秋水仙素和<sup>60</sup>Co-γ射线对无芒隐子草种子萌发的影响

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张代玉, 吴凡, 张吉宇, 王彦荣, 张岩, 罗栋. 秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-γ射线对无芒隐子草种子萌发的影响 . 草业科学, 2016,33(3):424-430
Zhang Dai-yu, Wu Fan, Zhang Ji-yu, Wang Yan-rong, Zhang Yan, Luo Dong. Effect of colchicines and ⁶⁰Co-γ-rays on germination of Cleistogenes songorica seeds . Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3): 424-430 复制到剪切板

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《草业科学》编辑部

秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-γ射线对无芒隐子草种子萌发的影响

张代玉, 吴凡, 张吉宇, 王彦荣, 张岩, 罗栋

草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃兰州 730020

张吉宇(1977-),男,甘肃民乐人,副教授,博士,研究方向为草类作物育种与生物技术.E-mail:[email protected]

第一作者:张代玉(1989-)女,甘肃靖远人,在读硕士生,研究方向为作物栽培与耕作学.E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2015-07-08

基金: 科技部"973"课题(2014CB138704); 国家自然科学基金(31572453)

摘要

通过不同剂量秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理,系统分析了无芒隐子草( Cleistogenes songorica)种子的发芽率,发芽指数及幼苗生长.结果表明,秋水仙素处理对无芒隐子草种子的发芽率和发芽指数有一定程度的抑制作用,经0.1%浓度处理48 h的种子,其发芽率和发芽指数分别为对照组的54.3%和43.3%,分别是41%和0.55;不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线对无芒隐子草种子的发芽率,发芽指数及幼苗生长产生不同的影响.低剂量(50~200 Gy)提高种子发芽率和发芽指数,高剂量(400~2 000 Gy)抑制种子发芽率,发芽指数及幼苗生长.其中,600 Gy辐射处理的发芽率为48.5%.因此,0.1%浓度处理48 h和600 Gy可分别作为秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理的半致死剂量.本研究初步确定的半致死剂量,可为进一步研究无芒隐子草种质资源创新提供理论依据.

关键词: 无芒隐子草; 秋水仙素; 60Co-γ射线; 发芽

中图分类号:S816 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2016)3-0424-07 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0234

Effect of colchicines and ⁶⁰Co-γ-rays on germination of Cleistogenes songorica seeds

Zhang Dai-yu, Wu Fan, Zhang Ji-yu, Wang Yan-rong, Zhang Yan, Luo Dong

State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

Corresponding author:Zhang Ji-yu E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

This experiment systematically analyzed germination percentage, germination index and seedlings growth of Cleistogenes songorica with different doses of colchicine's and⁶⁰Co-γ-rays treatments. The results showed that colchicine had certain degree of inhibition on seed germination of C. songorica. With the treatment of 0.1% colchicine solution for 48 h, the germination percentage and germination index were 54.3% and 43.3% of the control which were 41% and 0.55, respectively. However, the effects of⁶⁰Co-γ-rays on germination percentage, germination index and the growth of seedlings varied with does. Low doses(50~200 Gy)increased germination percentage and germination index whereas high doses(400~2 000 Gy)inhibited the germination percentage, germination index and seedling growth. The germination percentage was 48.5% under the treatment of 600 Gy. The present study preliminary determined the semi-lethal dose treatment was 0.1% colchicine solution for 48 h and 600 Gy⁶⁰Co-γ-rays, respectively, which provided a theoretical basis for the innovation of germplasm resources in C. songorica.

Keyword: Cleistogenes songorica; colchicine; 60Co-γ-rays; germination

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植物诱变技术可通过利用外界因素在短时间内获得有价值的突变体, 是育成新品种和创造新种质资源的重要方法.20世纪以来, 人们在植物创造突变体领域已取得了丰硕的成果, 其研究方法主要包括叠氮化物, 烷化剂和抗生素类等化学诱变和紫外线, X射线, γ 射线, 离子束和激光处理等物理诱变^[1], 其主要对象为大豆(Glycine max), 高粱(Sorghum bicolor), 小麦(Triticum aestivum), 水稻(Oryza sativa)和玉米(Zea may)等农作物^{[2, 3, 4, 5]}.我国牧草育种研究工作起步尚晚, 种质资源匮乏, 迫切需要育成创新种质资源.目前关于牧草诱变及应用的研究尚少.王文恩等^[6]以⁶⁰Co-γ 射线对狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)种子进行了诱变效应的研究, 得出辐射剂量大于350 Gy时, 抑制干种子发芽且随着剂量增大而加强.鲍智娟和邢秀芹^[7]用不同浓度的秋水仙素对甘草(Glycyrrhiaz uralensis)萌动种子经不同时间处理后, 结果表明, 0.2%浓度秋水仙素处理24 h效果最好.房永雨等^[8]利用不同浓度秋水仙素和不同处理时间对高丹草(Sorghum sudanense)杂交F₁种子的诱变效果进行了分析, 发现适宜的秋水仙素浓度和时间处理组合分别为0.1%, 24 h和0.05%, 36 h.

无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)为多年生禾本科植物, 是我国西北荒漠草原的重要优良牧草资源^{[9, 10, 11]}, 主要分布于中国内蒙古, 陕西, 宁夏, 甘肃, 青海及新疆等地, 具有抗旱, 耐寒等特点, 对促进西北地区畜牧业发展和维持脆弱生态系统具有重要作用^[12].前人对无芒隐子草的萌发^[13], 抗旱功能基因^[14]以及氮肥对其产量的影响^[15]等做了研究, 而秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-γ 射线对其种子的萌发及幼苗生长尚未见报道.本研究以内蒙古阿拉善荒漠草原的无芒隐子草种子为材料, 研究秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-γ 射线对其种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响, 旨在为无芒隐子草种质资源创新提供有价值的参考.

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

无芒隐子草种子于2010年9月采自内蒙古阿拉善荒漠草原, 将种子贮藏在4℃ 恒温种质库中待用.

1.2 方法

1.2.1 不同剂量秋水仙素对种子的处理参考张焕玲等^[16]用秋水仙素对杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)种子诱变的研究, 在室温下, 用质量分数0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%和0.3%的无菌秋水仙素分别浸泡种子24和48 h, 然后用消毒的纱布将种子包起来清水冲洗1~2 h, 每个处理100粒种子, 4次重复, 以未经处理的种子作为对照.

