褐色 Cyme with no branch, rust brown
	单穗藨草 Scirpus radicans	聚伞花序顶生呈球状 Cyme at top and become global
	藨草 Scirpus triqueter	秆散生, 三棱形 Dispersed haulm, triangle-prismy
	萤蔺 Scirpus juncoides	聚伞花序聚缩为头状, 带淡褐色 Cyme cantracts to capitulum, hazel
	扁秆藨草 Scirpus planiculmis	聚伞花序聚缩为头状, 带锈褐色或黄褐色 Cyme cantracts to capitulum, rust-brown or yellow-brown
	褐穗莎草 Cyperus fuscus	头状花序, 小坚果淡黄色 Capitulum, wheat nulet
	头穗莎草 Cyperus glomeratus	聚伞花序, 小坚果灰褐色 Capitulum, dust-color nulet
	球穗莎草 Cyperus difformis	聚伞花序头状, 小坚果淡黄色 Cyme become capitulum, wheat nutlet
	穹隆薹草 Carex gibba	总状花序, 单生或组成穗状 Raceme solitary or form spica
	狭囊薹草 Carex diplasiocarpa	穗状花序密生, 果囊锈黄色 Dense spica, rust yellow utricle
	尖嘴薹草 Carex leiorhyncha	穗状花序圆柱形 Pica contracts to cylindracousness
	白颖薹草 Carex rigescens	卵形的穗状花序, 淡白色 Egg-shape spica, light white
	宽叶薹草 Carex siderosticta	叶长圆状披针形, 绿色, 苞片佛焰苞状, 浅绿色 Green oblong and lanceolate leaf, bract spathe, light green
鸢尾科 Iridaceae	马蔺 Iris chinensis	叶宽线形, 淡绿色或蓝绿色, 花蓝紫色 Wide linear leaf, pea green or cyan, blue-purple flower
	射干 Iris dichotoma	叶剑形, 花橙红色, 散生紫褐色的斑点 Ancipital leaf, orange-red flower,
	燕子花 Iris laevigata	叶剑形, 灰绿色, 花蓝紫色 Ancipitaland grey-green leaf, blue-purple flower
	花菖蒲 Iris ensata	叶宽线形, 白色、粉色至紫红色 Wide linear leaf, white, pinke and fuchsia
	乌苏里鸢尾 Iris maackii	叶剑形, 灰绿色, 花黄色 Ancipital and grey-green leaf, yellow flower
鸢尾科 Iridaceae	小黄花鸢尾 Iris minutoaurea	叶长圆状线形, 花黄色 Oblong linear leaf, yellow flower
	细叶鸢尾 Iris tenuifolia	叶丝状或狭条形, 花蓝紫色 Filiform or narrow linear leaf, blue-purple flower
	囊花鸢尾 Iris ventricosa	叶条形, 灰绿色, 花蓝紫色 Linear leaf with grey-green, blue-purple flower
	单花鸢尾 Iris uniflora	叶条形或披针形, 花蓝紫色 Linear or lanceolate leaf, blue-purple flower
	矮紫苞鸢尾 Iris ruthenica var. nana	叶线状披针形, 灰绿色, 花淡蓝色或蓝紫色 Linear lanceolate leaf, grey-green, light blue or blue-purple flower
	长白鸢尾 Iris mandshurica	叶镰刀状弯曲, 花黄色 Crook leaf with sickle shaped, yellow flower
	粗根鸢尾 Iris tigridia	叶狭条形, 深绿色, 有光泽, 花蓝紫色 Linear and dark-green leaf with gloss, blue-purple flower
百合科 Liliaceae	山麦冬 Liriope spicata	叶基生成丛, 禾叶状, 总状花序 Tufted leaf, like gramineous leaf, raceme,
	矮小山麦冬 Liriope minor	叶基生成丛, 花淡紫色, 总状花序 Tufted leaf, purple flower, raceme
灯心草科 Juncaceae	灯心草 Juncus effusus	茎簇生, 聚伞花序假侧生 Fascicled haulm, fake adnate cyme
	小灯心草 Juncus bufonius	二歧聚伞花序, 蒴果三棱状长圆形 Dichasium, oblong capsule like triangle-prismy
	细灯心草 Juncus bufonius	聚伞花序, 蒴果卵状球形, 红褐色, 有光泽 Cyme, egg-shaped and spherical capsule with gloss, reddish brown
	乳头灯心草 Juncus papillosus	聚伞花序顶生成头状, 蒴果三棱状披针形 Cyme at top and become global, triangle-prismy and lanceolate capsule
	针灯心草 Juncus wallichianus	聚伞花序顶生成头状, 蒴果三棱状长圆形 Cyme at top and become global, triangle-prismy and oblong capsule
	短喙灯心草 Juncus krameri	头状花序组成的聚伞花序, 蒴果三棱状椭圆形 Cyme comprised by capitulum, triangle-prismy and oval capsule
天南星科 Araceae	菖蒲 Acorus calamus	叶状佛焰苞剑状线形 Lobate spathe assume ancipital or linear
花蔺科 Butomaceae	花蔺 Butomus umbellatus	整株观赏, 花序中的花淡红至紫红色 The whole plant is beautiful, light-red to purple-red flower
雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	雨久花 Monochoria korsakowii	总状花序顶生, 花蓝紫色 Raceme at top, blue-purple flower
香蒲科 Typhaceae	水烛 Typha angustifolia	叶狭长形, 穗状花序蜡烛状 Narrow-long leaf, spica like candle
	宽叶香蒲 Typha latifolia	雌花序绿褐色至红褐色, 老熟时变灰白色 Green-brown or mahogany female anthotaxy become offwhite in autumn
	香蒲 Typha orientalis	叶细线形, 穗状花序呈蜡烛状 Linear leaf, spica like candle
	小香蒲 Typha minima	叶细线形, 穗状花序蜡烛状 Linear leaf, spica like candle

表2 辽宁省主要观赏草科属分类及观赏特征 Table 2 Species and their ornamental characteristics of ornamental grasses in Liaoning Province

2.2 辽宁省野生观赏草观赏性状的灰色关联分析

按照表1评价标准以及樊智丰和彭建松^[27]的打分细则, 对103种野生观赏草的观赏性状进行打分评价(表3)。绝大多数观赏草的各项指标均达到合格等级(评价等级≥ 1)。在参评的观赏草中, 其原生境以山坡草地、疏林灌丛为主(52.9%), 其次为山谷溪边、林缘湿地(29.8%), 湖泊、沼泽地最少; 有58.7%的观赏草具有耐旱性, 部分耐盐碱, 其它分别为中生、湿生和水生; 大多数观赏草的美观度较高(评价得分在2.0以上); 观赏草的株型以中等型株高(株高60~120 cm)为主(50.0%), 其次为高大型(22.0%), 低矮型和微型为少数; 大多数观赏草叶片以绿色为主(51.0%), 少数种会呈现异色或变色, 如无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、金色狗尾草(Setaria glauca)的叶色呈金黄色, 黄背草(Themeda japonica)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、野古草(Arudndinella hirta)、大油芒(Spodiopogon sibiricus)和狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)的叶色在不同季节呈现不同颜色, 这些稀有种具有较高的观赏价值, 值得进一步研究和开发利用; 此外, 大部分观赏草都有美丽的花序, 这将增加观赏草的观赏价值。

表3 辽宁省主要观赏草观赏价值得分 Table 3 The scores of ornamental value for the ornamental grasses in Liaoning Province

