郭艳娥, 李芳, 李应德, 段廷玉. AM真菌促进植物吸收利用磷元素的机制. 草业科学, 2016,33(12):2379-2390
Guo Yan-e, Li Fang, Li Ying-de, Duan Ting-yu. Progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(12): 2379-2390
Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development, and it is also indispensable for plant metabolism. Deficiency of P greatly limits crop growth in one-third to one-half of cultivated land in China. Symbiotic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widespread, and is of particular importance to improving plant P uptake efficiency. This paper summarizes progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi in the promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants, including aspects of mycorrhizal morphological features, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. In addition, we discuss research on the potential of growth-promoting mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi. AMF can form a dense network of hyphae in rhizosphere soil and root cortical cells, increase the absorptive surface areas of the root system, reduce nutrient transport distances, excrete phosphatase, organic acid, and protons, and dissociate insoluble phosphate and the specific expression of phosphate transporter genes.
Keyword:
mycorrhiza; morphological features; physiological and biochemical responses; phosphate transporter
提高根系细根直径、长度和表面积。 diameter, length, and surface area of fine roots increased.
[22]
摩西球囊霉, 地表球囊霉 Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiforme
白三叶 Trifolium repens
温室 greenhouse
诱导一级、二级和三级侧根的发生, 增加了根系投影面积、表面积、体积和总长度。 the number of first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots, projected area, surface area, volume, and total length significantly increased.
显著增加根系生物量、总根长、 根体积和根表面积, 降低根平均直径。 biomass, total length, volume, and surface area of root system significantly increased, average root diameter significantly decreased.
[24]
表1 AM真菌对植物根系生长及形态的影响Table 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant root growth and morohology
Hart MM, Reader RJ, Klironomos JN. Plant coexistence mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. , 2003, 18(8): 418-423. [本文引用:1]
[10]
CozzolinoV, Meo VD, PiccoloA. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi applications on maize production and soil phosphorus availability. , 2013, 129: 40-44. [本文引用:1]
[11]
贺学礼, 赵丽莉, 周春菊, 李生秀. VA菌根真菌对大蒜幼苗生理特性的影响. , 1999, 8(2): 84-86. He XL, Zhao LL, Zhou CJ, Li SX. Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the physiological characters of garlic seedling. , 1999, 8(2): 84-86. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[12]
OsonubiO. Comparative effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on growth and phosphorus uptake of maize (Zea mays L. ) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. ) plants under drought-stressed conditions. , 1994, 18(1): 55-59. [本文引用:1]
[13]
戴开军, 龚宏伟. VA 菌根对冬小麦幼苗生长的影响. , 2002, 5(2): 34-36. Dai KJ, Gong HW. VA Glomus mosseae effect on growth of winter wheat sprout. , 2002, 5(2): 34-36. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[14]
RakshitA, Bhadoria PS. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length on simulation of P influx with the mechanistic model. , 2009, 3(1): 1-4. [本文引用:1]
[15]
YaoQ, Wang LR, Zhu HH, Chen JZ. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on root system architecture of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. ) seedlings. , 2009, 121(4): 458-461. [本文引用:2]
[16]
Solís-Domínguez FA, Valentín-VargasA, ChoroverJ, Maier RM. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant biomass and the rhizosphere microbial community structure of mesquite grown in acidic lead/zinc mine tailings. , 2011, 409(6): 1009-1016. [本文引用:2]
[17]
SchellenbaumL, BertaG, RavolanirinaF, TisserantB, GianinazziS, Fitter AH. Influence of endomycorrhizal infection on root morphology in a micropropagated woody plant species (Vitis vinifera L. ). , 1991, 68(2): 135-141. [本文引用:1]
[18]
Wu QS, Peng YH, Zou YN, Liu CY. Exogenous polyamines affect mycorrhizal development of Glomus mosseae-colonized citrus (Citrus tangerine) seedlings. , 2010, 36: 254-258. [本文引用:1]
[19]
