郭艳娥, 李芳, 李应德, 段廷玉. AM真菌促进植物吸收利用磷元素的机制. 草业科学, 2016,33(12):2379-2390
Guo Yan-e, Li Fang, Li Ying-de, Duan Ting-yu. Progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(12): 2379-2390
Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development, and it is also indispensable for plant metabolism. Deficiency of P greatly limits crop growth in one-third to one-half of cultivated land in China. Symbiotic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widespread, and is of particular importance to improving plant P uptake efficiency. This paper summarizes progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi in the promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants, including aspects of mycorrhizal morphological features, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. In addition, we discuss research on the potential of growth-promoting mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi. AMF can form a dense network of hyphae in rhizosphere soil and root cortical cells, increase the absorptive surface areas of the root system, reduce nutrient transport distances, excrete phosphatase, organic acid, and protons, and dissociate insoluble phosphate and the specific expression of phosphate transporter genes.
Keyword:
mycorrhiza; morphological features; physiological and biochemical responses; phosphate transporter
提高根系细根直径、长度和表面积。 diameter, length, and surface area of fine roots increased.
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摩西球囊霉, 地表球囊霉 Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiforme
白三叶 Trifolium repens
温室 greenhouse
诱导一级、二级和三级侧根的发生, 增加了根系投影面积、表面积、体积和总长度。 the number of first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots, projected area, surface area, volume, and total length significantly increased.
显著增加根系生物量、总根长、 根体积和根表面积, 降低根平均直径。 biomass, total length, volume, and surface area of root system significantly increased, average root diameter significantly decreased.
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表1 AM真菌对植物根系生长及形态的影响Table 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant root growth and morohology
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宋会兴, 钟章成, 王开发. 土壤水分和接种 VA 菌根对构树根系形态和分形特征的影响. 林业科学, 2007, 43(7): 142-147. Song HX, Zhong ZC, Wang KF. Effects of soil moisture and VAM inoculation on root morphology and fractal character in Broussonetia papyrifera. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 142-147. (in Chinese)
Effects of Glomus mosseae and water stress on morphology and fractal characteristic of root system in Broussonetia papyrifera were studied in this paper based on scanner-based image analysis. The results showed that drought and VAM inoculation had a large, significant effect on plant development. Biomass, total length, surface area, volume, number of root nodes, average diameter and fractal dimension of root system in B. papyrifera decreased with the reduction of soil moisture, while they were increased by VAM inoculation. Special root length in non-AM plants increased when soil moisture was reducing, but it was decreased by VAM inoculation. It was concluded that G. mosseae inoculation improved the drought resistance of B. papyrifera , especially in moderate stressed conditions. The contribution of AM symbiosis to plant to avoid the stress or to increase its tolerance might be the result of modification of root morphology and fractal character.
1. School of Life Science, Southwest University Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education Chongqing 400715; 2. School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165; 3. College of Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038
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邹英宁, 吴强盛, 李艳, 黄咏明. 丛枝菌根真菌对枳根系形态和蔗糖, 葡萄糖含量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(4): 1125-1129. Zou YN, Wu QS, LiY, Huang YM. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root system morphology sucrose and glucose contents of Poncirus trifoliata. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(4): 1125-1129. (in Chinese)
The effects of inoculation with Glomus mosseae, G. versiforme , and their mixture on plant growth, root system morphology, and sucrose and glucose contents of trifoliate orange ( Poncirus trifoliata L.) were studied by pot culture. The results showed that all the inoculated treatments significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass. In addition, the mycorrhizal treatments significantly increased the number of lst, 2nd, and 3rd lateral roots. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the root projected area, surface area, volume, and total root length (mainly 0-1 cm root length), but decreased the root average diameter. Meanwhile, G. versiforme showed the best effects. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased the leaf sucrose and root glucose contents, but decreased the leaf glucose and root sucrose contents. Owing to the ‘mycorrhizal carbon pool’ in roots, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted in high glucose content and low sucrose content of roots, which would facilitate the root growth and development, thereby the establishment of better root system morphology of host plants.
