韩云华, 王彦荣, 陶奇波. 种子激素引发. 草业科学, 2016,33(12):2494-2502
Han Yun-hua, Wang Yan-rong, Tao Qi-bo. Advances of seed hormonal priming. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(12): 2494-2502
Hormonal priming is an important component of seed priming. It has great significance for seed germination, seedling growth, stress tolerance and yield increase. Based on the current research situation, we summarized the concept and application range of hormonal priming, illustrated the positive effects of hormonal priming on plant growth. Furthermore, biochemistry and molecular mechanism of seed hormonal priming were explained. In addition, we pointed out that hormonal concentration, priming time and drying conditions are the most important factors that constraint the priming effect. To improve the research in the future, priming mechanism should be intensively studied based on the genomics and proteome approach, and increase the use of hormonal priming in grass species.
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闵丹丹, 范燕, 郭正刚, 胡小文. 紫花苜蓿种子水引发条件的优化. , 2016, 33(4): 669-673. Min DD, FanY, Guo ZG, Hu XW. Optimization of seed hydropriming conditions for Medicago sativa. , 2016, 33(4): 669-673. (in Chinese)
Failure of seedling establishment is one of the main reason limiting cultivation of Medicago sativa in arid rain-fed region of Loess Plateau. Seed priming has been proven to be an effective method for enhancing stress tolerance of seeds at the germination stage; and consequently increased seedling establishment. This study determined the optimal conditions for hydropriming of M. sativa cv. “Longdong” by manipulating priming temperature (10, 15, 20 ℃), duration (12, 24, 36, 48 h) and water addition (90%, 120%, 150% seed weight). The results showed that most priming treatments could significantly increased germination rate and seedling growth, but showed no effect on final germination percentage. The optimal response to hydropriming was achieved at 10 ℃ for 36 h with 90% water of original seed weight.
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730020, China
孙园园, 孙永健, 王明田, 李旭毅, 郭翔, 胡蓉, 马均. 种子引发对水分胁迫下水稻发芽及幼苗生理性质的影响. , 2010, 36(11): 1931-1940. Sun YY, Sun YJ, Wang MT, Li XY, GuoX, HuR, MaJ. Effects of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of rice under water stress. , 2010, 36(11): 1931-1940. (in Chinese)
Seeds of four different rice genotypes, Gangyou 527, Yangdao 6, Zhonghan 3 and Nongken 57, were treated with two priming method, H 2 O and different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Nonprimed or primed seeds were germinated under different water stress. The contents of proline, soluble protein (SP), total soluble sugars (SS), malonicdialdehyde (MDA), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) in seeds or stressed seedlings, and seed germination and rice seedling characteristics were determined. The results showed that significantly higher levels of proline and SP and lower levels of SS and the content of MDA in primed seeds were observed as compared with control (nonprimed seeds). Priming accelerated the process of glucose metabolism, improved the activities of PAL, SOD, CAT and POD in stressed different genotypic rice seeds, moreover, priming effects was relatively significant. Rice seeds could be initiated significantly better by the priming of proper PEG concentration than hydropriming. The results showed that the best priming conditions was 20% PEG for hybrid indica rice seeds, and 10%–15% PEG for conventional japonica rice seeds. Normal germination of rice seeds it was inhibited when PEG content was beyond the threshold. Response of hydroprimed seeds or PEG primed seeds on seedlings growth of different genotypic rice under different water stresses. Showed that the proper water stress could activate material metabolism, promote rice seeds germination, and significantly increase kinds of physiological index of seedlings in different genotypes of rice, such as morphological index and protective enzymes after the treatment of proper PEG content, But it went against and serious water stress to inhibited germination..It showed that although seed priming treatment could improve activity of rice seedlings, the coordination ability to external germinating environment by self-regulation was limited. It also indicated that indica rice had greater PEG tolerance than conventional japonica rice, but better priming effects were observed in hybrid indica rice.