Wu QS, He XH, Zou YN, Liu CY, XiaoJ, LiY. Arbuscular mycorrhizas alter root system architecture of Citrus tangerine through regulating metabolism of endogenous polyamines. , 2012, 68(1): 27-35. [本文引用:1]
[20]
宋会兴, 钟章成, 王开发. 土壤水分和接种 VA 菌根对构树根系形态和分形特征的影响. , 2007, 43(7): 142-147. Song HX, Zhong ZC, Wang KF. Effects of soil moisture and VAM inoculation on root morphology and fractal character in Broussonetia papyrifera. , 2007, 43(7): 142-147. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[21]
袁丽环, 闫桂琴, 朱志敏. 丛枝菌根 ( AM) 真菌对翅果油树幼苗根系的影响. , 2009, 29(3): 580-585. Yuan LH, Yan GQ, Zhu ZM. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the seedling roots of Elaeagnus mollis , 2009, 29(3): 580-585. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[22]
王如岩, 于水强, 张金池, 周垂帆, 陈莉莎. 干旱胁迫下接种菌根真菌对滇柏和楸树幼苗根系的影响. , 2012, 36(6): 23-27. Wang RY, Yu SQ, Zhang JC, Zhou CF, Chen LS. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the root of Cupressus duclouxiana and Catalpa bungei seedlings under drought stress. , 2012, 36(6): 23-27. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[23]
邹英宁, 吴强盛, 李艳, 黄咏明. 丛枝菌根真菌对枳根系形态和蔗糖, 葡萄糖含量的影响. , 2014, 25(4): 1125-1129. Zou YN, Wu QS, LiY, Huang YM. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root system morphology sucrose and glucose contents of Poncirus trifoliata. , 2014, 25(4): 1125-1129. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[24]
张中峰, 张金池, 黄玉清, 郭晓平, 杨慧, 邓艳. 水分胁迫和接种菌根真菌对青冈栎根系形态的影响. , 2015, 34(5): 1198-1204. Zhang ZF, Zhang JC, Huang YQ, Guo XP, YangH, DengY. Effects of water stress and mycorrhizal fungi on root morphology of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings. , 2015, 34(5): 1198-1204. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[25]
Li XL, GeorgeE, MarschnerH. Extension of the phosphorus depletion zone in VA-mycorrhizal white clover in a calcareous soil. , 1991, 136(1): 41-48. [本文引用:1]
刘润进, 陈应龙. 菌根学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007. Liu RJ, Chen YL. Beijing: Science Press, 2007. (in Chinese)[本文引用:2]
[28]
BucherM, RauschC, DaramP. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of phosphorus uptake into plants. , 2001, 164(2): 209-217. [本文引用:1]
[29]
Kytöviita MM, VestbergM, TuomiJ. A test of mutual aid in common mycorrhizal networks: Established vegetation negates benefit in seedlings. , 2003, 84(4): 898-906. [本文引用:1]
[30]
Heap AJ, Newman EI. Links between roots by hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. , 1980, 85(2): 169-171. [本文引用:1]
[31]
Finlay RD, Read DJ. The structure and function of the vegetative mycelium of ectomycorrhizal plants. I. Translocation of 14C-labelled carbon between plants interconnected by a common mycelium. , 1986, 103(1): 157-165. [本文引用:1]
[32]
Newman EI, Devoy C L N, Easen N J, Fowles K J. Plant species that can be linked by VA mycorrhizal fungi. , 1994: 691-693. [本文引用:1]
[33]
Bethlenfalvay GJ, Reyes-Solis M G, Camel S B, Ferrera-Cerrato R. Nutrient transfer between the root zones of soybean and maize plants connected by a common mycorrhizal mycelium. , 1991, 82: 423-432. [本文引用:1]
[34]
IkramA, Jensen ES, JakobsenI. No significant transfer of N and P from Pueraria phaseoloides to Hevea brasiliensis via hyphal links of arbuscular mycorrhiza. , 1994, 26(11): 1541-1547. [本文引用:1]
[35]
艾为党, 张俊伶, 李隆, 李晓林, 冯固. , 1999(5): 615-618. Ai WD, Zhang JL, LiL, Li XL, FengG. , 1999(5): 615-618. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[36]
张俊伶, 李晓林, 左元梅, 杨志福. 三叶草根间菌丝桥传递衰亡根系中磷的作用. , 1998, 18(6): 589-594. Zhang JL, Li XL, Zuo YM, Yang ZF. Underground P transfer among roots of red clover via VAM hyphae links. , 1998, 18(6): 589-594. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[37]
Liu JF, Xia RX, Wang MY, WangP, Ran QQ, LuoY. Effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on AlPO4 uptake by Poncirus trifoliata. , 2008, 19(10): 2155-2160. [本文引用:1]
[38]
ShibataR, YanoK. Phosphorus acquisition from non-labile sources in peanut and pigeonpea with mycorrhizal interaction. , 2003, 24(2): 133-141. [本文引用:1]
[39]
HinsingerP. Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes: A review. , 2001, 237(2): 173-195. [本文引用:2]
[40]
陈龙池, 廖利平, 汪思龙, 肖复明. 根系分泌物生态学研究. , 2002, 21(6) : 57-62. Chen LC, Liao LP, Wang SL, Xiao FM. A review for research of root exudates ecology. , 2002, 21(6): 57-62. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[41]
