种植密度和行距配置对紫花苜蓿群体产量及品质的影响

引用本文

魏永鹏, 南丽丽, 于闯, 付双军. 种植密度和行距配置对紫花苜蓿群体产量及品质的影响. 草业科学, 2017,34(9):1898-1905
Wei Yong-peng, Nan Li-li, Yu Chuang, Fu Shuang-jun. Effect of row spacing and planting density on the yield and quality of Medicago sativa . Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9): 1898-1905 复制到剪切板

Permissions

《草业科学》编辑部

种植密度和行距配置对紫花苜蓿群体产量及品质的影响

魏永鹏, 南丽丽, 于闯, 付双军

甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/ 中-美草地畜牧业可持续研究中心,甘肃兰州 730070

通信作者：南丽丽(1979-),女,甘肃天水人,副教授,博士,主要从事牧草栽培与育种研究。E-mail:[email protected]

第一作者:魏永鹏(1989-),男,甘肃武威人,在读硕士生,主要从事牧草栽培与育种研究。E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2017-01-04

基金: 基金项目:农业部行业专项子课题 (201403048-8); 国家自然科学基金(31460630、41163002); 甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2014A-055)

摘要

以甘肃省主栽品种甘农3号紫花苜蓿( Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No.3)为研究对象,研究了甘肃荒漠灌区播种量(12,16,20和24 kg·hm^-2)和行距配置[3种等行距10、15和20 cm,2种宽窄行距6行×10 cm(窄)+40 cm(宽)和6行×10 cm(窄)+30 cm(宽)]对其干草产量、茎叶比及营养成分的影响。结果表明,不同的行距处理中,20 cm行距的苜蓿干草产量显著高于15、10cm和两种宽窄行距 ( P<0.05);不同的播种量处理中,播种量为16 kg·hm^-2的苜蓿年总干草产量显著大于20、24和12 kg·hm^-2 ( P<0.05)。播种量为16 kg·hm^-2、行距为20 cm时,初花期苜蓿粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷含量分别为21.89%、3.59%、33.69%、30.98%、1.34%、0.11%,其粗蛋白含量和年干草产量(32 841.71 kg·hm^-2)显著高于其它处理 ( P<0.05)。从产量和营养品质综合考虑,该地区播种量为16 kg·hm^-2、行距为20 cm是高产、稳产的最佳配置。本研究结果对苜蓿的栽培与管理有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿; 行距配置; 播种量; 荒漠绿洲; 灰色关联分析

中图分类号:S816 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2017)09-1898-08 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0489

Effect of row spacing and planting density on the yield and quality of Medicago sativa

Wei Yong-peng, Nan Li-li, Yu Chuang, Fu Shuang-jun

College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-U.S. Centers forGrazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China

Corresponding author: Nan Li-li E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

This report describes the effects of seed sowing rate and row spacing on yield, stem∶leaf ratio and nutrient composition of Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 3 grown in the arid desert region of Gansu. Total yield was the highest when row spacing was 20 cm, which was significantly higher than other spacing of 15, 10 cm, and two kinds of wide and narrow row spacing of planting rows. Total yield was also significantly higher at a seeding rate of 16 kg·ha^-1 compared to other seeding rates of 20, 24 and 12 kg·ha^-1. Crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, calcium, and phosphorus contents were 21.89%, 3.59%, 33.69%, 30.98%, 1.34%, and 0.11% at early flowering stage, respectively. Total yield was 3.28 t·ha^-1 and the total crude protein content was 21.89%, and both these were significantly higher at 16 kg·ha^-1 seeding rate and 20 cm row spacing compared to all other treatments. Therefore, this may be the optimal combination, as it scored the highest in grey relational analysis on the comprehensive evaluation of major nutrients. These results offer valuable guidance for cultivation and management of alfalfa.