1.2.2 不同辐射剂量⁶⁰Co-γ 射线对种子的处理将无芒隐子草干种子装入硫酸纸小袋, 参考云锦凤^[17]对不同牧草辐照剂量的研究结果, 于2013年9月4日利用⁶⁰Co-γ 射线在兰州辐射技术开发中心辐射研究所进行辐射, 辐射剂量分别为50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000和1 200 Gy, 每个处理100粒种子, 4次重复, 以未经处理的种子作为对照.

1.2.3 发芽试验将未经处理的和不同诱变处理后的种子铺于滤纸上晾干, 所有种子用0.1%氯化汞消毒10 min, 无菌水冲洗至少3次, 后置于铺有两层滤纸(去离子水湿润)的培养皿(直径为10 cm)中, 25 ℃ 下培养(16 h光照和8 h黑暗), 每皿100粒种子, 4次重复, 以后每天统计发芽数, 当胚根长度大于1 mm统计为发芽, 持续14 d, 第12~14天无种子发芽, 则试验结束.第7天每培养皿均随机取10株各处理幼苗, 测定胚根和胚芽长并计算其发芽指数.发芽指数(GI)^[18]的计算公式为:GI= ∑ (G_t / D_t).G_t代表发芽第1, 2, 3, ..., t, 7天的种子发芽率, D_t为相应的种子发芽天数.

1.3 数据处理

试验数据均采用Excel 2007进行统计及制图, 并应用SPSS 16.0软件以LSD多重比较及Duncan's检验进行差异性检验.

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同剂量秋水仙素对无芒隐子草种子萌发的影响

不同浓度秋水仙素处理24和48 h的种子发芽率均低于对照, 且24 h处理的种子发芽率高于48 h处理的, 表明不同浓度的秋水仙素对无芒隐子草种子发芽有一定的抑制作用(图1).在所有处理中, 0.3%秋水仙素浸种处理48 h的种子最终发芽率最低, 为31%; 0.3%秋水仙素浸种处理24 h的种子最终发芽率最高, 为66.5%; 0.1%秋水仙素处理48 h的种子最终发芽率是41%, 为对照组发芽率的54.3%.

经不同浓度秋水仙素处理的无芒隐子草种子培养7 d后, 各处理下的无芒隐子草发芽指数均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)(图2).供试秋水仙素处理中, 0.3%浸种处理24 h的种子的发芽指数显著高于其它处理的; 0.3%浓度处理48 h的种子发芽指数在所有处理中最低, 为0.42; 0.1%秋水仙素处理48 h的种子发芽指数为0.55, 是对照组发芽指数的43.3%.

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	图1 秋水仙素处理对无芒隐子草种子发芽的影响Fig.1 Effects of liquid colchicum on seed germination of C. songorica

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	图2 秋水仙素处理对无芒隐子草发芽指数的影响Fig.2 Effects of liquid colchicum on germination index of C. Songorica

2.2 不同剂量秋水仙素对无芒隐子草幼苗生长的影响

不同浓度秋水仙素处理的种子培养7 d后, 无芒隐子草幼苗长显著小于对照的(P< 0.05)(图3), 表明秋水仙素对无芒隐子草的幼苗生长具有明显的抑制作用.不同处理间的幼苗胚芽长差异显著.当处理时间一定时, 随秋水仙素浓度的升高, 无芒隐子草种子胚根, 胚芽长呈下降趋势, 表明秋水仙素对无芒隐子草幼苗生长的抑制作用随药剂浓度升高而增强.当处理浓度相同时, 24 h处理的种子胚根, 胚芽长均大于48 h处理的, 表明秋水仙素对无芒隐子草幼苗生长的抑制作用随药剂处理时间延长而增强.

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	图3 秋水仙素对无芒隐子草幼苗胚根与胚芽长的影响Fig.3 Effects of liquid colchicum on radical and plumule length of C. songorica

2.3 不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理对无芒隐子草种子发芽的影响

不同剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ 射线辐射无芒隐子草种子后, 其发芽率不同.50, 100和200 Gy 3个辐射剂量的辐照处理均促进了无芒隐子草种子的发芽, 发芽率分别为85.0%, 84.5%和84.0%, 但与对照无显著差异(P> 0.05)(图4).其它辐射剂量处理后的种子发芽率显著低于对照(P< 0.05), 其中1 000和1 200 Gy的高辐射剂量延缓了种子发芽.

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	图4 ⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理对无芒隐子草种子发芽的影响Fig.4 Effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ rays on seed germination of C. songorica

不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ 射线辐射处理的无芒隐子草种子培养7 d后, 经50, 100和200 Gy 3个辐射剂量处理的无芒隐子草种子发芽指数均显著高于对照(P< 0.05)的(图5), 表明低剂量⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理明显促进无芒隐子草的早期发芽.供试其它辐射剂量处理的无芒隐子草种子发芽指数均显著低于对照(P< 0.05), 其中, 1 000和1 200 Gy 两个辐射剂量的发芽指数低, 且两者间无显著差异, 表明高剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ 射线辐射对无芒隐子草种子前期发芽具有明显的抑制作用.

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	图5 ⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理对无芒隐子草发芽指数的影响Fig.5 Effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ rays on germination index of C. songorica

2.4 不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理对无芒隐子草幼苗生长的影响

无芒隐子草种子经不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理后, 50和200 Gy辐射剂量下, 萌发7 d后的幼苗胚芽长均显著高于对照(P< 0.05); 1 200 Gy辐射剂量下无芒隐子草幼苗的胚根(0.5 cm)和胚芽长(0.55 cm)最小, 显著低于对照的胚根(1.69 cm)和胚芽长(1.06 cm), 表明高剂量辐射显著抑制了幼苗生长.