Ryan PR, DelhaizeE, Jones DL. Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. , 2001, 52(1): 527-560. [本文引用:1]
[42]
Dakora FD, Phillips DA. Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low-nutrient environments. , 2002, 245(1): 35-47. [本文引用:1]
[43]
Bais HP, Weir TL, Perry LG, GilroyS, Vivanco JM. The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms. , 2006, 57: 233-266. [本文引用:1]
[44]
Tarafdar JC, JungkA. Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus. , 1987, 3(4): 199-204. [本文引用:1]
[45]
AsmarF, SinghT, Nielsen NE. Barley genotypes differ in activity of soluble extracellular phosphatase and depletion of organic phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil. , 1995, 172(1): 117-122. [本文引用:1]
[46]
Chen CR, Condron LM, Davis MR, Sherlock RR. Phosphorus dynamics in the rhizosphere of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don. ). , 2002, 34(4): 487-499. [本文引用:1]
[47]
于富强, 刘培贵. 外生菌根研究及应用的回顾与展望. , 2002, 22(12): 2217-2226. Yu FQ, Liu PG. Reviews and prospects of the ectomycorrhizal research and application. , 2002, 22(12): 2217-2226. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[48]
毕国昌, 臧穆, 郭秀珍. 滇西北高山针叶林区主要林型下外生菌根真菌的分布. , 1989, 25(1): 33-39. Bi GC, ZangM, Guo XZ. Distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi under several chief forest types in alpine coniferou region of northwestern Yunnan. , 1989, 25(1): 33-39. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[49]
宋勇春, 冯固, 李晓林. 不同磷源对红三叶草根际和菌根际磷酸酶活性的影响. , 2003, 14(5): 781-784. Song YC, FengG, Li XL. Effects of different P sources on phosphatase activity of mycorrhizosphere of red clover inoculated with AMF. , 2003, 14(5): 781-784. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[50]
Amaya-CarpioL, Davies FT, FoxT, HeC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic fertilizer influence photosynthesis, root phosphatase activity, nutrition, and growth of Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa. , 2009, 47(1): 1-10. [本文引用:1]
[51]
Xie XY, Weng BS, Cai BP, Dong YR, Yan CL. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus supply on the growth and nutrient uptake of Kand elia obovata (Sheue, Liu & Yong) seedlings in autoclaved soil. , 2014, 75: 162-171. [本文引用:1]
[52]
Abdel-Fattah GM, Asrar AA, Al-Amri SM, Abdel-Salam EM. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilization on the gas exchange, growth and phosphatase activity of soybean (Glycine max L. ) plants. , 2014, 52(4): 581-588. [本文引用:1]
[53]
苏友波, 林春, 王三根. AM 菌根磷酸酶对玉米菌根际土壤磷的影响及其细胞化学定位. , 2003, 25(2): 115-119. Su YB, LiC, Wang SG. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phosphatase in utilizing soil P in the rhizosphere of corn. , 2003, 25(2): 115-119. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[54]
Wu QS, Zou YN, He XH. Differences of hyphal and soil phosphatase activities in drought-stressed mycorrhizal trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings. , 2011, 129(2): 294-298. [本文引用:1]
[55]
尹念辅, 杨兵, 李铁松, 戈峰. Bt棉与丛枝菌根真菌对植物根际土壤营养物质和土壤酶活性的影响. 农业环境与生态安全——第五届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集. 南京: 农业部环境保护科研监测所, , 2013. Yin NF, YangB, Li TS, GeF. Effects of Bt cotton and the incubation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the soil nutrients content and soil enzyme activity in plant rhizosphere. Agricultural Environment and Ecology Security, the Fifth National Agricultural Academic Conference on Environmental Science. Nanjing: Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Society of Agro-, 2013. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[56]
HäusslingM, MarschnerH. Organic and inorganic soil phosphates and acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of 80-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L. ) Karst. ]trees. , 1989, 8(2): 128-133. [本文引用:1]
[57]
WangF, Jiang RF, Kertesz MA, Zhang FS, FengG. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae mediating acidification can promote phytate mineralization in the hyphosphere of maize (Zea mays L. ). , 2013, 65: 69-74. [本文引用:1]
[58]