Keyword: Medicago sativa; row spacing; seeding rate; desert oasis; grey correlation analysis

Show Figures

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是我国栽培草地种植面积最大的草种, 喜温暖潮湿气候, 抗寒、耐旱, 根系发达, 能吸收土壤深层的水分和养分, 且具有草产量高、品质优良、营养全面, 动物必需的氨基酸含量丰富等突出优势, 很适宜在甘肃各地种植。目前紫花苜蓿在甘肃省种植面积为55.67万hm², 居全国第一, 约占全国种植面积的1/3, 发展苜蓿草产业是改善当地生态环境和提高经济效益的有效途径^[1]。

紫花苜蓿产量的稳定增长离不开高产配套栽培措施, 种植密度和行距配置就是其中的两个重要方面, 它们在很大程度上影响紫花苜蓿的群体结构, 进而影响群体的光能利用和干物质生产^[2]。种植密度决定群体的大小, 而行距配置方式则决定群体的均匀性^[3]。有关种植密度对苜蓿草产量的影响已有报道^{[4, 5]}, 针对荒漠绿洲灌区不同种植密度下如何确定合理的行距配置还鲜见报道。由于合理的行距可以改善冠层内的光照、温度、湿度和CO₂等微环境, 影响群体的光合效率和作物产量。尤其在高密度条件下, 宽窄行种植可扩大光合面积, 充分利用不同层次的光资源, 改善通风能力, 提高中下层叶片的光合性能, 更好地协调植株群体和个体的关系, 使光能在植株群体冠层内的分布更加合理, 提高植株群体的光能利用率, 进而增加植株产量^[6]。为此, 本试验对荒漠绿洲灌区不同种植密度及行距配置下紫花苜蓿群体产量和品质进行了研究, 以期通过栽培措施的调控, 挖掘紫花苜蓿的生产潜力, 为进一步实现紫花苜蓿的高产、质优提供理论依据。

1 试验材料与方法

1.1 研究区概况

试验在甘肃农业大学武威牧草试验站进行, 地理坐标为37° 55' N, 102° 40' E, 海拔1 530.88 m。试验区为温带干旱荒漠气候, 年均温7.2 ℃, 降水量150 mm, 蒸发量2 019.9 mm, 无霜期154 d, 土壤类型为沙壤土。0-20 cm土层pH 8.70, 有机质含量10.60 g· kg^-1、全氮含量7.07 g· kg^-1、全磷含量3.32 g· kg^-1, 速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为88.2、13.24和119.95 mg· kg^-1。

1.2 试验设计

试验选取甘肃省主栽紫花苜蓿品种甘农3号(M. sativa cv. Gannong No.3), 设4个大田播种量, 即12 kg· hm^-2(D₁)、16 kg· hm^-2(D₂)、20 kg· hm^-2(D₃)、24 kg· hm^-2(D₄); 5种行距配置:3种等行距播种, 即10 cm(S₁)、15 cm(S₂)、20 cm(S₃), 2种宽窄行播种, 窄行行距设置为10 cm, 每6行设置1个40 cm宽行距(S₄)或30 cm宽行距(S₅)。采用裂区设计(表1), 主区为密度处理, 裂区为行距处理, 重复3次, 每个处理20 m², 于2014年7月15日人工开沟条播, 播深2 cm, 8月1日出苗。按照高产田进行田间管理, 满足肥水供应。

表1 试验设计 Table 1 Planting density and row spacing experimental design

1.3 测定项目及方法

1.3.1 测定株高及干草产量分别于2015年6月12日(第1茬)、7月31日(第2茬)、9月12日(第3茬)初花期(小区内有20%植株开花)在每小区选取4个生长均匀的样方(2.0 m× 2.0 m)进行刈割, 刈割留茬高度5 cm, 刈割后立刻称量鲜草产量; 取刈割好的500 g鲜草于 105 ℃杀青 15 min, 后置于 65 ℃, 24 h烘至恒重, 重复4次, 取平均值, 计算干草产量。取刈割好的鲜草0.5 kg, 分离茎和叶并烘干, 分别测定叶片重和茎秆重, 计算叶茎比, 重复4次。每小区随机取 10 株单株测定其绝对高度, 取平均值。

干草产量=鲜草产量× 干草比率;

干草比率=鲜草的风干重量/鲜草× 100%。

1.3.2 营养成分测定在每小区第1茬草初花期采集紫花苜蓿鲜草样品1 kg。将该样品风干, 然后粉碎, 过0.425 mm筛, 保存于样品袋中测定如下指标。粗蛋白质(crude protein, CP)含量采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定, 中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量采用范氏洗涤纤维分析法测定, 粗脂肪(crude extract, EE)含量采用索氏脂肪浸提法测定, 钙(calcium, Ca)采用EDTA络合滴定法测定, 磷(phosphorus, P)采用钼锑抗比色法测定^[7]。

1.4 统计分析

用Excel 2007进行试验数据处理后, 采用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行方差分析和Duncan新复极差检验, 应用灰色关联度对营养成分进行综合分析, 关联系数(ξ _i(k))、关联度(r_i)、权重系数(W_i)和加权关联度(r'_i)计算公式^{[8, 9]}如下:

ξ _i(k)= $\begin{matrix} \frac{\frac{\min}{i} \frac{\min}{k} │ X_{0} (k) - X_{i} (k) │ +}{│ X_{0} (k) - X_{i} (k) │ +} \end{matrix}$

$\begin{matrix} \frac{ρ \frac{\max}{i} \frac{\max}{k} │ X_{0} (k) - X_{i} (k) │}{ρ \frac{\max}{i} \frac{\max}{k} │ X_{0} (k) - X_{i} (k) │} \end{matrix}$ (1)

r_i= $\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{n} \end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix} \overset{n}{\sum_{k = 1}} \end{matrix}$ ξ _i(k) (2)

W_i= $\begin{matrix} \frac{R_{i}}{\sum r_{i}} \end{matrix}$ (3)

r'_i= $\begin{matrix} \overset{n}{\sum_{k = 1}} \end{matrix}$ W_i(k)ξ _i(k) (4)

式中:│X₀(k)- X_i(k)│为绝对差值, 记作Δ _i(k), ρ =0.5。n为样本数。

最后用每个处理的加权关联度值进行比较, 其值越大, 苜蓿的品质越好。

2 结果与分析

2.1 苜蓿株高及干草产量比较

植株高度是衡量牧草生长状况的重要指标, 与产量呈正相关关系, 高植株通常有更高的相对产量潜力^[10]。苜蓿的株高是通过苜蓿的再生性实现的。种植密度、刈割时的留茬高度、刈割的时间和频率, 刈割后的施肥、灌水等措施都影响苜蓿的再生。各茬苜蓿株高有显著差异, 第2茬草的高度显著高于第1茬草和第3茬草(P< 0.05)(表2), 表明第2茬草再生速度要快于第1茬草和第3茬草。不同处理间, D₂S₃的株高最高, 显著高于其它处理(P< 0.05)。

草产量是衡量牧草生产性能的主要指标。方差分析表明, 苜蓿干草产量在种植密度间和种植密度与行距配置互作间均无显著差异(P> 0.05), 仅在行距配置间存在显著差异(P< 0.05), 说明行距配置对苜蓿干草产量的影响较大, 且不存在明显的互作效应(表3)。苜蓿干草产量表现为第2茬> 第1茬> 第3茬; 在D₁密度下, S₃处理显著高于其它处理, 年产量为30 974.69 kg· hm^-2, 以后依次为S₂(27 566.60 kg· hm^-2)> S₅(27 129.77 kg· hm^-2)> S₁(25 617. 47 kg· hm^-2)> S₄(24 932.97 kg· hm^-2); 在D₂、D₃和D₄密度下, 年产量均表现为S₃> S₂> S₁> S₅> S₄, 且各处理间差异显著。

表2 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿株高(cm)的影响 Table 2 Effect of planting density and row spacing on plant height(cm) of alfalfa

2.2 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿叶茎比的影响

苜蓿是以收获茎叶为主的牧草, 而叶片中蛋白质含量又远高于茎, 适口性又好, 因此, 叶茎比是衡量苜蓿品质的重要指标^[11]。通过对不同种植密度及行距配置下苜蓿叶茎比统计分析(图1), D₂S₃、D₁S₃叶茎比最高, 分别为51.21%和50.19%, 其次为D₂S₂, 为49.33%, D₄S₅最小, 仅为33.64%, 其余处理介于它们之间。相关分析表明, 叶茎比与粗蛋白含量极显著正相关(P< 0.05), 其相关系数为0.956。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿叶茎比的影响Fig. 1 Effects of planting density and row spacing on leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa

2.3 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿品质的影响

饲草粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量的高低直接关系到饲草品质的优劣。其中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维是反映纤维品质好坏最直接的指标^[12], 酸性洗涤纤维与动物消化率呈负相关关系, 是指示饲草能量的关键, 其含量越低, 饲草的消化率越高, 饲用价值越大^[13]。在相同行距下, 苜蓿粗蛋白含量随着密度的增加呈先增加后减小趋势, 在D₂时达到最大值, 即行距为S₁、S₅时, 粗蛋白含量为D₂> D₃> D₁> D₄, 行距为S₂、S₃、S₄时, 粗蛋白含量为D₂> D₁> D₃> D₄; 同一种植密度下, 粗蛋白含量随着行距的增加呈先增加后减小趋势, 在行距S₃时, 达到最大值。不同种植密度及行距配置下, 以D₂S₃粗蛋白含量最高, 为21.89%, 其次为D₁S₃和D₂S₂, 分别为20.49%和20.02%, 其余处理均小于20%; 酸性洗涤纤维含量在D₁、D₂密度下, 除D₁S₃、D₂S₃小于30%, 其余处理均大于30%, 而D₃、D₄密度及各行距配置均小于30%; 中性洗涤纤维各处理均小于40%, 并以D₃S₂最小, 仅为31.74%; 粗脂肪含量D₃S₃显著小于其它处理, D₄S₃、D₄S₅、D₁S₂、D₂S₁、D₃S₁和D₄S₂相互间无显著差异, D₂S₃时粗纤维含量达到最大值, 为3.59%; 钙含量除D₄S₁、D₄S₄和D₄S₅显著小于其它处理外, 其余处理间无显著差异; 磷含量除D₂S₄和D₄S₅显著小于其它处理外, 其余处理间差异不显著。

表3 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿干草产量(kg· hm^-2)的影响 Table 3 Effect of planting density and row spacing on dry yield (kg· hm^-2) of alfalfa

表4 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿品质的影响 Table 4 Effect of planting density and row spacing on quality of alfalfa plant material

2.4 灰色关联度对营养成分进行综合分析

采用灰色关联度法, 对不同种植密度和行距配置下各处理的叶茎比、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷等营养指标进行分析, 并用每个处理的加权关联度值进行比较(表5), 可以看出D₂S₃得分最高, 其次为D₁S₃、D₃S₃, 可见行距S₃是苜蓿草田种植的最佳处理。

表5 灰色关联度对营养成分进行综合分析 Table 5 Comprehensive analysis of grey correlation degree on alfalfa nutrition components

3 讨论与结论

合理的种植密度和行距配置是确保苜蓿获得高产的重要条件。密度太大, 植物之间对光、热、水、肥等因素的竞争强烈, 不利于植株合理的利用资源; 密度过疏, 植株间的竞争减少, 但单位空间内植株的数量少, 也会影响生物产量, 只有合理的种植密度才能使植物在充分利用外界资源的同时获得较高的产量^[14]。在河西地区紫花苜蓿的适宜播种密度为600万粒· hm^-2, 此密度下草产量和单位面积蛋白质产量最高, 分别为24 776.66和4 924.5 kg· h $\begin{matrix} {m^{- 2}}^{[5]} \end{matrix}$ ; 随着播种密度的增加, 紫花苜蓿返青提前而开花推迟, 同期株高增加, 耐旱能力下降, 干物质含量呈降低的趋势。当苜蓿播种密度超过35 kg· hm^-2时, 草产量不再随密度的增加而提高^[4]。本研究表明, 行距为S₁、S₂、S₄及S₅时, D₁密度年干草产量最大; 行距为S₃时, D₂密度年干草产量最大; 这与干草产量随着播种量的增加而增加不是很相符, 一是由于以上关于播种量的研究, 均是以播种量为单一的因素来研究播种量对产量的影响, 而本研究不仅考虑了播种量因素, 同时还涉及了行距, 削弱了单一播种量的影响效应; 二是本研究为苜蓿播种第2年的产量数据, 多年数据的影响结果还有待于进一步研究。

种植行距对苜蓿产草量的影响总的趋势是在同一密度条件下, 随着行距的增大, 草产量不断增加, 当行距增大到一定限度后, 草产量有所下降。柴凤久等^[15]用3年时间对大庆油田采矿区不同播种行距建植的苜蓿草地产草量进行了测定, 结果表明播种行距60 cm比行距30 cm的干草产量高。孙仕仙等^[16]研究表明, 在4个行距20、28、36、40 cm中, 以行距36 cm草产量最优。本研究表明, 在D₁密度下, S₃处理年干草产量显著高于其它处理, 其次为S₂, S₄ 最小; 在D₂、D₃和D₄密度下, 干草年产量均表现为S₃> S₂> S₁> S₅> S₄, 但苜蓿草地草产量受到综合影响, 因此在考虑行距与播种密度相互作用时, 当行距为20 cm, 播种量为16 kg· hm^-2时, 苜蓿群体光合速率较高, 光合产物积累量增加, 且苜蓿群体与个体得到协调发展, 使苜蓿群体产量显著增加。此外, 本研究表明, 苜蓿干草产量表现为第2茬> 第1茬> 第3茬, 第2茬草生长期(6月12至7月31日), 甘肃河西地区光照充足, 苜蓿群体光合速率较大, 干物质积累较多, 加上适宜的水肥, 使得苜蓿干草产量显著高于第1茬草和第3茬草。