编号 No.	种名 Species	株高 Height	花序 Inflorescence	叶色 Leaf color	抗性 Resistance	原生境 Habitat	植株观赏性 Ornamental value
x₀	理想种Ideal species	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₁	远东芨芨草Achnatherum extremiorientale	2.8	2.2	1.0	2.0	2.7	3.0
x₂	京芒草Achnatherum pekinense	2.1	1.8	1.1	2.0	2.5	2.8
x₃	燕麦芨芨草Achnatherum avenoides	1.9	1.6	1.0	2.5	2.7	2.7
x₄	朝阳芨芨草Achnatherum nakaii	1.3	1.8	1.0	2.0	2.5	2.8
x₅	光颖芨芨草Achnatherum sibiricum	2.3	1.7	1.0	3.0	2.3	2.6
x₆	野古草Arundinella hirta	2.4	2.4	2.1	3.0	3.0	2.7
x₇	日本乱子草Muhlenbergia japonica	0.7	2.1	1.0	1.4	1.5	2.7
x₈	狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides	2.1	1.7	2.9	2.1	3.0	2.8
x₉	大针茅Stipa grandis	2.4	2.5	2.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₁₀	大油芒Spodiopogon sibiricus	2.0	2.0	3.0	2.0	1.0	2.1
x₁₁	长芒草Spodiopogon bungeana	1.8	1.3	1.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
x₁₂	狼针草Spodiopogon baicalensis	2.0	2.5	3.0	2.1	2.8	2.5
x₁₃	黄背草Themeda japonica	2.0	2.4	3.0	2.0	2.0	2.5
x₁₄	拂子茅Calamagrostis epigeios	2.0	1.6	1.0	3.0	3.0	2.6
x₁₅	大拂子茅Calamagrostis macrolepis	2.4	1.8	1.0	1.5	2.1	2.8
x₁₆	假苇拂子茅Calamagrostis pseudaphragmites	2.0	1.6	1.0	2.0	3.0	2.6
x₁₇	野青茅Deyeuxia arundinacea	2.0	1.3	1.0	2.0	2.0	2.6
x₁₈	小叶章Deyeuxia angustifolia	2.8	2.3	1.5	1.0	1.3	2.8
x₁₉	大叶章Deyeuxia langsdorffii	3.0	2.1	1.5	1.2	2.0	2.8
x₂₀	虎尾草Chloris virgata	1.8	1.5	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.8
x₂₁	鸭茅Dactylis glomerata	2.0	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.0	3.0
x₂₂	画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	1.8	1.3	1.2	2.0	3.0	2.3
x₂₃	荻Miscanthus sachariflorus	2.0	2.5	1.2	3.0	3.0	2.7
x₂₄	芒Miscanthus sinensis	3.0	2.5	1.2	2.0	3.0	2.7
x₂₅	紫芒Miscanthus purpurascens	3.0	3.0	1.3	2.0	2.5	3.0
x₂₆	雀麦Bromus japonica	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	2.0
x₂₇	旱雀麦Bromus tectorum	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	2.0
x₂₈	无芒雀麦Bromus inermis	2.0	2.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.5
x₂₉	紫羊茅Festuca rubra	2.3	2.5	2.0	3.0	3.0	2.5
x₃₀	白茅Imperata cylindrica	2.0	1.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.0
x₃₁	虉草Phalaris arundinacea	2.0	1.3	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.8
x₃₂	朝鲜碱茅Fuccinella chinapoensis	1.6	2.3	1.8	1.3	1.8	2.5
x₃₃	金色狗尾草Setaria glauca	2.0	1.2	2.0	2.0	3.0	2.0
x₃₄	狗尾草Setaria viridis	2.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	3.0	1.3
x₃₅	大狗尾草Setaria faberii	2.5	3.0	1.0	3.0	3.0	2.7
x₃₆	求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius	0.8	2.4	1.0	2.0	2.5	3.0
x₃₇	粟草Millium effusum	2.7	2.9	1.3	1.8	2.3	2.5
x₃₈	薏苡Coix lacryma-jobi	2.5	3.0	1.0	1.5	3.0	3.0
x₃₉	毛芦苇 Phragmites hirsuta	3.0	2.3	1.0	1.5	1.6	2.2
x₄₀	热河芦苇 Phragmites jeholensis	3.0	2.3	1.2	1.4	1.8	2.4
x₄₁	芦苇Phragmites australis	3.0	2.0	1.0	3.0	3.0	2.3
x₄₂	桔草Cymbopogon goeringii	1.6	1.8	1.5	3.0	2.8	2.7
x₄₃	结缕草Zoysia japonica	0.4	0.0	1.2	2.7	2.8	2.5
x₄₄	中华结缕草Zoysia sinica	0.4	0.0	1.3	2.5	2.7	2.3
x₄₅	细柄草Capillipedium parviflorum	2.4	2.7	1.0	3.0	3.0	2.6
x₄₆	冰草Agropyron cristatum	1.4	1.7	1.0	3.0	3.0	2.4
x₄₇	狭叶甜茅Glyceria spiculosa	1.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	2.6
x₄₈	稗Echinochloa frumentacea	2.7	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.3	2.4
x₄₉	野稗Echinochloa crusgalli	3.0	1.7	1.0	1.0	1.2	2.6
x₅₀	披碱草Echinochloa dahuricus	2.1	2.2	1.0	3.0	3.0	2.8
x₅₁	肥披碱草Echinochloa excelsus	2.0	2.4	1.8	2.0	3.0	2.4
x₅₂	老芒麦Echinochloa sibiricus	2.2	1.8	1.0	2.7	3.0	3.0
x₅₃	光稃茅香Hierochloe glabra	1.5	1.3	1.2	2.5	2.4	2.7
x₅₄	洽草Koeleria cristata	1.3	2.1	1.3	3.0	3.0	2.9
x₅₅	短芒大麦草Hordeum brevisubulatum	1.6	2.3	1.0	2.0	2.5	1.9
x₅₆	芒颖大麦草Hordeum jubatum	1.5	3.0	1.5	2.5	2.8	3.0
x₅₇	偃麦草Elytrigia repens	1.4	1.8	1.3	2.0	2.5	3.0
x₅₈	看麦娘Alopecurus aequalis	2.0	2.5	1.0	1.6	2.1	2.6
x₅₉	水莎草Juncellus serotinus	2.2	2.7	1.0	1.2	1.5	2.8
x₆₀	槽秆荸荠Eleocharis equisetiformis	1.5	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.5	3.0
x₆₁	水葱Scirpus karuizawensis	1.8	2.3	1.0	1.0	1.4	3.0
x₆₂	华东藨草Scirpus karuizawensis	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.5	1.4	2.0
x₆₃	荆三棱Scirpus fluviatilis	2.1	2.8	1.0	1.0	1.4	3.0
x₆₄	单穗藨草 Scirpus radicans	0.8	2.9	1.0	1.0	1.3	2.3
x₆₅	藨草Scirpus triqueter	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.2	2.7	2.5
x₆₆	萤蔺Scirpus juncoides	2.1	2.5	1.7	1.0	1.5	3.0
x₆₇	扁秆藨草Scirpus planiculmis	3.0	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.4	2.5
x₆₈	褐穗莎草Cyperus fuscus	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.5	2.1	2.0
x₆₉	头穗莎草Cyperus glomeratus	2.8	2.5	1.0	1.0	1.4	3.0
x₇₀	球穗莎草Cyperus difformis	3.0	2.7	1.0	1.2	1.4	3.0
x₇₁	穹隆薹草Carex gibba	2.2	2.1	1.1	2.0	2.1	2.4
x₇₂	狭囊薹草Carex diplasiocarpa	0.8	2.5	1.3	2.5	2.8	2.6
x₇₃	尖嘴薹草Carex leiorhyncha	1.6	3.0	1.7	2.5	2.6	3.0
x₇₄	白颖薹草Carex rigescens	0.4	1.8	1.8	3.0	3.0	2.8
x₇₅	宽叶薹草Carex siderosticta	3.0	1.4	1.2	2.5	2.8	2.6
x₇₆	马蔺Iris chinensis	1.0	2.8	1.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₇₇	射干Iris dichotoma	1.2	3.0	1.3	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₇₈	燕子花Iris laevigata	2.0	3.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	3.0
x₇₉	花菖蒲Iris ensata	2.1	3.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	3.0
x₈₀	乌苏里鸢尾Iris maackii	1.0	3.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	3.0
x₈₁	小黄花鸢尾Iris minutoaurea	0.3	3.0	1.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₈₂	细叶鸢尾Iris tenuifolia	1.5	3.0	1.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₈₃	囊花鸢尾Iris ventricosa	1.4	3.0	1.1	2.3	2.5	3.0
x₈₄	矮紫苞鸢尾Iris ruthenica var. nana	0.4	3.0	1.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₈₅	单花鸢尾Iris uniflora	0.8	3.0	1.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₈₆	长白鸢尾Iris mandshurica	0.5	3.0	1.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₈₇	粗根鸢尾Iris tigridia	0.5	3.0	1.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
x₈₈	雨久花Monochoria korsakowii	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.8
x₈₉	矮小山麦冬Liriope minor	1.1	1.6	1.0	2.5	2.8	3.0
x₉₀	山麦冬Liriope spicata	1.5	2.1	1.3	1.5	2.7	3.0
x₉₁	菖蒲Acorus calamus	2.0	3.0	1.3	1.2	1.5	3.0
x₉₂	菰Zizania latifolia	3.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.5	2.5
x₉₃	花蔺Butomus umbellatus	2.5	3.0	1.0	1.3	1.7	2.8
x₉₄	灯心草Juncus effusus	2.0	2.4	1.0	1.5	1.7	2.7
x₉₅	小灯心草Juncus bufonius	0.6	2.6	1.0	1.5	1.9	2.6
x₉₆	细灯心草Juncus bufonius	1.5	2.3	1.2	1.5	1.2	2.7
x₉₇	乳头灯心草Juncus papillosus	0.9	2.4	1.2	1.5	1.7	2.6
x₉₈	针灯心草Juncus wallichianus	0.8	2.5	1.0	1.5	1.7	2.4
x₉₉	短喙灯心草Juncus krameri	1.4	2.8	1.2	1.5	2.3	2.6
x₁₀₀	水烛Typha angustifolia	3.0	2.5	1.2	1.0	1.3	2.4
x₁₀₁	宽叶香蒲Typha latifolia	3.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.8	2.0
x₁₀₂	香蒲Typha orientalis	2.5	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.8	2.0
x₁₀₃	小香蒲Typha minima	3.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.8	2.0