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	图6 ⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理对无芒隐子草胚根和胚芽长的影响Fig.6 Effects of liquid colchicum on radical and plumule length of C. songorica

3 讨论与结论

化学诱变剂秋水仙素阻止染色体分离, 加倍体细胞的染色体数量, 可经进一步诱导形成多倍体植株, 但对染色体的结构无显著影响, 且很少发生不良变异, 因此在诱变育种中被广泛利用^[19].由于秋水仙素对植物材料有毒害作用, 若处理不当, 常常使材料在处理过程中死亡, 影响成苗率, 但不同植物, 品种或器官对秋水仙素的敏感程度不同, 因此筛选适宜的诱变剂浓度和处理时间尤为重要.在加倍玉米单倍体效率的研究中, 得出秋水仙素质量浓度为0.4~1.0 mg· L^-1时单倍体玉米的加倍率是5.5%~16.5%^[20].利用秋水仙素对青岛百合(Lilium tsingtauense)进行浸种诱导多倍体, 结果表明, 以0.05%的秋水仙素处理24 h, 诱导效果最佳^[21].利用不同浓度秋水仙素和处理时间处理日本矮紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)种子, 结果表明, 随着处理浓度的增加和处理时间的延长, 其发芽率下降^[22].用秋水仙素处理地锦(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)体胚, 结果表明, 0.05%秋水仙素处理48 h以上对地锦体胚萌发有显著抑制作用^[23].本研究表明, 处理时间的延长发芽率降低, 这与穆红梅等^[22]的研究结论一致.其中, 0.1%浓度秋水仙素处理48 h无芒隐子草种子的发芽率和发芽指数分别为41%和0.55, 均为对照组的50%, 并且对幼苗生长的抑制作用不明显, 因此, 0.1%秋水仙素处理48 h可初步确定为秋水仙素诱变的最适宜剂量.

前人研究表明, 生姜(Rhizoma zingiberis)^[24], 石斛兰(Dendrobium)^[25], 非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)^[26]等植物均随秋水仙素浓度的升高或处理时间的延长, 受害程度加重, 种子成活率等指标呈下降趋势.本研究发现, 秋水仙素处理对无芒隐子草的发芽具有一定的抑制作用, 且发芽率随处理时间延长而降低, 但是发芽率随着处理浓度变化并无明显的规律.出现这种现象的原因可能是因为秋水仙素处理种子受多个因素影响, 如药剂的浓度, 处理的时间, 诱变材料自身的性质, 诱变材料的抗逆性等, 其中种子的保护程度是一个非常重要的因素.在生产实践中, 无芒隐子草的种子有稃片保护, 所以药剂渗透时间应较长.

⁶⁰Co-γ 射线能量高, 穿透力强, 射程远, 故一次可照射很多种子, 而且剂量较均匀, 是辐射诱变育种中最常用的诱变源.很多研究^{[27, 28, 29]}表明, 低剂量的辐射处理对种子发芽具促进作用, 而高剂量的辐射抑制种子发芽且对种胚产生伤害, 出现低剂量辐射促进植物生长, 提高发芽率的原因可能是因为种子内生物自由基或有关酶的活性经辐射处理后产生了变化, 进而加快了种子的代谢, 对种子的发芽产生促进作用.王月华等^[30]证实, 低剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理促进草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)种子的萌发.蔡春菊等^[31]曾提到高剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ 射线处理对毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)的种胚组织产生了伤害作用, 抑制了细胞的分裂, 延缓了毛竹种子的萌发.本研究中使用低剂量(50, 100和200 Gy)的⁶⁰Co-γ 射线辐射, 在无芒隐子草中出现了种子发芽率不同程度地高于对照, 且发芽率和发芽指数均高于其它处理, 其中100 Gy对无芒隐子草的胚根长抑制作用最小.其它辐射剂量处理后的种子发芽率和发芽指数均低于对照, 采用600 Gy⁶⁰Co-γ 射线辐射无芒隐子草种子, 最终发芽率为48.5%.

诱变育种中, 适宜诱变剂量是诱变成功的关键.除种子萌发和幼苗生长外, 田间出苗情况, 酶活性等生理代谢指标及细胞有丝分裂指数等细胞学效应的研究均也应作为选择适宜辐射剂量的依据.本研究仅对无芒隐子草种子的萌发进行了研究, 初步确定了最佳剂量, 能否定向变异和选育尚无法得出结论, 有待进一步深入研究.