刘国栋, 李继云, 李振声. 低磷胁迫下小麦根系反应的基因型差异. , 1996, 2(3): 212-218. Liu GD, Li JY, Li ZS. The genotypic differences in response of wheat root system to low-phosphorus stress. , 1996, 2(3): 212-218. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[59]
张福锁, 曹一平. 根际动态过程与植物营养. , 1992, 29(3): 239-250. Zhang FS, Cao YP. Rhizosphere dynamics and plant nutrition. , 1992, 29(3): 239-250. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[60]
刘进法, 王鹏, 罗园, 谢亚超, 万渊, 夏仁学. 低磷胁迫下 AM 真菌对枳实生苗吸磷效应及根系分泌有机酸的影响. , 2010, 39(1): 9-13. Liu JF, WangP, LuoY, Xie YC, WanY, Xia RX. Effects of mycorrhizal fungus on absorbing phosphorus and excreting organic acids of Poncirus trifoliata seedlings under low-phosphorus stress. , 2010, 39(1): 9-13. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[61]
杨红军, 李勇, 黄建国. 磷与信号抑制剂对外生菌根真菌分泌草酸的调控作用. , 2015, 55(6): 788-794. Yang HJ, LiY, Huang JG. Effect of phosphorus supply and signal inhibitors on oxalate efflux in ectomycorrhizal fungi. , 2015, 55(6): 788-794. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[62]
KuangR, Chan KH, YeungE, Lim BL. Molecular and biochemical characterization of AtPAP15, a purple acid phosphatase with phytase activity, in Arabidopsis. , 2009, 151(1): 199-209. [本文引用:1]
[63]
Turner BL. Variation in pH optima of hydrolytic enzyme activities in tropical rain forest soils. , 2010, 76(19): 6485-6493. [本文引用:1]
[64]
VladimirK, MarcelB. Symbiotic phosphate transport in arbuscular mycorrhizas. , 2005, 10(1): 22-29. [本文引用:1]
[65]
CoxG, Moran KJ, Sand ersF, NockoldsC, Tinker PB. Translocation and transfer of nutrients in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Ⅲ. polyphosphate granules and phosphorus translocation. , 1980, 84(4): 649-659. [本文引用:1]
[66]
Solaiman MZ, EzawaT, KojimaT, SaitoM. Polyphosphates in intraradical and extraradical hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora margarita. , 1999, 65(12): 5604-5606. [本文引用:1]
[67]
谢贤安. 丛枝菌根共生体磷信号转运受体的发现及其分子机制的研究. , 2013. Xie XA. Transport and signaling through the AM symbioticphosphate transceptor. PhD Thesis. , 2013. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[68]
JavotH, Penmetsa RV, TerzaghiN, Cook DR, Harrison MJ. A Medicago truncatula phosphate transporter indispensable for the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. , 2007, 104(5): 1720-1725. [本文引用:2]
[69]
Smith SE, Read D J. MycorrhizalSymbiosis. New York: Academic Press, 2010. [本文引用:1]
[70]
NagyR, DrissnerD, AmrheinN, JakobsenI, BucherM. Mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway in tomato is phosphorus-repressible and transcriptionally regulated. , 2009, 181(4): 950-959. [本文引用:1]
[71]
Smith SE, Smith FA, JakobsenI. Functional diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses: The contribution of the mycorrhizal P uptake pathway is not correlated with mycorrhizal responses in growth or total P uptake. , 2004, 162(2): 511-524. [本文引用:1]
[72]
RauschC, DaramP, BrunnerS, JansaJ, LaloiM, LeggewieG, AmrheinN, BucherM. A phosphate transporter expressed in arbuscule-containing cells in potato. , 2001, 414: 462-470. [本文引用:1]
[73]
Harrison MJ, Dewbre GR, Liu JY. A phosphate transporter from Medicago truncatula involved in the acquisition of phosphate released by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. , 2002, 14(10): 2413-2429. [本文引用:2]
[74]
Grace EJ, CotsaftisO, TesterM, Smith FA, Smith SE. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inhibition of growth in barley cannot be attributed to extent of colonization, fungal phosphorus uptake or effects on expression of plant phosphate transporter genes. , 2009, 181(4): 938-949. [本文引用:1]
[75]
JavotH, PumplinN, Harrison MJ. Phosphate in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: Transport properties and regulatory roles. Plant, , 2007, 30(3): 310-322. [本文引用:1]
[76]
BreuillinF, SchrammJ, HajirezaeiM, AhkamiA, FavreP, DruegeU, HauseB, BucherM, KretzschmarT, BossoliniE, KuhlemeierC, MartinoiaE, FrankenP, ScholzU, ReinhardtD. Phosphate systemically inhibits development of arbuscular mycorrhiza in Petunia hybrida and represses genes involved in mycorrhizal functioning. , 2010, 64(6): 1002-1017. [本文引用:1]
[77]
MaedaD, AshidaK, IguchiK, Chechetka SA, HijikataA, OkusakoY, DeguchiY, IzuiK, HataS. Knockdown of an arbuscular mycorrhiza-inducible phosphate transporter gene of Lotus japonicus suppresses mutualistic symbiosis. , 2006, 47(7): 807-817. [本文引用:1]