表3 辽宁省主要观赏草观赏价值得分 Table 3 The scores of ornamental value for the ornamental grasses in Liaoning Province

2.3 辽宁省主要野生观赏草与理想种的关联度

按照辽宁省主要野生观赏草的性状评价值, 应用灰色关联度分析理论, 对所得数据进行关联系数和关联度的计算。按照灰色关联度分析法原则, 关联度越大则与理想种越接近, 即综合评价越高。结果显示, 在参评的103种观赏草中, 与理想种的关联度在0.6以上的有87种, 具有良好的综合性状; 与理想种的关联度在0.7以上的有37种, 表4列出了该37种与理想种的关联系数及关联度, 这些种都具有较高的观赏价值、生态适应性和丰富度, 可考虑直接应用于园林绿化; 与理想种的关联度在0.8以上的有11种, 分别为禾本科的紫芒(Miscanthus purpurascens)、大针茅(Stipa grandis)、野古草、无芒雀麦、大狗尾草(Setaria faberii)和鸢尾科的矮紫苞鸢尾(Iris ruthenica var. nana)、长白鸢尾(I. mandshurica)、粗根鸢尾(I. tigridia)、单花鸢尾(I. uniflora)、射干(I. dichotoma)、细叶鸢尾。

表4 辽宁省主要观赏草与理想种的关联系数和关联度(与理想种关联度≥ 0.7) Table 4 Correlation coefficient and degree between the ideal species and ornamental grasses in Liaoning Province

编号 No.	关联系数Correlation coefficient						关联度 Correlation
编号 No.	株高 Height		花序 Inflorescence	叶色 Color of leaf	抗性 Resistance	生境 Habitat	植株观赏性 Ornamental value
x₁	0.882 4	0.652 2	0.428 6	0.600 0	0.833 3	1.000 0	0.732 7
x₆	0.714 3	0.714 3	0.625 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.833 3	0.814 5
x₈	0.600 0	0.517 2	1.000 0	0.600 0	1.000 0	0.833 3	0.758 4
x₁₀	0.714 3	0.750 0	0.625 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.848 2
x₁₂	0.600 0	0.750 0	1.000 0	0.625 0	0.882 4	0.750 0	0.767 9
x₁₃	0.600 0	0.714 3	1.000 0	0.600 0	0.600 0	0.750 0	0.710 7
x₁₄	0.600 0	0.517 2	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.789 5	0.722 5
x₁₅	0.600 0	0.750 0	0.454 5	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.833 3	0.773 0
x₂₄	1.000 0	0.750 0	0.454 5	0.600 0	1.000 0	0.833 3	0.773 0
x₂₅	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.468 8	0.600 0	0.750 0	1.000 0	0.803 1
x₂₈	0.600 0	0.600 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.750 0	0.825 0
x₂₉	0.681 8	0.750 0	0.600 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.750 0	0.797 0
x₃₀	0.600 0	0.500 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.600 0	0.783 3
x₃₅	0.750 0	1.000 0	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.833 3	0.835 3
x₃₇	0.833 3	0.937 5	0.468 8	0.555 6	0.681 8	0.750 0	0.704 5
x₃₈	0.750 0	1.000 0	0.428 6	0.500 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.779 8
x₄₁	1.000 0	0.600 0	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.681 8	0.785 1
x₄₂	0.517 2	0.555 6	0.500 0	1.000 0	0.882 4	0.833 3	0.714 7
x₄₅	0.714 3	0.833 3	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.789 5	0.794 3
x₅₀	0.625 0	0.652 2	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.882 4	0.764 7
x₅₂	0.652 2	0.555 6	0.428 6	0.833 3	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.744 9
x₅₄	0.468 8	0.625 0	0.468 8	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.937 5	0.750 0
x₅₆	0.500 0	1.000 0	0.500 0	0.750 0	0.882 4	1.000 0	0.772 1
x₇₀	1.000 0	0.833 3	0.428 6	0.454 5	0.483 9	1.000 0	0.700 1
x₇₃	0.517 2	1.000 0	0.535 7	0.750 0	0.789 5	1.000 0	0.765 4
x₇₄	0.365 9	0.555 6	0.555 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.882 4	0.726 6
x₇₅	1.000 0	0.483 9	0.454 5	0.750 0	0.882 4	0.789 5	0.726 7
x₇₆	0.428 6	0.882 4	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.789 9
x₇₇	0.454 5	1.000 0	0.468 8	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.820 5
x₈₁	0.357 1	1.000 0	0.441 2	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.799 7
x₈₂	0.500 0	1.000 0	0.428 6	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.821 4
x₈₃	0.483 9	1.000 0	0.441 2	0.681 8	0.750 0	1.000 0	0.726 1
x₈₄	0.365 9	1.000 0	0.441 2	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.801 2
x₈₅	0.405 4	1.000 0	0.441 2	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.807 8
x₈₆	0.375 0	1.000 0	0.441 2	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.802 7
x₈₇	0.375 0	1.000 0	0.441 2	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.802 7
x₈₈	0.441 2	1.000 0	0.468 8	0.600 0	0.789 5	1.000 0	0.716 6

3 讨论与结论

通过对辽宁省野生观赏草资源进行总结分析, 发现辽宁省蕴藏着丰富的观赏草种质资源, 分布于10科49属103种, 生态适应性非常广, 原生境以山坡草地、疏林灌丛为主(52.9%), 株型以中等型株高为主(50.0%), 有58.7%的观赏草具有耐旱性, 该结果与辽宁省的地理气候条件有很大关系, 董厚德^[17]和吴孤樵^[29]认为辽宁省大部分山脉走向为东北-西南方向, 具有湿地、盐碱地、沙地及低山丘陵等多种地形, 且降水量从东南向西北递减, 形成森林带、森林草原带和草原带的植被特征, 这种特殊植被特征和生境多样化相结合, 使得辽宁省的野生观赏草具有很强的抗性。利用这些丰富的观赏草资源, 开展观赏草抗旱、抗盐碱等方面的工作, 进行优良种类的选育和转基因研究, 具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