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[8]	房永雨, 谢锐, 于肖夏, 于卓, 马艳红. 秋水仙素处理高丹草杂种F₁种子诱变效果分析. 中国草地学报, 2013, 18(6): 40-45. Fang Y Y, Xie R, Yu X X, Yu Z, Ma Y H. Analysis of mutagenic effect of colchicineson seeds of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid F₁. Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2013, 18(6): 40-45. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
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[13]	鱼小军, 王彦荣, 曾彦军, 苏德. 温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条车前种子萌发的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(5): 883-887. Yu X J, Wang Y R, Zeng Y J, Su D. Effects of temperature and osmotic potential on seed germination of Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(5): 883-887. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[14]	段珍, 狄红艳, 张吉宇, 霍雅馨, 孔令芳. 无芒隐子草CsLEA基因超表达载体和反义表达载体构建. 草业科学, 2014, 31(8): 1475-1480. Duan Z, Di H Y, Zhang J Y, Huo Y X, Kong L F. Construction of the over and antisense expression vector of CsLEA gene. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(8): 1475-1480. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[15]	贾存智, 王彦荣, 李欣勇. 施氮对无芒隐子草种子产量的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(9): 1746-1751. Jia C Z, Wang Y R, Li X Y. Effect of nitrogen application on seed yield of Cleistogenes songorica. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(9): 1746-1751. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[16]	张焕玲, 李俊红, 李周岐. 秋水仙素处理杜仲种子诱导多倍体的研究. 西北林学院学报, 2008, 23(1): 78-81. Zhang H L, Li J H, Li Z Q. Studies on polyploid induction in vitro of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2008, 23(1): 78-81. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
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[20]	王贺, 李继竹, 张继伟, 慈佳宾, 姜龙, 张野, 杨伟光. 秋水仙素和除草剂浸芽加倍玉米单倍体效率的研究. 吉林农业大学学报, 2013, 35(4): 384-388. Wang H, Li J Z, Zhang J W, Ci J B, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Yang W G. Study on doubling efficiency of maize haploids bud soaked by herbicide and colchicine. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2013, 35(4): 384-388. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[21]	张俊芳, 刘庆华, 王奎玲, 刘庆超, 孙阳. 秋水仙素诱导青岛百合四倍体研究. 核农学报, 2009, 23(3): 454-457. Zhang J F, Liu Q H, Wang K L, Liu Q C, Sun Y. Tetraploid induction of Lilium tsingtauense by colchicine. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 23(3): 454-457. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[22]	穆红梅, 杨传秀, 陆长民, 卢露, 秦欣欣, 郭建杰. 秋水仙素处理日本矮紫薇种子变异的初步研究. 北方园艺, 2011, 17(3): 103-105. Mu H M, Yang C X, Lu C M, Lu L, Qin X X, Guo J J. Effect of pinchingon flower yield and quality of carnation grown in greenhouse. Northern Horticulture, 2011, 17(3): 103-105. (in Chinese) [本文引用:2]
[23]	李正红, 孙振元, 彭镇华. 秋水仙素诱导地锦多倍体研究. 核农学报, 2005, 19(6): 430-435. Li Z H, Sun Z Y, Peng Z H. Study on colchiploid of: Parthenocissus tricuspidata induced by colchicines. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2005, 19(6): 430-435. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[24]	郭启高, 张钟灵, 周虹, 梁国鲁, 宋明. 秋水仙碱诱导生姜多倍体的研究. 西南农业大学学报, 2000, 22(5): 400-402. Guo Q G, Zhang Z L, Zhou H, Liang G L, Song M. In vitro induction of polyploidy from colchicines-treated zingiber officinale roscse. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2000, 22(5): 400-402. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[25]	Sarathum S, Hegele M, Tantiviwat S, Nanakorn M. Effect of concentration and duration of colchicine treatment on polyploidy induction in Dendrobium scabrilingue L. Europe Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 2010, 75(3): 123-127. [本文引用:1]
[26]	Saikat G, Nirmal M, Somnath B, Prakash K D. Induction and identification of tetraploids using in vitro colchicine treatment of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2011, 106: 485-493. [本文引用:1]
[27]	王文恩, 包满珠, 张俊卫. ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射对日本结缕草干种子的辐射效应研究. 草业科学, 2009, 26(5): 155-160. Wang W E, Bao M Z, Zhang J W. The effect of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on dry seeds of Zoysia japonica. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(5): 155-160. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[28]	吴茂力, 刘勇强, 张子龙. ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射对水稻陈种子活力复苏的影响. 西南农业学报, 2010, 23(4): 1013-1016. Wu M L, Liu Y Q, Zhang Z L. Effect of ray irradiation by light intensity of ⁶⁰Co-γ ray on old rice seed vigour. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010, 23(4): 1013-1016. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[29]	霍雅馨, 王娜, 张吉宇, 张岩, 孔令芳. 3种诱变因子对箭筈豌豆种子萌发的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 31(3): 438-445. Huo Y X, Wang N, Zhang J Y, Zhang Y, Kong L F. Effects of three mutagens on seed germination of Vicia sativa. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 31(3): 438-445. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[30]	王月华, 韩烈保, 尹淑霞, 刘贵浩, 程晓霞. 射线辐射对早熟禾种子发芽及种子内酶活性的影响. 中国草地学报, 2006, 28(1): 54-57. Wang Y H, Han L B, Yi S X, Liu G H, Cheng X X. The effect of ⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation on seeds germination and the activity of enzymes of seeds of Kentucky bluegrass. Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2006, 28(1): 54-57. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[31]	蔡春菊, 高健, 牟少华. ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射对毛竹种子活力及早期幼苗生长的影响. 核农学报, 2007, 21(5): 436-440. Cai C J, Gao J, Mou S H. Effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation on seed vigor and young seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2007, 21(5): 436-440. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

2011

0.0

徐明, 路铁刚. 植物诱变技术的研究进展. 生物技术进展, 2011, 1(2): 90-97.

, Lu T

Research progress of plant mutagenesis technology.

Current Biotechnology, 2011, 1(2): 90-97. (in Chinese)

植物诱变技术是指利用外界因素加快物种遗传变异,在短期内获得有利用价值的突变体,为培育新种质、新品种及基因功能的研究等创造条件。相对于自然的选择,诱变技术具有高频率、广突变、周期短等特性。主要论述了常用的化学诱变、物理诱变、空间诱变和生物诱变等诱变手段,并详细介绍了上述诱变技术的诱变机理、生物学效应、常用的诱变方式及其在植物应用中的研究现状。针对现行各种诱变技术的不足提出了今后努力的方向。 Abstract： Plant mutagenesis technology is using external factors to accelerate species variation and acquire some valuable mutants in the short period. This technology has been an important tool for new materials breeding, variety cultivation and gene function research. Compared with the natural selection, plant mutagenesis technology has more advantages, such as a higher mutant frequency, larger mutation range and shorter mutation period. This paper mainly introduces the mutational mechanism and biological effects of chemical, physics, space, biology mutagenesis, and their research progress of applications in plant in detail. Also some disadvantages of these technologies are mentioned and good suggestions for future development are proposed.

... 射线,离子束和激光处理等物理诱变^[1],其主要对象为大豆(Glycine max),高粱(Sorghum bicolor),小麦(Triticum aestivum),水稻(Oryza sativa)和玉米(Zea may)等农作物^[2,3,4,5] ...

2004

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2007

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2008

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2008

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2007

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... 王文恩等^[6]以⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...

2009

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鲍智娟, 邢秀芹. 秋水仙素处理甘草种子诱导多倍体的研究. 吉林农业科技学院学报, 2009, 18(4): 90-93.

Bao Z

, Xing X

Study of conformation polyploidy on Glycyrrhiza uralensis seed dealt with by colchicine.

Journal of Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, 2009, 18(4): 90-93. (in Chinese)

用秋水仙素处理萌动的甘草种子,分别采用浓度为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%、0.50%和12h、24h、48h、72h四个时间段处理.通过形态学和细胞学比较发现:这种处理可产生变异植株,变异植株是四倍体的嵌合体.处理结果显示:秋水仙素处理萌动的甘草种子,浓度为0.20%处理时间为24h时效果最好,诱导率达3.33%.

... 鲍智娟和邢秀芹^[7]用不同浓度的秋水仙素对甘草(Glycyrrhiaz uralensis)萌动种子经不同时间处理后,结果表明,0 ...

2013

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... 房永雨等^[8]利用不同浓度秋水仙素和不同处理时间对高丹草(Sorghum sudanense)杂交F₁种子的诱变效果进行了分析,发现适宜的秋水仙素浓度和时间处理组合分别为0 ...