[78]
Poulsen KH, RékaN, Gao LL, Smith SE, BucherM, Smith FA, JakobsenI. Physiological and molecular evidence for Pi uptake via the symbiotic pathway in a reduced mycorrhizal colonization mutant in tomato associated with a compatible fungus. , 2005, 168(2): 445-454. [本文引用:1]
[79]
TianH, Drijber RA, LiX, Miller DN, Wienhold BJ. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differ in their ability to regulate the expression of phosphate transporters in maize (Zea mays L. ). , 2013, 23(6): 507-514. [本文引用:2]
[80]
Burleigh SH, CavagnaroT, JakobsenI. Functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizas extends to the expression of plant genes involved in P nutrition. , 2002, 53(374): 1593-1601. [本文引用:2]
[81]
彭小伟. AM 真菌磷转运基因及其受体功能研究. , 2014. Peng XW. Phosphate transporter genes and their receptor function in AM fungi. Master Thesis. , 2014. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[82]
Karthikeyan AS, Varadarajan DK, Mukatira UT, D'Urzo M P, Damsz B, Raghothama K G. Regulated expression of Arabidopsis phosphate transporters. , 2002, 130(1): 221-233. [本文引用:1]
[83]
Mudge SR, Rae AL, DiatloffE, Smith FW. Expression analysis suggests novel roles for members of the Pht1 family of phosphate transporters in Arabidopsis. , 2002, 31(3): 341-353. [本文引用:1]
[84]
Schiinmann PH, Richardson AE, Vickers CE, DelhaizeE. Promoter analysis of the barley Phtl; 1 phosphate transporter gene identifies regions controlling root expression and responsiveness to phosphate deprivation. , 2004, 136: 4205-4214. [本文引用:1]
[85]
常小箭. 水稻磷酸盐转运蛋白基因家族的功能分析. , 2012. Chang XJ. Functional analysis of the Oryza sativa phosphate transporter gene family. Master Thesis. , 2012. (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[86]
Smith SE, JakobsenI, GrønlundM, Smith AF. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: Interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understand ing and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition. , 2011, 156(3): 1050-1057. [本文引用:1]
[87]
BenedettoA, MagurnoF, BonfanteP, LanfrancoL. Expression profiles of a phosphate transporter gene (GmosPT) from the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. , 2005, 15(8): 620-627. [本文引用:1]
[88]
FiorilliV, LanfrancoL, BonfanteP. The expression of GintPT, the phosphate transporter of Rhizophagus irregularis, depends on the symbiotic status and phosphate availability. , 2013, 237(5): 1267-1277. [本文引用:1]
[89]
Gómez-ArizaJ, BalestriniR, NoveroM, BonfanteP. Cell-specific gene expression of phosphate transporters in mycorrhizal tomato roots. , 2009, 45(8): 845-853. [本文引用:1]
[90]
FiorilliV, LanfrancoL, BonfanteP. The expression of GintPT, the phosphate transporter of Rhizophagus irregularis, depends on the symbiotic status and phosphate availability. , 2013, 237(5): 1267-1277. [本文引用:1]
[91]
BalestriniR, Gomez-ArizaJ, LanfrancoL, BonfanteP. Laser microdissection reveals that transcripts for five plant and one fungal phosphate transporter genes are contemporaneously present in arbusculated cells. , 2007, 20(9): 1055-1062. [本文引用:1]
[92]
HinsingerP. Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes: A review. , 2001, 237(2): 173-195. [本文引用:1]
宋会兴, 钟章成, 王开发. 土壤水分和接种 VA 菌根对构树根系形态和分形特征的影响. , 2007, 43(7): 142-147. Song HX, Zhong ZC, Wang KF. Effects of soil moisture and VAM inoculation on root morphology and fractal character in Broussonetia papyrifera. , 2007, 43(7): 142-147. (in Chinese)
Effects of Glomus mosseae and water stress on morphology and fractal characteristic of root system in Broussonetia papyrifera were studied in this paper based on scanner-based image analysis. The results showed that drought and VAM inoculation had a large, significant effect on plant development. Biomass, total length, surface area, volume, number of root nodes, average diameter and fractal dimension of root system in B. papyrifera decreased with the reduction of soil moisture, while they were increased by VAM inoculation. Special root length in non-AM plants increased when soil moisture was reducing, but it was decreased by VAM inoculation. It was concluded that G. mosseae inoculation improved the drought resistance of B. papyrifera , especially in moderate stressed conditions. The contribution of AM symbiosis to plant to avoid the stress or to increase its tolerance might be the result of modification of root morphology and fractal character.