参评的103种观赏草中有37种与理想种的关联度在0.7以上, 都具有较高的观赏性和适应性; 与理想种关联度在0.8以上的有11种, 分别为紫芒、大针茅、野古草、无芒雀麦、大狗尾草、矮紫苞鸢尾、长白鸢尾、粗根鸢尾、单花鸢尾、射干、细叶鸢尾, 其中有6种均为鸢尾属植物, 这与姬常平等^[30]提出的东北地区鸢尾属植物资源十分丰富、观赏价值高的观点相一致, 而前5种禾本科草在武菊英等^[14]、刘明东^[13]的调查研究中均有报道, 说明这5种野生观赏草在东北至华北地区的推广潜力很大。

灰色关联度分析主要是对参试品种的主要性状进行综合描述和量化评估, 对品种的优劣进行较为全面地评价, 在观赏草中的应用已有研究, 武菊英等^{[24, 25]}和李秀玲等^[26]均提出采用灰色关联分析方法对观赏草进行评价的关键在于构造一个理想的参考草种, 参考草种的评价标准是否准确与全面直接影响参试草种评价结果的可靠性, 在此基础上, 对各供试草种多个性状定性分析, 克服了传统的打分制评价法的弊端, 评价结果具有较强的可比性和可靠性。此外, 如何选择考核指标以及确定考核指标的权重也至关重要。尚新刚等^[31]采用加权关联度和等全关联度同时分析的方法对草地类型质量进行评价, 王庆海等^[32]采用模糊综合评判法对观赏草进行景观评价。因此, 很有必要结合实际经验做进一步的研究, 挖掘更多的相关性状信息, 利用科学的方法确定合理的权重, 使观赏草的观赏性评价结果和评价体系更具有客观性和实用价值。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[30]	姬常平, 张天竹, 杨涛, 王金刚, 车代弟. 我国东北地区鸢尾属野生资源及其应用的初探. 张启翔, 编. 中国观赏园艺研究进展(2012). 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2012: 49-55. Ji C P, Zhang T Z, Yang T, Wang J G, Che D D. Wildlife resources of Iris and preliminary exploration of application in the northeast region of China. Zhang Q X. (eds). Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China(2012). Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2012: 49-55. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[31]	尚新刚, 王建华, 李建龙. 新型灰色关联度分析法在天山北坡天然草地类型质量评价中的应用. 中国草地学报, 2002, 23(6): 16-20. Shang X G, Wang J H, Li J L. An application of the grey relative analysis to the evaluation of grassland quality of north part of Tianshan moutain. Grassland of China, 2001, 23(6): 16-20. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[32]	王庆海, 武菊英, 腾文军. 模糊综合评判在观赏草景观效果评价中的应用. 北京园林, 2005, 21(4): 40-42. Wang Q H, Wu J Y, Teng W J. The utilization of fuzzy synthetic assessment in land scape evaluation of ornamental grasses. Beijing Gardens, 2005, 21(4): 40-42. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

2004

0.0

... 观赏草(ornamental grass)是以茎秆、叶丛为主要观赏部位的草本植物,主要包括禾本科、莎草科和灯芯草科等^[1,2] ...

... 本研究在此基础上并参照其他研究者^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,27]}的方法对具有潜在开发利用价值的物种收集种子或挖掘根系后,在沈阳农业大学百草园教学科研基地种植,并总结辽宁省野生观赏草资源,对主要观赏草进行分类统计及景观特点评价 ...

1999

0.0

... 观赏草(ornamental grass)是以茎秆、叶丛为主要观赏部位的草本植物,主要包括禾本科、莎草科和灯芯草科等^[1,2] ...

0.0

... 常见观赏草叶呈线形或线状披针形,具平行脉,单株分蘖密集、呈丛状,根为须根,具有形态多姿多样、实用性广、管护成本低等特点^[3] ...

2014

0.0

信金娜, 梁绪振, 刘君, 张明. 观赏草在高尔夫球场中的应用. 草业科学, 2014, 31(10): 1877-1883.

Xin J

, Liang X

, Liu

, Zhang

Research progress and application of ornamental grasses in golf course.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(10): 1877-1883. (in Chinese)

Ornamental grasses are new superior landscape material with high ornamental value, ecological effects, low cost of management and protection, strong resistance and widely used in China nowadays. In the present paper, the application of ornamental grasses in the golf course was reviewed and some common species in Gramineae and their characteristics were summarized. The existing problems for the application of ornamental grass in golf course were analyzed to provide theoretical reference for researches about ornamental grasses applications. Ornamental grass can be widely used in sub rough area, the cart path side, lakeside and other landscaping areas. However, the biological invasion, ecological balance and other issues should be paid more attentions.

观赏草是一种新优的景观材料,是一类具有特色而适应性十分广泛的草本植物,具有较高的观赏价值和生态效果,管护成本低、抗逆性强、适应面广,在高尔夫球场的次级高草区、球车道边、水边、会馆周围等景观区可以应用,在使用时,需要注意所利用观赏草的特性,对于可能造成的生物入侵以及生态失衡等问题要加以控制。本文就观赏草在高尔夫球场中的应用进行了综述,列举了部分常见的禾本科观赏草种类及其特性,并列举了部分球场使用实例,分析了观赏草在高尔夫球场应用中存在的问题,以期为观赏草在高尔夫球场的研究与广泛应用提供理论参考。

... 此外,观赏草还具有改良土壤、防止水土流失、蓄水保水、增加供氧量等显著的生态效果,而且观赏草的适应性广,能适应不同热量、水肥、地形等条件,观赏草具有较强的抗旱性、抗寒性等抗逆性,绝大多数具有很强的抗病虫害的能力^[4] ...

1994

0.0

唐岱, 万利军, 罗敬川, 梅运涛. 重庆地区观赏禾草种质资源研究. 西南农业大学学报, 1994, 16(1): 396-399.

Tang

, Wan L

, Luo J

, Mei Y

An investigation of the ornamental grass germplasm resrources in Chongqing.

Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 1994, 16(1): 396-399. (in Chinese)

对重庆地区观赏禾草种质资源调查研究表明,有33种野生禾草具有开发利用价值。根据生长习性及主要观赏性状可分为4类:草坪、草、镶嵌及镶边禾草,水景禾草,插花及干燥花艺术禾草,并对其研究、开发、利用的重要性作了论述。

... 目前,国内相关专家已分别对重庆^[5]、滇中^[6]、南京^[7]、四川^[8]、山东^[9]、江苏^[10]、杭州^[11]、陕西^[12]、大庆^[13]、北京^[14,15]、鲁东南滨海^[16]等地区的野生观赏草资源进行了调查,对这些文献资料进行统计,共有野生观赏草172种,分属于12科76属,其中主要有禾本科(108种)、莎草科(34种)、灯心草科(9种)、香蒲科(6种)、天南星科(4种)、花蔺科(2种)、百合科(2种)、鸢尾科(2种),其它的如列当科、藜科、龙舌兰科、木贼科等均有1种 ...

0.0

2006

0.0

赵岩, 戚海峰, 张志国. 山东省主要野生观赏草资源及其评价. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(11): 263-266.

Zhao

, Qi H

, Zhang Z

Main resources of wild ornamental grasses and its evaluation in Shand ong province.

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2006, 22(11): 263-266. (in Chinese)

Ornamental grass, as a new kind of ornamental plants, had great value in the construction of city green spaces and ecological landscape. However, few acquaintances and research on ornamental grasses has been conducted in China. The definition, application and prospect of wild ornamental grasses were discussed in this paper. The species, aesthetics and distribution of main ornamental grasses in Shandong Province were primarily evaluated. The results showed that there were great potential for 13 wild ornamental grasses (Pennlsetum alopecuroides et al,)which could be wisely used to the landscape in Shandong province. They were were described detailedly.