2002

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... 无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)为多年生禾本科植物,是我国西北荒漠草原的重要优良牧草资源^[9,10,11],主要分布于中国内蒙古,陕西,宁夏,甘肃,青海及新疆等地,具有抗旱,耐寒等特点,对促进西北地区畜牧业发展和维持脆弱生态系统具有重要作用^[12] ...

1990

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1989

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郇庚年. 甘肃张掖主要野生草坪植物. 草业科学, 1989, 6(5): 60-64.

Xun G

The major wild turf grass species in Zhangye Area, Gansu Province.

Pratacultural Science, 1989, 6(5): 60-64. (in Chinese)

摘　要：

2007

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武艳培, 王彦荣, 胡小文, 张宝林. 围栏封育对无芒隐子草非结构性碳水化合物的影响. 西北植物学报, 2007, 27(11): 2298-2305.

Wu Y

, Wang Y

, Hu X

, Zhang B

Effects of enclosing on non-structure carbohydrate of Cleistogenes songorica.

Acta Botanica Boreale Occidentali Sinica, 2007, 27(11): 2298-2305. (in Chinese)

于2004～2005年对不同退化程度围栏内外无芒隐子草根系、茎基部和叶的非结构性碳水化合物(可溶性糖、淀粉)的含量变化以及与其植被盖度和生物量的关系进行测定分析.结果显示:(1)无芒隐子草主要储藏性非结构性碳水化合物为淀粉,主要贮藏部位为茎基部,属中等耐牧型牧草;非结构性碳水化合物含量2年均表现为7月最低(3.10%和7.67%),10月最高(12.22%和12.58%),说明无芒隐子草非结构性碳水化合物积累易受季节因素影响.(2)围栏封育显著促进了轻度退化区无芒隐子草根系和茎基部非结构性碳水化合物含量积累,而对叶部无显著影响;围栏封育对重度退化区无芒隐子草根系淀粉的积累具有促进作用,但对茎基部和叶淀粉无显著影响.说明围栏可促进轻度退化区无芒隐子草非结构性碳水化合物的积累,但对重度退化区的含量影响甚微.(3)相关分析显示,在轻度退化样地无芒隐子草根系和茎基部的非结构性碳水化合物含量与其分盖度呈显著正相关;在重度退化样地放牧区,非结构性碳水化合物含量与其分盖度和生物量显著相关,但在围栏区却无显著相关.结果表明单纯利用非结构性碳水化合物含量评价无芒隐子草草地生长状况具有一定的局限性,要结合草地的初始状况、利用方式等进行综合评价.

2004

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鱼小军, 王彦荣, 曾彦军, 苏德. 温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条车前种子萌发的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(5): 883-887.

Yu X

, Wang Y

, Zeng Y

, Su

Effects of temperature and osmotic potential on seed germination of Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(5): 883-887. (in Chinese)

Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii are important native plant species in the north-west desert grassland of China, and play a significant role in pasture production and vegetation restoration. Research on factors affecting germination of these species has not been reported previously. A series of laboratory tests were therefore conducted to study germination response of the two species to temperature and osmotic potential. The temperature regime for both species included 5 constant temperatures(1...

研究了无芒隐子草 (Cleistogenessongorica)和条叶车前 (Plantago lessingii)种子萌发对不同温度和水分渗透势的响应。温度在 10℃恒温至 5 0 /2 0℃变温范围内设 11个处理 ,水分渗透势在 0～ - 1.8MPa区间以 0 .2 MPa为间隔设 10个处理。结果显示 :无芒隐子草鞘内小穗的种子具有很高的生活力 ,其萌发温度幅较宽 ,在 10～ 5 0 /2 0℃温度区间 ,较高温度促进萌发 ;条叶车前种子萌发温度幅较窄 ,在 10～ 30℃温度区间 ,较低温度促进其萌发。无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子的最佳萌发温度分别为35 /2 0℃变温和 2 0℃恒温 ,在此条件下的发芽率分别达 94 %和 6 1% ,后者发芽率低的原因是种子存在生理休眠。两种植物种子萌发的最低水分阈值为 - 1.6 MPa,发芽率皆随渗透势降低而呈直线下降趋势 ,但条叶车前较无芒隐子草下降缓慢。发芽率 (y)与渗透势 (x)的回归方程 ,无芒隐子草为 y1 =- 10 .976 x1 +98.4 (r2 =0 .95 4 ) ,条叶车前为 y2 =- 5 .90 9x2 +6 0 .2 (r2 =0.964）。随着水分胁迫的加剧，供试种胚芽长呈逐渐下降趋势，但胚根长呈先增加（无芒隐子草在-0.6MPa，而条叶车前在-0.4MPa）而后下降的趋势。讨论了两种植物种子萌发对不同温度和水分响应的生态学意义。

... 前人对无芒隐子草的萌发^[13],抗旱功能基因^[14]以及氮肥对其产量的影响^[15]等做了研究,而秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...

2014

0.0

段珍, 狄红艳, 张吉宇, 霍雅馨, 孔令芳. 无芒隐子草CsLEA基因超表达载体和反义表达载体构建. 草业科学, 2014, 31(8): 1475-1480.

Duan

, Di H

, Zhang J

, Huo Y

, Kong L

Construction of the over and antisense expression vector of CsLEA gene.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(8): 1475-1480. (in Chinese)

According to the restriction enzyme sites of plant expression vector and sequence of CsLEA gene from Cleistogenes songorica , over expression vector was recombined by inserting the open reading frame (ORF) sequence to pBI121, and the antisense plant expression vector was constructed by ligating 480 bp sequence of CsLEA gene to pBI121 in the antisense orientation. Moreover, the recombined plasmid was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 by electroporation method. Using pollen-tube pathway, the plasmid was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana and T 1 positive plants were obtained by kanamycin resistance selection and PCR confirmation.