1. School of Life Science, Southwest University Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education Chongqing 400715; 2. School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165; 3. College of Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038
1
2009
0.0
0.0
1
2012
0.0
0.0
1
2014
0.0
0.0
邹英宁, 吴强盛, 李艳, 黄咏明. 丛枝菌根真菌对枳根系形态和蔗糖, 葡萄糖含量的影响. , 2014, 25(4): 1125-1129. Zou YN, Wu QS, LiY, Huang YM. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root system morphology sucrose and glucose contents of Poncirus trifoliata. , 2014, 25(4): 1125-1129. (in Chinese)
The effects of inoculation with Glomus mosseae, G. versiforme , and their mixture on plant growth, root system morphology, and sucrose and glucose contents of trifoliate orange ( Poncirus trifoliata L.) were studied by pot culture. The results showed that all the inoculated treatments significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass. In addition, the mycorrhizal treatments significantly increased the number of lst, 2nd, and 3rd lateral roots. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the root projected area, surface area, volume, and total root length (mainly 0-1 cm root length), but decreased the root average diameter. Meanwhile, G. versiforme showed the best effects. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased the leaf sucrose and root glucose contents, but decreased the leaf glucose and root sucrose contents. Owing to the ‘mycorrhizal carbon pool’ in roots, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted in high glucose content and low sucrose content of roots, which would facilitate the root growth and development, thereby the establishment of better root system morphology of host plants.
(College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China)
张中峰, 张金池, 黄玉清, 郭晓平, 杨慧, 邓艳. 水分胁迫和接种菌根真菌对青冈栎根系形态的影响. , 2015, 34(5): 1198-1204. Zhang ZF, Zhang JC, Huang YQ, Guo XP, YangH, DengY. Effects of water stress and mycorrhizal fungi on root morphology of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings. , 2015, 34(5): 1198-1204. (in Chinese)
Cyclobalanopsis glauca is a common afforestation species in the karst rocky desertified region of Southwest China. We used two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (Gm) and Glomus intraradices (Gi), an ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt), and mixed mycorrhizal fungi to inoculate C. glauca seedlings. The seedlings were maintained under three soilwater conditions: well watered, moderate drought, and serious drought. Then, the root scanner Epson Perfection V700 and root analysis software WinRhizo were used to measure root morphological indexes, in order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and drought stress on the C. glauca seedlings. The results showed that under the two conditions of drought stress, root biomass, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of the inoculated seedlings were significantly improved, while average root diameter decreased significantly. Under moderate drought stress, root surface area of the seedlings treated with Pt was significantly higher than that of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi, while the average root diameter of the seedlings treated with Pt was smaller than that of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi. However, under severe drought stress, root biomass and root volume of the seedlings treated with Pt were significantly lower than those of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi, while average root diameter of the seedlings treated with Pt was significantly larger than that of the seedlings treated with Gm or Gi. The correlation of mycorrhizal infection rate with root biomass and total root length was positive. This experiment suggests that the root morphology of C. glauca seedlings was changed by the mycorrhizal fungi, which promoted the accumulation and allocation of carbohydrates to the roots of C. glauca under conditions of drought stress.