观赏草作为一类新型景观植物，在城市绿地建设和生态景观建设中有很大的应用价值，目前尚未引起足够的重视，相应的研究也较少。笔者就观赏草的概念、应用价值、应用前景等方面进行了简要介绍，并根据多年调查对山东地区主要野生观赏草的种类、景观特点、分布进行了初步描述。调查表明，狼尾草等13种野生观赏草在山东地区极具发展潜力，并分别加以详细介绍。

2007

0.0

任全进, 白春平, 蒲振祥, 侯尔勤, 沈家喜. 江苏地区观赏草及其在园林中的应用. 中国野生植物资源, 2007, 26(1): 22-24.

Ren Q

, Bai C

, Pu Z

, Hou E

, Shen J

Ornamental grasses and its utilization in Jiangsu.

Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 2007, 26(1): 22-24. (in Chinese)

简要阐述江苏地区观赏草的种类、习性、特征、观赏价值及其在园林中的应用.

0.0

2008

0.0

胡静, 张延龙. 陕西省主要观赏草资源及其评价. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 36(6): 105-111.

, Zhang Y

Main resources of ornamental grasses and its evaluation in Shaanxi Province.

Journal of Northwest A & F University: Natural Science Edition, 2008, 36(6): 105-111. (in Chinese)

【Objective】 The study evaluated wild resources of ornamental grasses available in Shaanxi Province and provided some references about their development.【Method】 50 ornamental grasses resources were evaluated using gray-correlation analysis based on the primary investigation and research of resources of wild ornamental grasses in Shaanxi Province, 6 evaluated characters of the ornamental grasses included habitat, fastness, ornamental value, height, color of leaf and inflorescence.【Result】 Arund donax,Miscanthus sacchariflorus,Typha minima,Kochia scoparia, etc had better ornamental effects and their correlation degree with the ideal species were 0.791 7，0.773 0，0.796 4 and 0.822 2;88% of 32 gramineous ornamental grasses could resist drought,and the correlation degree of only 7 species were lower than 0.6;The correlation degree with ideal species of 38 in involved ornamental grasses of 50 were higher than 0.6.【Conclusion】 Arund donax,Miscanthus sacchariflorus,Typha minima,Kochia scoparia, etc can be used for landscaping directly;Most of 50 ornamental grasses have potential value,and drought-resistant ornamental plants can be developed from gramineous ornamental grasses.

[目的]通过对陕西省观赏草资源的综合性状评价,为其合理的开发利用提供参考.[方法]在对陕西省观赏草资源进行初步调查和研究的基础上,利用灰色关联度分析法,对50种观赏草资源的生境、抗性、植株观赏性、株高、叶色和花序等6个性状进行了综合评价.[结果]综合评价比较高的观赏草品种有芦竹( Arund donax )、荻( Miscanthus sacchari ftorus )、小香蒲( Typha minima )和地肤( Kochia scoparia )等,其与理想种的关联度分别为0.791 7,0.773 0,0.796 4和0.822 2;32种禾本科观赏草中有88%具有耐旱性,且植株观赏性关联系数低于0.6的仅有7种;50种观赏草中有38种与理想种的关联度在0.6以上.[结论]芦竹( Arund donax )、荻( Miscanthus sacchari ftorus )、小香蒲( Typha minima )和地肤( Kochia scoparia )等可直接用于园林绿化美化;50种观赏草中多数具有开发潜力,可从禾本科观赏草中开发出节水耐旱的草种.

... 近年来,灰色系统理论在观赏草研究领域也有所应用^{[24,25,26,12]} ...

2007

0.0

刘明东. 大庆地区野生观赏草种质资源调查及引种. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学硕士学位论文, 2007.

Liu M

Investigation and introduction of germplasm resources of wide ornamental grass in Daqing area. Master Thesis.

Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2007. (in Chinese)

观赏草在景观设计和生态适应性方面具有其他绿化材料不可比拟的优良特性，作为新兴的绿化造景材料越来越受到人们的重视，具有广泛的应用前景。在国外，观赏草从上世纪80年代就开始兴起，目前已在园林造景和家庭园艺、道路绿化中得到广泛应用，在新品种选育方面也取得了很大的成就。在我国，观赏草在园林应用中处于起步阶段，鲜有科研单位或个人对野生观赏草资源进行研究，本文首次对大庆地区的野生观赏草种质资源进行调查分析和部分引种试验，得出如下结果： 1、大庆地区的草原和湿地中蕴藏着丰富的观赏草种质资源，其中相当一部分具有良好的园林应用前景，初步确定了具有开发利用前景的观赏草种质资源49种，隶属于6科29属。 2、从园林应用和形态学特征出发，对大庆地区的观赏草种质资源的株型、叶、花、韵律和动感的观赏性进行分析。结果表明在株型方面，株高从几十厘米到几米，跨度较大，如芦苇、香蒲的高度可达2米以上，而看麦娘、离穗苔草等仅有十几厘米：株形呈丛生状的种类比较多，而单生种类比较少，但是单生种类成群出现时同样具有丛生的效果，如头穗莎草。在叶形方面，条形叶的如香蒲、菖蒲；线形叶细长的如狼针草、细灯芯草。在叶色方面，仅有羊草和星星草表现为灰绿色。在质地方面，平滑而厚的如香蒲，粗糙的如多枝木贼。在花序方面，主要表现为圆锥花序、穗状花序和聚伞花序，且色彩表现丰富，有紫色、褐色、黄色等。在韵律和动感方面，大部分观赏草成片出现时，微风吹过都能表现出优雅的韵律和动感，如大面积的芦苇。这些种质资源生境类型多样，能够满足不同环境的植物配置。 3、调查的基础上，引种观赏性好的芒颖大麦草、短芒大麦草、狼针草、洽草和星星草进行试验，结果全部成活，正常开花结实。表明适应性比较强，引种容易成活，成活后无需浇水，节省水资源，管理粗放，成本低。 4、对早花种类芒颖大麦草和短芒大麦草花期过后修剪试验表明，芒颖大麦草在一年中经修剪能三次开花，且株形表现良好；短芒大麦草虽不能开花，但能表现出更加规整和繁茂的株形。本次研究为北方地区野生观赏草种质的确定、引种驯化及新品种选育，尤其在抗寒、抗盐碱方面品种选育提供科学的基础资料，为观赏草在北方园林中的推广应用提供重要参考。

... 8以上的有11种,分别为紫芒、大针茅、野古草、无芒雀麦、大狗尾草、矮紫苞鸢尾、长白鸢尾、粗根鸢尾、单花鸢尾、射干、细叶鸢尾,其中有6种均为鸢尾属植物,这与姬常平等^[30]提出的东北地区鸢尾属植物资源十分丰富、观赏价值高的观点相一致,而前5种禾本科草在武菊英等^[14]、刘明东^[13]的调查研究中均有报道,说明这5种野生观赏草在东北至华北地区的推广潜力很大 ...

2009

0.0

武菊英, 腾文军, 袁小环, 杨学军. 北京地区野生禾本科观赏草资源调查及繁殖特性研究. 草地学报, 2009, 17(1): 10-16.

Wu J

, Teng W

, Yuan X

, Yang X

Investigation and propagation characteristics of native ornamental grass resources in Beijing.

Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(1): 10-16. (in Chinese)

To explore the possibility of local landscape use,the investigation,screening,and propagation researches were conducted for 3 years on the native ornamental grass species in Beijing areas.The results show that 13 species in 9 generas had the unique aesthetic performances;among them only Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv.is the annual species.Furthermore,effects of temperature on seed germination were studied of two species, Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.and Spodiopogon sibiricus Trin.,which had great potential for landscape use.The results indicate that 20℃(day)/15℃(night) was the optimum temperature for the seed germination of P.alopecuroides and S.sibiricus ,and the germination rate reached above 90%.The results of root division experiment show that division of P.alopecuroides and S.sibiricus at spring obtained 100% survival percentage;soil coverage increased the survival percentage of P.alopecuroides divided before winter and the plants grew in the field were much taller in height and more tiller and inflorescence numbers than those grew in container.Furthermore,pot media experiment results indicate that media ratio of loam to peat at 1:1 improved the plant growth of both P.alopecuroides and Arundin-ella anomala Steud.