1 Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; 2 Agrometeorological Center of Sichuan Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 610071, China
杨小环, 马金虎, 郭数进, 李新基, 李盛. 种子引发对盐胁迫下高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. , 2011, 19(1): 103-109. Yang XH, Ma JH, Guo SJ, Li XJ, LiS. (, 2011, 19(1): 103-109. (in Chinese)
Seeds of 2 sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) hybrid combinations of “Tx623A” × “89-363” (Sb1, a weak salt-tolerant cross combination) and “Hei30A” × “Dalizao” (Sb2, a strong salt-tolerant cross combination) were primed with 100 mmol・L -1 ?NaCl. The primed seeds were subjected to salt stresses of 4 NaCl concentrations (0, 50 mmol・L -1 , 100 mmol・L -1 ?and 150 mmol・L -1 ) in a sand culture experiment. The effects of the seed priming and salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress were then investigated. The results showed that with or without priming, seed emergence was significantly delayed. The rates of seed emergence and seedling survival also dropped significantly, while the seedling growth was inhibited, matter accumulation dropped with increased NaCl concentration. Compared with unprimed seeds under the same NaCl concentration, primed seeds had shorter emergence time, higher rates of emergence and seedling survival, higher dry/fresh shoot and root weight, higher contents of photosynthetic pigments, and lower Na + /K + ratio. The results suggested that seed priming promoted sorghum seed germination under salt stress, alleviated seedling damage by salt stress, accelerated seedling growth and increased seedling salt tolerance. Different effects were noted for cross combinations with different salt tolerance. The effects were much better for weaker salt-tolerant cross combinations.
温福平, 张檀, 张朝晖, 潘映红. 赤霉素对盐胁迫抑制水稻种子萌发的缓解作用的蛋白质组分析. , 2009, 35(3): 483-489. Wen FP, ZhangT, Zhang ZH, Pan YH. Proteome analysis of relieving effect of gibberellin on the inhibition of rice seed germination by salt stress. , 2009, 35(3): 483-489. (in Chinese)
Salinity stress is a major abiotic stress to most plant including rice. It has been reported that g ibberellic acid (GA 3 ) can exert a natural beneficial effect on salt stressed rice. In this paper, the effect of salt stress on rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv.Nipponbare) seed germination and the effect of GA 3 on salt-stressed rice were investigated. A proteomic approach was employed to further understand the relieving effect of gibberellin on the inhibition of rice seed germination by salt stress. The 5-day-old rice seedlings were treated with H 2 O (control), 5 g L -1 NaCl (treated group I), and 5 g L -1 NaCl + 100 μmol L -1 GA 3 (treated group II) for 48 h respectively. The proteins extracted from buds were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and analyzed with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The results showed that the seed germination of Nipponbare was inhibited by salt stress significantly (see Table 1), while GA 3 could reduce the inhibition significantly (see Table 2). Four protein spots showed differential expression in 2-DE. Three of these proteins were down-regulated (spots 1–3) and one protein disappeared (spots 4) under salt stress. Expression levels of these proteins were recovered partly when treated with GA 3 and NaCl at the same time (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Two protein spots were identified as isoflavone reductase-like protein and phosphoglucomutase (see Table 3). These differential expression proteins may play important role in the mechanism of the relieving effect of gibberellin on the inhibition of rice germination by salt stress.