根据已克隆出的无芒隐子草( Cleistogenes songorica )晚期胚胎发生丰富蛋白基因 CsLEA (GenBank序列号为FJ972827)基因和植物表达载体的酶切位点特征, 分别将 CsLEA 基因编码区序列480 bp正向和反向插入pBI121, 构建了超表达载体pBI121 35S::CsLEA 和反义表达载体pBI121 35S::AS-CsLEA 。电击法转入根癌农杆菌GV3101中, 并通过花粉管通道法转化拟南芥( Arabidopsis thaliana ), 经卡那霉素抗性筛选和PCR鉴定, 已获得T 1 代阳性植株。

... 前人对无芒隐子草的萌发^[13],抗旱功能基因^[14]以及氮肥对其产量的影响^[15]等做了研究,而秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...

2014

0.0

贾存智, 王彦荣, 李欣勇. 施氮对无芒隐子草种子产量的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(9): 1746-1751.

Jia C

, Wang Y

, Li X

Effect of nitrogen application on seed yield of Cleistogenes songorica.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(9): 1746-1751. (in Chinese)

The present experiments were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application rate and periods on seed yield and yield components of Cleistengenes songorica in 2013. Seed yields of C.songorica significantly increased ( P -2 application rate with 1 696.8 kg·hm -2 . Meanwhile,fertile tillers per unit area and seeds per spikelet were significantly influenced by nitrogen application rate which also maximized at 100 kg N·hm -2 application rate with 3 075.77·m -2 and 40.53·spikelet -1 , respectively. The number of fertile tillers per unit area was the most important component for seed yield.

研究了施氮量及施氮时期对无芒隐子草( Cleistengenes songorica )种子产量及产量构成因素的影响,以期为无芒隐子草种子规模化生产提供技术指导和数据支持。结果表明,施氮处理对无芒隐子草种子生产影响明显,随春季施氮量的增加,种子产量增加,春季施氮100 kg·hm -2 时无芒隐子草种子产量最大,达1 696.8 kg·hm -2 ,较对照增加了106.7%,继续增加施氮量,种子产量降低。同时,施氮对无芒隐子草每平米生殖枝数和每小穗种子数影响明显,春季施氮100 kg·hm -2 ,二者值均达最大,分别为3 075.77枝·m -2 和40.53粒·小穗 -1 。无芒隐子草的种子产量主要受单位面积生殖枝数、每小穗种子数和千粒重的影响。

... 前人对无芒隐子草的萌发^[13],抗旱功能基因^[14]以及氮肥对其产量的影响^[15]等做了研究,而秋水仙素和⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...

2008

0.0

张焕玲, 李俊红, 李周岐. 秋水仙素处理杜仲种子诱导多倍体的研究. 西北林学院学报, 2008, 23(1): 78-81.

Zhang H

, Li J

, Li Z

Studies on polyploid induction in vitro of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2008, 23(1): 78-81. (in Chinese)

以杜仲成熟种子为试材,借助组织培养再生植株手段,研究了不同浓度、处理时间和处理方式的秋水仙素对杜仲多倍体诱导的影响.结果表明:0.2%的秋水仙素水溶液浸泡处理种子48 h,其多倍体的诱导率高于其它处理方法,可达13%.种子用秋水仙素处理后再进行试管萌发处理,其多倍体的诱导率高于培养基中添加秋水仙素直接进行试管萌发的处理.试验共获得杜仲多倍体植株43株.气孔大小及密度可以作为鉴定杜仲多倍体的可靠间接指标.

... 1 不同剂量秋水仙素对种子的处理参考张焕玲等^[16]用秋水仙素对杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)种子诱变的研究,在室温下,用质量分数0 ...

2001

0.0

... 射线对种子的处理将无芒隐子草干种子装入硫酸纸小袋,参考云锦凤^[17]对不同牧草辐照剂量的研究结果,于2013年9月4日利用⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...

1986

0.0

... 发芽指数(GI)^[18]的计算公式为:GI= #cod#x02211 ...

2006

0.0

... 3 讨论与结论化学诱变剂秋水仙素阻止染色体分离,加倍体细胞的染色体数量,可经进一步诱导形成多倍体植株,但对染色体的结构无显著影响,且很少发生不良变异,因此在诱变育种中被广泛利用^[19] ...

2013

0.0

王贺, 李继竹, 张继伟, 慈佳宾, 姜龙, 张野, 杨伟光. 秋水仙素和除草剂浸芽加倍玉米单倍体效率的研究. 吉林农业大学学报, 2013, 35(4): 384-388.

Wang

, Li J

, Zhang J

, Ci J

, Jiang

, Zhang

, Yang W

Study on doubling efficiency of maize haploids bud soaked by herbicide and colchicine.

Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2013, 35(4): 384-388. (in Chinese)

Maize haploids used in this research were induced from Mo17×P HB1M. Prp loids by bud soaking. The results showed all three medicaments had effects on do ubling haploids. The doubling rates of haploids treated with propyzamide of 4—1 6 mg／L were 5％—16％. The doubling rates of haploids treated with AMP of 8—32 mg／L were 8％—16％. The doubling rates of haploids treated with AMP of 0.4—1.0 mg／L were 5.5％—16.5％.The optimum combination was treated for 8 h with 8 mg／L propyzamide,21 mg／L APM and 0.7 mg／L colchicines in three trials, re spe ctively. The pronamide and AMP can replace colchicine in maize haploid doubling. 

以Mo17×PHB1M诱导的单倍体子粒为试验材料,利用戊炔草胺、甲基胺草磷和秋水仙素为加倍药剂,浸芽处理单倍体种子。结果表明：戊炔草胺质量浓度为4～16 mg／L时的加倍率为5％～16％;甲基胺草磷质量浓度为8～32　mg／L时的加倍率为8％～16％;秋水仙素质量浓度为0.4～1.0　mg ／L时的加倍率为5.5％～16.5％,３种药剂对玉米单倍体加倍均有效果。其中8 mg／L的戊炔草胺、21 mg／L的甲基胺草磷、0.7 mg／L的秋水仙素浸芽8 h的玉米单倍体加倍率均为各组最高。戊炔草胺和甲基胺草磷可以替代秋水仙素加倍玉米单倍体。

... 5%^[20] ...

2009

0.0

张俊芳, 刘庆华, 王奎玲, 刘庆超, 孙阳. 秋水仙素诱导青岛百合四倍体研究. 核农学报, 2009, 23(3): 454-457.

Zhang J

, Liu Q

, Wang K

, Liu Q

, Sun

Tetraploid induction of Lilium tsingtauense by colchicine.