调查了北京地区野生禾本科观赏草资源的种类、分布和观赏特性,提出了它们在园林景观中的应用范围;在培养箱条件下研究了温度对2种具有较大观赏潜力的草种——狼尾草( Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.)Spreng.)和大油芒( Spodiopogon sibiricus Trin.)种子发芽的影响;在田间条件下研究冬前和春季分根种植对二者成活率的影响;并在盆栽条件下研究育苗基质对狼尾草和野古草(Arundinella anomalaStend)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:北京地区适宜做观赏草的野生草种有13种,分属9个属,其中仅求米草( Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino)Beauv.)为一年生,其余均为多年生;20℃(白天)/15℃(夜晚)最适宜狼尾草和大油芒种子发芽,发芽率在90%以上;狼尾草和大油芒春季分根成活率达100%,冬前分根移栽覆土条件下,前者成活率可达90%以上,且地栽植株的株高、分蘖和花序数明显高于盆栽条件;育苗基质对幼苗生长具有显著影响,纯壤土基质中,植株低矮,地上和地下生物量低;添加草炭可明显提高幼苗的株高、地上和地下生物量,壤土:草炭(1:1)是狼尾草和野古草育苗经济有效的基质。

2012

0.0

梁芳, 董爱香, 马燕. 北京野生苔草属植物资源调查及观赏性状评价. 草业科学, 2012, 29(5): 710-716.

Liang

, Dong A

, Ma

Resource survey of wild Carex plants and evaluation of their ornamental characteristics in Beijing.

Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(5): 710-716. (in Chinese)

Nature resources of Carex plants and their ornamental characteristics in Beijing was investigated in this study. The results showed that 18 species of wild Carex were found from 7 surveys. 6 out of 18 species could be utilized as turfgrasses, which were C.breviculmis, C.giraldiana, C.stenophylloides, C.humilis, C.subpediformis and C.lanceolata. Some of other species, such as C.leiorhyncha, C.remotiuscula, C.longerostrata and C.neurocarpa could be used as ornamental grasses with other plants configuration application in Landscape.

在北京地区的7个调查点发现了18种野生苔草属植物资源，对18种野生苔草属植物坪用观赏性状进行了观测。结果表明，青绿苔草（Carex breviculmis）、涝峪苔草（C.giraldiana）、白颖苔草(C.rigescens)、矮丛苔草(C.humilis)、早春苔草(C.subpediformis)、披针苔草（C.lanceolata）适合作草坪地被类植物，尖嘴苔草(C.1eiorhyncha)、疏穗苔草（C.remotiuscula）、长嘴苔草（C.longerostrata）和翼果苔草（C.neurocarpa）等适合作观赏草与其他植物配置应用。

2014

0.0

刘宝贤, 申宏伟, 徐峰, 陈为峰. 鲁东南滨海地区观赏草的观赏适应性评价. 草业科学, 2014, 31(12): 2221-2229.

Liu B

, Shen H

, Xu

, Chen W

Ornamental-adaptability evaluation of ornamental grasses in Southeastern coastal region of Shand ong.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(12): 2221-2229. (in Chinese)

The adaptability of 32 ornamental grasses species belonged to 10 families and 20 genus and introduced to Rizhao were evaluated based on anniversary observation of phenological phase, biological characteristics and landscape characteristics. The results showed that the grasses were divided intofive levels(Ⅰ～Ⅴ). Arundo donax and Cortaderia selloana were ingrade Ⅰ which had high ornamental value in Rizhao and were perfectly suitable to Rizhao. Miscanthus sp., Pennisetum sp., Thalia dealbata and other 14 grasses were in grade Ⅱwhich had ornamental value in Rizhao and can be extended in Rizhao. Scirpus validus, Iris tectorum and other 6 grasses were in grade Ⅲwhich had high value of each index with unobvious inflorescence and lower ornamental value or short flowering-time and could be extended. Carex tristachya, Calamagrostis epigejos and Juncus effusus were in grade Ⅳ which did not have enough introduction and need more planting before a further evaluation. Ophiopogon japonicus and O. bodiniertwere in grade Ⅴ which were not suitable for ornamental plants.

对日照市引种的10科20属32种观赏草的物候期、生物学特性和景观特性进行了为期1年的观测。利用层次分析法对其进行分析和评价, 并分为(Ⅰ～Ⅴ)5个等级。结果显示, Ⅰ级:花叶芦竹(Arundo donax)和矮蒲苇(Cortaderia selloana)有极高的观赏适应性价值, 完全适合在日照地区推广;Ⅱ级:芒类、狼尾草类、再力花(Thalia dealbata)等17种材料, 有较好的观赏适应性, 可以在日照地区推广;Ⅲ级:水葱(Scirpus validus)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum)等8种材料, 各项指标的得分都很高, 但花序不明显、观赏价值较小或花期短, 可以推广;Ⅳ级:苔草(Carex tristachya)、拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigejos)和灯芯草(Juncus effusus)3种观赏草的引种较少, 需要先适量种植, 再进一步评价;Ⅴ级:麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)和沿阶草(O.bodiniert), 不适宜做观赏植物, 建议做地被植物。

2011

0.0

... 辽宁省地处温带大陆性季风气候区,在地形地貌上,东部山脉、中部平原和西北部丘陵的三元结构构筑了辽宁省独特的自然景观,同时辽宁省又是长白山植物区系、华北植物区系和内蒙植物区系的交汇处,东部属于长白山植物区系,中南部属于华北植物区系,西北部属于内蒙古植物区系^[17],这种特殊的地理环境具有丰富的种质资源 ...

... 1 试验材料董厚德^[17]于2010―2014年对辽宁省的野生观赏草资源进行实地调查,共采集标本205份,记录野生观赏草的种类、观赏部位、观赏时期,并压制标本后经过专家鉴定确定种名 ...

... 7%的观赏草具有耐旱性,该结果与辽宁省的地理气候条件有很大关系,董厚德^[17]和吴孤樵^[29]认为辽宁省大部分山脉走向为东北-西南方向,具有湿地、盐碱地、沙地及低山丘陵等多种地形,且降水量从东南向西北递减,形成森林带、森林草原带和草原带的植被特征,这种特殊植被特征和生境多样化相结合,使得辽宁省的野生观赏草具有很强的抗性 ...

1988

0.0

... 据《辽宁省植物志》记载,辽宁省共有高等植物56科389属的1 025种、105变种、14变型^[18] ...

2010

0.0

... 刘英和方兴^[19]对辽宁省几种野生观赏草资源初步研究后发现,野生观赏草不仅适应性强、还具很高的观赏利用价值 ...

2005

0.0

... 灰色关联分析法(Grey-correlation analysis)在农作物新品种评价中应用非常广泛^{[20,21,22,23]},且该方法主要对参试品种的主要性状进行综合描述和量化评估,能够较全面地评价品种的优劣 ...

... 邓聚龙^[20]提出灰色关联分析理论的应用主要是将各指标性状作为一个灰色系统,再将每个性状看作灰色系统中的一个因素,在此基础上计算系统中各因素的关联度,关联度越大其相似度就越高,反之则越低 ...

2015

0.0

韩汝旦, 姬奇武, 董宽虎. 应用灰色关联度对白羊草生产性能的综合评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(9): 1489-1495.

Han R

, Ji Q

, Dong K

Applying grey correlative degree analysis to comprehensively evaluate productive performance of Bothriochloai schaemum populations.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(9): 1489-1495. (in Chinese)

In the present study, adaptation performance characteristics including hay yield, hay fresh ratio, leaf stem ratio, plant height, stem diameter, internode number, leaf number, and crude protein of four B. ischaemum populations grown in the Jinzhong areas of Shanxi Province were measured and analyzed by the grey correlative system. The productive performance of Taigu population was best in the studied area, Pingding and Dai County populations followed, whereas the Pinglu population had relatively low adaptive productivities. The order of weight index in the grey correlation analysis was: Ash > NDF> ADF > stem diameter > internode length > leaf length > EE > biomass per plant > leaf width > plant height > leaf stem ratio > hay fresh ratio > CP > internode number > hay yield > leaf number.