(College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China)
张中峰, 张金池, 黄玉清, 郭晓平, 杨慧, 邓艳. 水分胁迫和接种菌根真菌对青冈栎根系形态的影响. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(5): 1198-1204. Zhang ZF, Zhang JC, Huang YQ, Guo XP, YangH, DengY. Effects of water stress and mycorrhizal fungi on root morphology of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(5): 1198-1204. (in Chinese)
Cyclobalanopsis glauca is a common afforestation species in the karst rocky desertified region of Southwest China. We used two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (Gm) and Glomus intraradices (Gi), an ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt), and mixed mycorrhizal fungi to inoculate C. glauca seedlings. The seedlings were maintained under three soilwater conditions: well watered, moderate drought, and serious drought. Then, the root scanner Epson Perfection V700 and root analysis software WinRhizo were used to measure root morphological indexes, in order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and drought stress on the C. glauca seedlings. The results showed that under the two conditions of drought stress, root biomass, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of the inoculated seedlings were significantly improved, while average root diameter decreased significantly. Under moderate drought stress, root surface area of the seedlings treated with Pt was significantly higher than that of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi, while the average root diameter of the seedlings treated with Pt was smaller than that of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi. However, under severe drought stress, root biomass and root volume of the seedlings treated with Pt were significantly lower than those of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi, while average root diameter of the seedlings treated with Pt was significantly larger than that of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi. The correlation of mycorrhizal infection rate with root biomass and total root length was positive. This experiment suggests that the root morphology of C. glauca seedlings was changed by the mycorrhizal fungi, which promoted the accumulation and allocation of carbohydrates to the roots of C. glauca under conditions of drought stress.
( 1 Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Rocky Desertification Control, Ministry of Land and Resources; Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources/Guangxi Autonomous Region, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; 2 Guangxi Key Laborotary of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Region, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; 3 College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)
张俊伶, 李晓林, 左元梅, 杨志福. 三叶草根间菌丝桥传递衰亡根系中磷的作用. 生态学报, 1998, 18(6): 589-594. Zhang JL, Li XL, Zuo YM, Yang ZF. Underground P transfer among roots of red clover via VAM hyphae links. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1998, 18(6): 589-594. (in Chinese)
Five compartments were designed to examine 32 P transfer via vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae link among roots of red clover:the central compartment for the growth of donor and receiver plants and two outer ones for water and hyphae growth.Compartmentation was accomphlished by a 30μm nylon net mesh where hyphae could penetrate and grew while plant roots couldn't . 32 P was mixed into the outer compartment for donor plant and Glomus mosseae was inoculated in the root compartment ...
The history of studies on the ectomycorrhiza in the past century is briefly reviewed in this paper, with emphasis on investigations in ectomycorrhizal resources, identification and taxonomy, ecology, physiology, molecular biology, and biotechnology. (1) Ectomycorrhizal resource investigation. It is evident that numerous fungi and plants form a wide diversity of ectomycorrhizal association. Representatives of such diverse plant families are the Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Salicaceae, Betulaceae and Fagaceae. C...
毕国昌, 臧穆, 郭秀珍. 滇西北高山针叶林区主要林型下外生菌根真菌的分布. 林业科学, 1989, 25(1): 33-39. Bi GC, ZangM, Guo XZ. Distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi under several chief forest types in alpine coniferou region of northwestern Yunnan. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 1989, 25(1): 33-39. (in Chinese)
A survey of ectomycorrhizal fungi was carried out under 7 chief forest types in alpine coniferous forests between altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province in Summers of 1985 and 1986 by use of method of observation in standard stands. During the 2 years, 26 stands were investigated, which were grouped into 7 forest types. Under these forests were also collected more than 500 higher fungal specimens, 140 ectomycorrhizal specimens and 20 soil samples. There are 33 genera about 140 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi listed under these 7 forest types. Their distribution shows a certain regularity, it varies with the tree species, soils and topographic factors, such as altitude, aspects, slope position and steepness of slopes. The common ectomycorrhizal fungi presenting in all the forest types are those of genera Amanita, Cortinarius, Russula, Lactarius, Laccaria, Cantharellus, Boletus and Suillus , but their species and abundance in the different forests may be different. this paper is also attached a list of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their distribution under these 7 forest types.
Graduate School, Academia Sinica;Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica;Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
Wheat genotypic differences were studied in solving tricalcium phosphatase, excreting acid phosphatase and redox activity in rhizosphere in hydroponics, in situ visualization. Phosphorus influx kinetics was genotypically compared as well in ion depletion technique. The efficient genotypes such as Lovrin 10 won a marked advantage over the inefficient ones such as Chinese Spring not only in root morphology but also in physiology and biochemistry: amount of solving tricalcium phosphate, excretion and activity of acid phophatase, oxygenation capacity of reduced methylene blue (MEB), reducing ability to 2,3,4-triphenyl tetrzolium chloride (TTC), Imax among P influx parameters etc. Moreover, 25%~30% higher in excretion of organic carbon from the root and 97.41%~151. 10% quicker rate of Ca influx were both very important characters of effcient genotypes.
Upland Res. Center CAAS Beijing 100081;Res. Center for Eco-Envirenmetal Sci Academid Sinica;Beijing 100085 Inst;of Genetics Academia Sinica. Beijing 100101