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 23(3): 454-457. (in Chinese)

Using plantlets of Lilium tsingtauense as materials, the inducing effects of doubling chromosome of Lilium tsingtauense with colchicines were studied. The results indicated that the best effect was obtained by the treatment of immersing the shoot tips in colchicines solution at 0.05% for 24h, and its induction rate was 53.3%. Compared with the normal diploid plants, the colchine-induced polploid plants had larger leaves, bigger roots, larger stomata and fewer stomata per unit area. Cytological observation confirmed them to be tetraploids with a chromosome number of 2n=4x=48.

以青岛百合试管苗为试验材料，采用浸泡法和混培法研究了秋水仙素对青岛百合进行染色体加倍的诱导效果。结果表明:以0.05 %的秋水仙素浸泡处理24h的诱导效果最佳,诱导频率高达53.3%；经秋水仙素诱导的多倍体与正常二倍体植株比较,植株叶片变大,根系粗壮,气孔显著增大而单位面积气孔数减少。对变异材料的细胞学研究发现, 四倍体植株的染色体数目为2n=4x=48。

... 05%的秋水仙素处理24 h,诱导效果最佳^[21] ...

2011

0.0

穆红梅, 杨传秀, 陆长民, 卢露, 秦欣欣, 郭建杰. 秋水仙素处理日本矮紫薇种子变异的初步研究. 北方园艺, 2011, 17(3): 103-105.

Mu H

, Yang C

, Lu C

, Lu

, Qin X

, Guo J

Effect of pinchingon flower yield and quality of carnation grown in greenhouse.

Northern Horticulture, 2011, 17(3): 103-105. (in Chinese)

用0.05％、0.10％、0.15％3种不同浓度秋水仙素和 24、48、72 h 3个不同处理时间,对日本矮紫薇种子发芽性状和幼苗生长性状进行研究.结果表明:0.05％、0.10％、0.15％浓度秋水仙素处理日本紫薇种子24、 48、72 h,随着秋水仙素浓度的增加和处理时间的延长其种子发芽率、发芽势、出苗率均有降低的现象,0.15％浓度秋水仙素溶液处理的日本矮紫薇种子72 h时出苗率低于10％.随着秋水仙素处理浓度和时间的延长,幼苗生长表现出矮化、根部变短、叶片变厚的趋势.该研究获得了3株矮化的变异植株及2株株型变异的幼苗,对日本矮紫薇突变体产生、筛选及良种选育提供了基础.

... 利用不同浓度秋水仙素和处理时间处理日本矮紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)种子,结果表明,随着处理浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,其发芽率下降^[22] ...

... 本研究表明,处理时间的延长发芽率降低,这与穆红梅等^[22]的研究结论一致 ...

2005

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李正红, 孙振元, 彭镇华. 秋水仙素诱导地锦多倍体研究. 核农学报, 2005, 19(6): 430-435.

Li Z

, Sun Z

, Peng Z

Study on colchiploid of: Parthenocissus tricuspidata induced by colchicines.

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2005, 19(6): 430-435. (in Chinese)

Embryoids in different development stages and caespitose sprouts of P.tricuspidata were emerged into different concentrations of colchicine solution for different time.Results showed that:(1) Colchicines restrained the growth of embryoids and caespitose sprouts,specially to roots.The germination of embryoids was restrained obviously when treated with 0.05% of colchicine solution for 48h,and restrained completely with 0.1% for 96h;(2) About 3.3% of colchiploid was induced when treated embryoids with 0.05% of colchicine solution for 48h,the multiploidy cells accounted for about 40%.The colchiploids could reach 13.3% when treated caespitose sprouts for 24h,and the multiploidy cells could account for 62.5% to 75%.It meant that treated caespitose sprouts of P.tricuspidata were better than treated embryoids for inducing multiploid with colchicines;(3) All the colchiploids induced were mixed multiploids,the multiploidy cells accounted for 40% to 75%,but with a decrease tendency along with the agamic propagation.(4) Aberrant polyploidy plants of P.tricuspidata with 4 and 5 splits leaves were induced.

用不同浓度秋水仙素处理不同萌发时期地锦体细胞胚胎及丛生芽苗诱导多倍体,对多倍体植株进行染色体数目及稳定性检测。结果表明:(1)秋水仙素对地锦体胚及丛生芽的生长有不同程度抑制作用,对根系生长的抑制尤为明显。以0.05%秋水仙素处理48h以上对地锦体胚萌发有显著抑制作用,0.1%浓度处理96h产生完全抑制。(2)0.05%秋水仙素处理1cm体胚48h可诱导3.3%地锦体胚产生多倍体嵌合植株,多倍细胞比率40%。以0.1%秋水仙素处理地锦丛生芽24h,多倍体诱导率可达13.3%,多倍细胞比率62.5%~75%。说明秋水仙素处理丛生芽效果要好于处理体胚。(3)本实验诱导的多倍体植株全为混倍体,多倍细胞占40%~75%,但在无性增殖中有逐代下降趋势。(4)多倍体植株中出现4裂和5裂叶片的变异体。

... 05%秋水仙素处理48 h以上对地锦体胚萌发有显著抑制作用^[23] ...

2000

0.0

郭启高, 张钟灵, 周虹, 梁国鲁, 宋明. 秋水仙碱诱导生姜多倍体的研究. 西南农业大学学报, 2000, 22(5): 400-402.

Guo Q

, Zhang Z

, Zhou

, Liang G

, Song

In vitro induction of polyploidy from colchicines-treated zingiber officinale roscse.

Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2000, 22(5): 400-402. (in Chinese)

比较生姜在不同条件下经秋水仙碱处理的诱导效果。结果表明 :在培养基中加秋水仙碱 30mg/l处理 5天 ,可使生姜的诱变率达到 6 5 .0 % ,效果最好。涂抹法无效果。 0 .1%秋水仙碱以注射法、浸泡法、包埋法处理生姜的诱变率各为 2 7.5 % ,2 2 .5 %及 47.5 %。

... 前人研究表明,生姜(Rhizoma zingiberis)^[24],石斛兰(Dendrobium)^[25],非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)^[26]等植物均随秋水仙素浓度的升高或处理时间的延长,受害程度加重,种子成活率等指标呈下降趋势 ...

2010

0.0

2011

0.0

2009

0.0

王文恩, 包满珠, 张俊卫. ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射对日本结缕草干种子的辐射效应研究. 草业科学, 2009, 26(5): 155-160.