对4个居群白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）在晋中的生长适应性性状指标，包括干草产量、干鲜比、叶茎比、株高、秆粗、节数、叶片数、粗蛋白质等，进行了灰色关联分析。结果表明，在晋中地区生产性能表现最好的是太谷居群，其次为平定和代县居群，而平鲁居群的生产性能较低。各项指标的权重大小顺序为：粗灰分>中性洗涤纤维>酸性洗涤纤维>秆粗>节间长>叶长>粗脂肪>单株干重>叶宽>株高>叶茎比>干鲜比>粗蛋白质>节数>干草产量>叶片数。

2015

0.0

王振南, 张清平, 陆姣云, 杨梅, 杨惠敏. 基于灰色关联度法的不同年龄紫花苜蓿草地土壤肥力评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1230-1236.

Wang Z

, Zhang Q

, Lu J

, Yang

, Yang H

Assessment of soil fertility in lucerne stand s of different ages using grey correlative degree analysis.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(8): 1230-1236. (in Chinese)

Soil fertility reflects the performance and growth potential of plant which is easily affected by the plant. In the perennial grasslandecosystem, the effect of forage age on the soil fertility has not been clearly elucidated yet. In the present study, the soil fertility in lucerne stands with six different ages were comprehensively analysed using grey correlative degree analysis to evaluate the effect of stand age on soil fertility. In different soil layers, the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total potassium were different in different lucerne stands cultivated in different years, and they differently varied with stand age. Using grey correlative degree analysis, the best soil fertility was observed in 5year old stands in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soils, the best soil fertility was observed in 8year old stands and the better soil fertility was observed in 5year old stands in 20-30 cm soils. Conclusively, in the Loess Plateau, the optimal utilisation age of lucerne was 5year old considering soil fertility.

土壤肥力能反映植物的生长潜力和表现，但又受到植物的影响。在多年生草地系统中，利用年限（牧草年龄）对土壤肥力的影响还没有准确的阐述。采用灰色关联度分析法，对6个年龄紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）草地土壤碳、氮、磷、钾等指标进行综合分析，以关联度进行排序对不同年龄草地土壤肥力进行评价。结果表明，在不同土层，紫花苜蓿草地土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、全磷、速效磷和全钾含量随年龄而变化的趋势不一致。运用灰色关联度分析后发现，0-10和10-20 cm土壤肥力最好的年龄均为5龄草地，而20-30 cm土壤肥力最好的年龄为8龄，5龄草地次之。因此，从土壤肥力角度可确定黄土高原地区5龄紫花苜蓿草地利用最佳。

2015

0.0

李春宏, 郭文琦, 张培通, 殷剑美, 韩晓勇, 王立. 江苏沿海滩涂地甜高梁农艺性状灰色关联度评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(2): 241-247.

Li C

, Guo W

, Zhang P

, Yin J

, Han X

, Wang

Evaluation of agronomic characteristics of sweet sorghum by gray relational grade analysis in coastal regionin Jiangsu Province.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(2): 241-247. (in Chinese)

In order to comprehensively evaluate agronomic characteristics of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in coastal soil in Jiangsu Province, 19 varieties of sweet sorghum were analyzed by gray relational grade involved in emergence rate, growth period, fresh to dry ratio, sugar brix, plant height, stem diameter, 1 000grain weigh, lodging rate, fresh forage yield and grain yield. The results showed that Zhongke 4 was the best variety with the highest weighted relational grade (0.831) and the excellent characteristics of good emergence, partial early maturity, high yield, lodging resistance and adaptability. The weighted relational grades of NJ003 was 0.779 and that of SN009 was 0.747 which occupied the second and third place, respectively. The evaluation results were essentially identical with the field performance of the tested varieties. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation provided a scientific evidence for sweet sorghum breeding in the region.

采用灰色关联度分析法，选择出苗率、生育期、鲜干比、糖锤度、株高、茎粗、千粒重、倒伏率、鲜草产量及籽粒产量等项目作为评价指标，综合评价19个甜高梁(Sorghum bicolor)品种（系）在江苏省沿海滩涂的农艺性状表现，结果表明,中科甜4号加权关联度最高，为0.831，综合性状优于其他品种（系），具有出苗好、偏早熟、丰产、抗倒伏、适应性广等优良特性；NJ003、SN009加权关联度分别为0.779、0.747，位居第2、3位，评价结果与品种的实际表现基本一致。因而，该评价方法可为甜高粱品种在该地区的选育及推广提供科学依据。

2006

0.0

武菊英, 滕文军, 王庆海, 孙振元. 多年生观赏草在北京地区的生长状况与观赏价值评价. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(5): 1145-1148.

Wu J

, Teng W

, Wang Q

, Sun Z

Evaluation of growth and ornamental value for introduced perennial ornamental grass in Beijing.

Acta Hoticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(5): 1145-1148. (in Chinese)

Growth and ornamental value of 20 introduced perennial ornamental grass were evaluated in Beijing by gray-correlation analysis based on the characters of p lant growth, ornamental value, inflorescence aesthetics, leaf color and over wintering survival etc. The results showed that Anemathele lessoniana and Imperata cylindrica were not suitable for growing in Beijing because of their low overwintering survivals. Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Stipa krylovii and Eragrostis curvula can be used for landscape in spring and their correlation degrees to perfect species were more than 0.80 in spring. Arundinella hirta, Elytrigia repens, Eragrostis curvula, M iscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’ and Pennisetum alopecuroides have good ornamental values in summer aswell as higher correlation degrees. The p lant color of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Arundinella hirta and Schizachyrium scoparium changed alongwith the season alternation, and their correlation degrees were higher than 0.80.

以生长状况、植株观赏价值、花序美感、株高等性状为评价指标, 利用灰色关联分析, 对20个多年生观赏草在北京地区春季、夏季和秋季的生长状况和观赏价值进行了综合评价。结果表明: Anemathele lessoniana 和 Imperata cylindrica 不能适于北京地区生长; Elytrigia repens 、 Festuca ovina 、 Eragrostis curvula 和 Stipa krylovii 在春季能产生优良的景观效果, 与理想种的关联度达0.80以上; Arundinella hirta、Elytrigia repens、Eragrostis curvula、Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’及 Pennisetum alopecuroides 的夏季景观效果很好, 与理想种的关联度均在0.70 以上; 而 Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’、 Spodiopogon sibiricus、A rundinella hirta 及 Schizachyrium scoparium 在秋季植株色彩变化明显, 与理想种的关联度均达0.80以上。

... 近年来,灰色系统理论在观赏草研究领域也有所应用^{[24,25,26,12]} ...

... 2 研究方法为了较准确地对观赏草的研究价值和观赏价值进行评价,在参照相关资料^[24,25,28]的基础上确定了评价标准(表1)以筛选出选择适应性广、观赏性优、景观显著的观赏草 ...

... 为分辨系数,其取值范围为0~1,本研究遵循武菊英等^[24,25]的模式将其取值为0 ...

... 灰色关联度分析主要是对参试品种的主要性状进行综合描述和量化评估,对品种的优劣进行较为全面地评价,在观赏草中的应用已有研究,武菊英等^[24,25]和李秀玲等^[26]均提出采用灰色关联分析方法对观赏草进行评价的关键在于构造一个理想的参考草种,参考草种的评价标准是否准确与全面直接影响参试草种评价结果的可靠性,在此基础上,对各供试草种多个性状定性分析,克服了传统的打分制评价法的弊端,评价结果具有较强的可比性和可靠性 ...

2006

0.0

武菊英, 滕文军, 王庆海. 耐旱多年生观赏草春季观赏性评价. 华北农学报, 2006, 21(1): 129-132.