1College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100,China;2Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081,China
用 粳稻日本晴 ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare ) , 研究了盐胁迫对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用 和 赤霉酸 ( GA 3 ) 对盐胁迫的缓解作用 ; 分别以 H 2 O ( 对照 ), 5 g L -1 NaCl ( 处理 I) , 5 g L -1 NaCl + 100 μ mol L -1 GA 3 ( 处理 II) 培养水稻种苗 48 h ,提取芽中的蛋白质, 利用双向电泳 ( 2-DE ) 和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱 ( MALDI-TOF MS ) 技术分析了水稻蛋白质组的变化。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,日本晴种子的萌发显著受到抑制 , 而 GA 3 能显著缓解这种抑制作用;用 ImageMaster 软件分析 2-DE 凝胶 , 发现有 4 个蛋白质斑点表现出显著的变化,在盐胁迫下斑点 S1 、 S2 和 S3 表达下调而斑点 S4 消失,在 GA 3 与盐共处理时,这 4 个蛋白质点的表达均有不同程度的恢复;经 MALDI-TOF MS 分析,其中 2 个蛋白质斑点 (S1 , S3 ) 分别被鉴定为 isoflavone reductase-like 蛋白与 葡萄糖磷酸变位酶,这些蛋白可能与 GA 3 提高水稻耐盐性途径相关。
郭慧琴, 任卫波, 李平, 武自念, 万东莉. 2, 4-表油菜素内酯和赤霉素互作对羊草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. , 2014, 31(6): 1097-1103. Guo HQ, Ren WB, LiP, Wu ZN, Wan DL. Effect of epi-brassinosteroid and gibberellin on seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus chinensis. , 2014, 31(6): 1097-1103. (in Chinese)
Leymus chinensis is one of the dominant species on the northern grassland of China. It has both high economic and high ecological value. However, the poor germination ability and deep dormancy of seed limit the grass production and utilization of L.chinensis . Plant hormone treatment is one of the efficient pathways to resolve these problems. Epi-brassinosteroid (EBR), one of the artificial synthesized materials with the similar biological function with BLs, has been proven to improve seed germination and seedling growth efficiently under both normal and stress condition. To our knowledge, few studies have been published to report the effect of EBR on seed germination and seedling growth of L.chinensis . Hence,this research is conducted to address two key questions: 1) Is there any positive effect of EBR on seed germination and seedling growth of L.chinensis ? 2) Is there any combined effect when two hormones are used together? The positive effect of EBR treatment on the seed germination and root growth are observed. The germination rate of EBR-treated seeds increases 2~4 times than that of the seeds been treated by water. Moreover, the root length of seedling developed by EBR treated seeds increases by 35%~40% compared with the control. Both the germination rate and seedling growth vary significantly ( P 3 ), the germination rate of seeds been treated by two hormones increase by 20%~30%, the leaf and root length of seedling developed from the seeds treated by two hormones increase by 49.14% and 51.34%, respectively. EBR does have positive effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of of L.chinensis . And the two-hormone treatment is better than that of single-hormone. The optimized combination of two hormones are EBR 0.10 μg·g -1 +GA 3 200 μg·g -1 and EBR 0.01 μg·g -1 +GA 3 200 μg·g -1 , which show the highest of seed germination rate and the best performance of seedling growth of L.chinensis .
1.College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; 2.Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
羊草( Leymus chinesis )是我国北方草原区优势种之一,具有重要的经济价值和生态价值。然而,种子休眠严重、发芽率低是当前困扰羊草建植与利用的关键问题。2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)是常用的植物调节剂,可以促进种子萌发和种苗生长。本研究以采集的野生羊草种子为材料,采用2,4-表油菜素内酯和赤霉素(GA 3 )溶液浸泡法,开展激素处理效应研究。结果表明,2,4-表油菜素内酯对羊草种子萌发及种苗根伸长有显著促进作用( P P 3 )之间存在显著正互作效应( P -1 +GA 3 200 μg·g -1 组合处理后羊草种子发芽率可提高30%,种苗长度增加49.14%,根长增加51.34%。以上结果说明,2,4-表油菜素内酯对羊草种子萌发及其种苗生长有显著促进作用( P -1 +GA 3 200 μg·g -1 和2,4-表油菜素内酯 0.01 μg·g -1 +GA 3 200 μg·g -1 效果最好。
潘龙, 谷文英. 硝普钠浸种对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. , 2013, 30(1): 58-62. PanL, Gu WY. Effects of soaking seeds in SNP on seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa. , 2013, 30(1): 58-62. (in Chinese)
Effects of soaking seeds in sodium nitropprusside (SNP) on seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were studied. The results showed that, 1) seed germination rate and growth of radical and hypocotyls of soaking in 50-100 μmol·L-1 SNP treatments were significantly higher than those in control, and they were up to 1.21,1.39 and 1.45 times as control, respectively; 2) The activity of POD in seedling was enhanced significantly, and MDA content in seedling was decreased to 35%, and significantly lower than those in the control group. For the seeds soaking in SNP with high concentration (>100 μmol·L-1), the germination rate began to drop and had no significantly different with control. At the same time, the trend of growth of radical and hypocotyls was slowing down. MDA content was increasing, but still lower than that in control, while the activity of POD was reducing significantly. In conclusion, alfalfa seed soaking in SNP can promote alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, improve seedling POD activity and reduce content of MDA. The appropriate concentration is 50-100 μmol·L-1.