Wang W

, Bao M

, Zhang J

The effect of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on dry seeds of Zoysia japonica.

Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(5): 155-160. (in Chinese)

The dry seeds of Zoysia japonica were irradiated by 60Coγray at dosage of 25～500 Gy. The germination of seeds and growth of seedlings were investigated both in laboratory and field. The results indicated that irradiation of low dosage could promote seed germination and increase germination rate.But the germination rate decreased with the increasing of irradiation dosage, the critical dosage (dosage rate was 1.0 Gy/min) is 450 Gy; the critical dosage for field germination rate was 250 Gy, when the dosage below the critical was applied, the field germination rate increased with the increasing of the irradiation dosage, and decreased when the dose was over the critical; significant difference(P＜0.05) observed in taproot and seedling growth when the dry seeds were irradiated at different dosage; the length of taproot, height and fresh weight of seedling were all promoted firstly and declined later, their critical dosage was 400 Gy, 300 Gy and 250 Gy, respectively. The half lethal dosage of Z. japonica dry seeds was 480 Gy based on correlated broken line graph between irradiation dosage and relative germination rate.

用不同剂量（200～500 Gy）的60Coγ射线辐射日本结缕草Zoysia japonica干种子，通过对辐射后干种子的发芽和幼苗生长情况进行了室内外观测，结果表明：低剂量辐射处理促进日本结缕草干种子的萌发，提高其发芽率，随着辐射剂量的增加，发芽率逐渐降低，临界辐射剂量（剂量率为1.0 Gy/min）为450 Gy；田间出苗率临界辐射为250 Gy，低于临界辐射剂量时，随辐射剂量的增大，田间出苗率增加，高于临界辐射剂量时，随辐射剂量增大，田间出苗率降低；不同的剂量处理，干种子发芽后根系和幼苗的生长差异显著(P＜0.05)，在主根长度、幼苗高度和幼苗鲜质量方面表现为先促进后抑制，临界辐射剂量分别为400、300和250 Gy；根据辐射剂量与相对出苗率的关系折线图可以初步确定，日本结缕草干种子辐射育种的半致死剂量为480 Gy。

... 很多研究^[27,28,29]表明,低剂量的辐射处理对种子发芽具促进作用,而高剂量的辐射抑制种子发芽且对种胚产生伤害,出现低剂量辐射促进植物生长,提高发芽率的原因可能是因为种子内生物自由基或有关酶的活性经辐射处理后产生了变化,进而加快了种子的代谢,对种子的发芽产生促进作用 ...

2010

0.0

2013

0.0

霍雅馨, 王娜, 张吉宇, 张岩, 孔令芳. 3种诱变因子对箭筈豌豆种子萌发的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 31(3): 438-445.

Huo Y

, Wang

, Zhang J

, Zhang

, Kong L

Effects of three mutagens on seed germination of Vicia sativa.

Pratacultural Science, 2013, 31(3): 438-445. (in Chinese)

研究了经不同剂量60Co-γ射线、秋水仙素及甲基磺酸乙酯 (EMS)诱变处理后，箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)种子的萌发率、萌发指数及幼苗生长情况。结果表明，60Co-γ射线对箭筈豌豆种子萌发率无显著影响，对种子胚根和胚芽长有一定程度的抑制作用，最佳辐射剂量为600 Gy。不同剂量秋水仙素对箭筈豌豆种子的萌发率、胚根和胚芽长均产生明显的抑制作用，短时间处理对种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用较小，经0.20%浓度处理24 h的种子，其萌发率和萌发指数分别为45%和0.757。经EMS处理后的种子萌发率和幼苗生长随处理时间和处理浓度的变化而变化，其中0.5 mL·L-1浓度处理48 h终萌发率为46%，可推荐为EMS处理的最佳剂量。

2006

0.0

... 王月华等^[30]证实,低剂量的⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...

2007

0.0

蔡春菊, 高健, 牟少华. ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射对毛竹种子活力及早期幼苗生长的影响. 核农学报, 2007, 21(5): 436-440.

Cai C

, Gao

, Mou S

Effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation on seed vigor and young seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis.

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2007, 21(5): 436-440. (in Chinese)

The dry seeds of Phyllostachys edulis were irradiated by different doses of ~(60)Co γ rays,the effects of the radiation on seed vigor and seedling growth characters were investigated by four testing methods,i.e.germination testing indoor,electrical conductivity,TTC vigor testing and growth classification of seedling.Results showed that the germination process and germination rate could be accelerated by doses of ~(60)Co γ rays(≤100Gy),and higher doses of ~(60)Co γ rays(>100Gy) could obviously inhibit the germination process and reduce seed vigor,while induse seed embryo broken,cell division,growth restrained,the height of young seedling and length of root decreasing.The inhibition effects were significantly increased with radiation dose increase.The optimal range of radiation dose for radiation breeding of Phyllostachys edulis dry seeds was 100 to 175Gy.Linear relationships were existed in electrical conductivity after dipping in water for 24h in germination rate(G),germination index(GI),vigor index(VI),height of seedlings and length of root.EC after 24h and height of seedlings were chosen to test the change of seeds vigor and the effect of the radiation of ~(60)Co γ rays on Phyllostachys edulis.

以毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)干种子为材料,采用室内发芽实验、电导率测定和TTC活力测定以及早期幼苗生长分级等4种方法研究了60Coγ射线对种子活力及早期幼苗生长的诱导效应。结果表明:当辐照剂量低于100Gy时,辐照能加快种子萌发进程,提高发芽率;而当剂量超过100Gy,则对毛竹种胚组织造成损伤,抑制细胞生长和分裂,不同程度地延迟了毛竹种子发芽过程,降低了种子活力,造成早期苗高和根生长受到明显抑制,抑制作用随辐照剂量的增大而增强。毛竹种子发生诱变效应的最佳辐照剂量范围为100~175Gy。24h电导率与发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高和根生长等活力指标间存在极显著线性关系,是快速检验毛竹种子活力的重要指标。24h电导率和苗高又可作为检查辐射后毛竹种子活力变化和发生诱导效应的有效指标。

... 蔡春菊等^[31]曾提到高剂量的⁶⁰Co-#cod#x003b3 ...