Wu J

, Teng W

, Wang Q

Evaluation of ornamental characters of introduced drought-tolerant perennial ornamental grasses in spring. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2006, 21(1): 129-132. (in Chinese)

Ornamental characters of 20 introduced Drought-tolerent perennial Ornamental Grasses were evaluated using gray-correlation analysis based on the plant growing situation,ornamental character,inflorescence aesthetic feeling,leaf color and overwintering survive rate.The results showed that Elytrigia repens,Festuca ovina,Stipa krylovii,Arrhenatherum elatius and Eragrostis curvula have better ornamental effects and can be used for landscaping directly.The correlation degree of Anemathele lessoniana and Imperata cylindrical with ideal species are very low,only 0.4435 and 0.5535,respectively.The ornamental value of rundo donax is highter,but its overwrintering survival rate is very poor.

以植株长势、观赏性、花序美感、叶片颜色及越冬成活率等为评价指标，利用灰色关联分析，对20个耐旱多年生观赏草品种越冬能力和春季景观效果进行了综合评价，结果表明： Elytrigia repens，Festuca ovina，Stipa krylovii，Ar-rhenatherum elatius，Eragrostis curvula 5种观赏草与理想品种的关联度较高，具有很好的景观效果，可直接应用于园林美化，且各有优势； Anemathele lessoniana 和 Imperata cylindrical 春季观赏价值较低，与理想品种的关联度分别为0.4435与0.5535；Arundo donax虽具一定的观赏性，但越冬成活率低。

... 近年来,灰色系统理论在观赏草研究领域也有所应用^{[24,25,26,12]} ...

... 为分辨系数,其取值范围为0~1,本研究遵循武菊英等^[24,25]的模式将其取值为0 ...

2010

0.0

李秀玲, 刘君, 宋海鹏, 赵海明, 杨志民. 13种观赏草在南京地区夏秋两季观赏价值的灰色关联分析. 草业科学, 2010, 27(2): 39-44.

Li X

, Liu

, Song H

, Zhao H

, Yang Z

Gray-correlation analysis on ornamental value of thirteen ornamental grasses during summer and autumn in Nanjing area.

Pratacultural Science, 2010, 27(2): 39-44. (in Chinese)

Ornamental grass as a new kind of plantdesign materials has great value in the construction of city green spaces and ecological landscape. Ornamental characters of 13 species of ornamental grasses were evaluated using graycorrelation analysis based on the oversummering survive rate, the plant growing situation, ornamental character, inflorescence aesthetic feeling and leaf color. The results showed that seven ornamental grasses, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Imperata cylindrical cv.‘Red Baron’, Phalaris arundinacea var. picta, Cymbopogon citrates, Cortaderia selloana cv.‘Silver Comet’, Carex oshimensis cv.‘Vergold’, Acorus gramineus cv.‘Ogon’, were better in ornamental and landscaping effects as they keep steady ornamental values in summer and autumn. Some ornamental grasses, such as Miscanthus sinensis cv.‘Zebrinus’, Cortaderia selloana, M．sinensis cv.‘Variegatus’, M． Sinensis cv.‘Gracillimus’, have a high ornamental values in autumn since they flower in that season. Festuca ovina var.glauca has a ornamental value in silverblue leaves in the early growing phase. Stipa tenuissima does not adapt to the conditions of Nanjing.

观赏草作为一种新型的植物造景材料，日益成为城市园林绿化的重要组成部分，对其观赏性的综合评价也变得尤为重要。以成活率、生长状况、植株观赏价值、花序美感及叶片颜色为评价指标，采用灰色关联分析对13种多年生观赏草夏秋两季的观赏价值进行了综合评价。结果表明：狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides、红叶白茅Imperata cylindrical cv.‘Red Baron’、花叶虉草Phalaris arundinacea var. picta、香茅Cymbopogon citratus、花叶蒲苇Cortaderia selloana cv.‘Silver Comet’、金叶苔草Carex oshimensis cv.‘Vergold’和欧根金线蒲Acorus gramineus cv.‘Ogon’7种观赏草观赏价值较高，且夏秋两季观赏价值变化不大；斑叶芒Miscanthus sinensis cv.‘Zebrinus’、蒲苇C. selloana、细叶芒M. sinensis cv.‘Gracillimus’、花叶芒M. sinensis cv.‘Variegatus’4种观赏草秋季花序盛开，观赏价值较夏季有较大幅度的提高；蓝羊茅Festuca ovina var.glauca叶片银蓝色，叶形色泽美观，初夏观赏价值较高，但随着时间的推进出现枯黄现象导致其观赏价值明显降低；细茎针茅Stipa tenuissima夏秋两季的观赏性评价均较低，不适合用于夏秋两季南京地区的景观绿化。

... 近年来,灰色系统理论在观赏草研究领域也有所应用^{[24,25,26,12]} ...

2010

0.0

樊智丰, 彭建松. 云南省野生观赏草资源. 中国野生植物资源, 2010, 29(1): 32-35.

Fan Z

, Peng J

Study of wild ornamental grass resources in Yunnan Province.

Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 2010, 29(1): 32-35. (in Chinese)

观赏草是一种新型的植物造景材料,在城市绿地建设和生态景观建设中有很大的应用价值,目前尚未引起国人的足够重视.通过对云南省野生观赏草资源现状的调查,得出云南省观赏草共有11科77属162种.主要集中在滇西北地区.根据调查结果,从园林应用和形态学角度出发,对云南地区观赏草种质资源进行株型、叶片、花序的观赏性分析. Abstract： Ornamental grass is a new landscape material and has important applied value in green space construction and ecosystem construction,but people haven't attach enough importance to it in China.This text passed through the survey of present condition that is wild ornamental grass resources in Yunnan province,get the Yunnan province ornamenLal grass to totally have 11 families 77 genera 162 species,mainly distributed in the northwest region of Yunnan.According to investigation results,starting from the points of landscape application and morphology,analyzing towards the ornamental characteristics of plant type,leaves and inflorescence to ornamental grass germplasm resources in Yunnan region.

... 2 辽宁省野生观赏草观赏性状的灰色关联分析按照表1评价标准以及樊智丰和彭建松^[27]的打分细则,对103种野生观赏草的观赏性状进行打分评价(表3) ...

0.0

1990

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2012

0.0

2002

0.0

尚新刚, 王建华, 李建龙. 新型灰色关联度分析法在天山北坡天然草地类型质量评价中的应用. 中国草地学报, 2002, 23(6): 16-20.

Shang X

, Wang J

, Li J

An application of the grey relative analysis to the evaluation of grassland quality of north part of Tianshan moutain.

Grassland of China, 2001, 23(6): 16-20. (in Chinese)

采用不同类型天然草地的优良可食牧草产量、生物产量、化学营养成分、载畜量等定量指标,应用新型灰色关联度分析法,对天山北坡中段地区的7个草地类和33个草地型质量进行定量分析和综合评价,结果表明:利用灰色关联度分析法对天然草地质量类的综合评价效果较好,但对复合型不易明确区分,可适用于对不同草地型一级进行科学准确的评价,以指导草业生产和安排合理的载畜量.

... 尚新刚等^[31]采用加权关联度和等全关联度同时分析的方法对草地类型质量进行评价,王庆海等^[32]采用模糊综合评判法对观赏草进行景观评价 ...

2005

0.0

王庆海, 武菊英, 腾文军. 模糊综合评判在观赏草景观效果评价中的应用. 北京园林, 2005, 21(4): 40-42.

Wang Q

, Wu J

, Teng W

The utilization of fuzzy synthetic assessment in land scape evaluation of ornamental grasses.

Beijing Gardens, 2005, 21(4): 40-42. (in Chinese)

摘　要：本方法根据最观评价指标选取的科学性、目的性和实用性原则．从景观生态美学．资源价值和视觉价值三个方面构建了观赏草景现效果评价指标体系．在此基础上．应用模糊综合评判方法进行了观赏草景观评价。分析结果认为该方法适用于观赏草景观效果的分析评价.

... 尚新刚等^[31]采用加权关联度和等全关联度同时分析的方法对草地类型质量进行评价,王庆海等^[32]采用模糊综合评判法对观赏草进行景观评价 ...