( 1 Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Rocky Desertification Control, Ministry of Land and Resources; Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources/Guangxi Autonomous Region, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; 2 Guangxi Key Laborotary of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Region, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; 3 College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)
张俊伶, 李晓林, 左元梅, 杨志福. 三叶草根间菌丝桥传递衰亡根系中磷的作用. , 1998, 18(6): 589-594. Zhang JL, Li XL, Zuo YM, Yang ZF. Underground P transfer among roots of red clover via VAM hyphae links. , 1998, 18(6): 589-594. (in Chinese)
Five compartments were designed to examine 32 P transfer via vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae link among roots of red clover:the central compartment for the growth of donor and receiver plants and two outer ones for water and hyphae growth.Compartmentation was accomphlished by a 30μm nylon net mesh where hyphae could penetrate and grew while plant roots couldn't . 32 P was mixed into the outer compartment for donor plant and Glomus mosseae was inoculated in the root compartment ...
于富强, 刘培贵. 外生菌根研究及应用的回顾与展望. , 2002, 22(12): 2217-2226. Yu FQ, Liu PG. Reviews and prospects of the ectomycorrhizal research and application. , 2002, 22(12): 2217-2226. (in Chinese)
The history of studies on the ectomycorrhiza in the past century is briefly reviewed in this paper, with emphasis on investigations in ectomycorrhizal resources, identification and taxonomy, ecology, physiology, molecular biology, and biotechnology. (1) Ectomycorrhizal resource investigation. It is evident that numerous fungi and plants form a wide diversity of ectomycorrhizal association. Representatives of such diverse plant families are the Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Salicaceae, Betulaceae and Fagaceae. C...
毕国昌, 臧穆, 郭秀珍. 滇西北高山针叶林区主要林型下外生菌根真菌的分布. , 1989, 25(1): 33-39. Bi GC, ZangM, Guo XZ. Distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi under several chief forest types in alpine coniferou region of northwestern Yunnan. , 1989, 25(1): 33-39. (in Chinese)
A survey of ectomycorrhizal fungi was carried out under 7 chief forest types in alpine coniferous forests between altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province in Summers of 1985 and 1986 by use of method of observation in standard stands. During the 2 years, 26 stands were investigated, which were grouped into 7 forest types. Under these forests were also collected more than 500 higher fungal specimens, 140 ectomycorrhizal specimens and 20 soil samples. There are 33 genera about 140 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi listed under these 7 forest types. Their distribution shows a certain regularity, it varies with the tree species, soils and topographic factors, such as altitude, aspects, slope position and steepness of slopes. The common ectomycorrhizal fungi presenting in all the forest types are those of genera Amanita, Cortinarius, Russula, Lactarius, Laccaria, Cantharellus, Boletus and Suillus , but their species and abundance in the different forests may be different. this paper is also attached a list of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their distribution under these 7 forest types.
Graduate School, Academia Sinica;Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica;Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
刘国栋, 李继云, 李振声. 低磷胁迫下小麦根系反应的基因型差异. , 1996, 2(3): 212-218. Liu GD, Li JY, Li ZS. The genotypic differences in response of wheat root system to low-phosphorus stress. , 1996, 2(3): 212-218. (in Chinese)
Wheat genotypic differences were studied in solving tricalcium phosphatase, excreting acid phosphatase and redox activity in rhizosphere in hydroponics, in situ visualization. Phosphorus influx kinetics was genotypically compared as well in ion depletion technique. The efficient genotypes such as Lovrin 10 won a marked advantage over the inefficient ones such as Chinese Spring not only in root morphology but also in physiology and biochemistry: amount of solving tricalcium phosphate, excretion and activity of acid phophatase, oxygenation capacity of reduced methylene blue (MEB), reducing ability to 2,3,4-triphenyl tetrzolium chloride (TTC), Imax among P influx parameters etc. Moreover, 25%~30% higher in excretion of organic carbon from the root and 97.41%~151. 10% quicker rate of Ca influx were both very important characters of effcient genotypes.
Upland Res. Center CAAS Beijing 100081;Res. Center for Eco-Envirenmetal Sci Academid Sinica;Beijing 100085 Inst;of Genetics Academia Sinica. Beijing 100101