利用灰色关联度分析法综合评价牧草克服了依靠单一性状评价的弊端, 可客观反映供试牧草诸多性状在生产性能上的综合表现, 不会因某一性状表现优而认可该品种或某一性状表现差而否定该品种^{[17, 18]}。本研究对各处理的叶茎比、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷等营养指标采用灰色关联度分析法进行综合分析, 达到了综合评价苜蓿营养价值的目的, 避免了只用单一含量来评定苜蓿的营养价值, 得到的结果更加可靠。

产量和品质是紫花苜蓿生产的关键, 产量的提高是同化物积累的结果, 而品质的改善是同化物在不同物质形态间转化的结果。目前在美国市场上出售的苜蓿, 主要根据其粗蛋白质含量进行等级划分, 按质论价^{[19, 20]}。本研究表明, 在甘肃荒漠灌区, 甘农3号紫花苜蓿播种量为16 kg· hm^-2、行距为20 cm时, 初花期粗蛋白含量为21.89%, 年干草产量为32 841.71 kg· hm^-2, 显著高于其它处理, 比当地播种量30 kg· hm^-2、行距30 cm, 干草产量17 238 kg· hm^-2(第2年)^[21]高90.52%。

综上, 在甘肃荒漠灌区甘农3号紫花苜蓿播种量16 kg· hm^-2、行距为20 cm是最优密度和行距组合。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

View Option

[1]	张洁冰, 南志标, 唐增. 美国苜蓿草产业成功经验对甘肃省苜蓿草产业之借鉴. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1337-1343. Zhang J B, Nan Z B, Tang Z. The successful experience of alfalfa industry in United States as a reference to Gansu alfalfa industries. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(8): 1337-1343. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[2]	刘丽平, 胡焕焕, 李瑞奇, 李慧玲, 常春丽, 李雁鸣. 行距配置和密度对冬小麦品种河农822 群体质量及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(2): 125-131. Liu L P, Hu H H, Li R Q, Li H L, Chang C L, Li Y M. Effects of spacing pattern and planting density on population quality and grain yield of a winter wheat cultivar Henong 822. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(2): 125-131. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[3]	董钻, 沈秀瑛. 作物栽培学总论. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000. Dong Z, Shen X Y. Overall Review of Crop Cultivation. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2000. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[4]	余有成, 赵永宏, 郭海俊, 李玉荣. 播种量对秋播苜蓿越年草产量的影响. 家畜生态学报, 2007, 28(5): 86-88. Yu Y C, Zhao Y H, Guo H J, Li Y R. Effect of alfalfa sowing quantity in autumn on fresh yield in the second year. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2007, 28(5): 86-88. (in Chinese) [本文引用:2]
[5]	王莹, 段学义, 张胜昌, 段晓丽, 杨慧玲, 钱宝玲. 紫花苜蓿播种密度对草产量及其他生物学性状的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(7): 1400-1402. Wang Y, Duan X Y, Zhang S C, Duan X L, Yang H L, Qian B L. *Influence of planting density on grass yield and other biological properties of Medicago sativa.* Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(7): 1400-1402. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[6]	杨吉顺, 高辉远, 刘鹏, 李耕, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 王敬锋. 种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36(7): 1226-1233. Yang J S, Gao H Y, Liu P, Li G, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Wang J F. Effects of planting density and row spacing on canopy apparent photosynthesis of high-yield summer corn. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010, 36(7): 1226-1233. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[7]	甘肃农业大学. 草原生态化学实验指导. 北京: 农业出版社, 1987. Gansu Agricultural University. Experimental Quide of Grassland Ecological Chemistry. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1987. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[8]	柯梅, 朱昊, 梁维维, 李学森, 任玉平. 苏丹草农艺性状与产量、品质间的灰色关联度分析. 草业科学, 2016, 33(5): 949-955. Ke M, Zhu H, Liang W W, Li X S, Ren Y P. Grey correlation analysis of main agronomic characte rs and its yield and quality traits in Sorghum sudanense. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(5): 949-955. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[9]	田兵, 冉雪琴, 薛红, 谢健, 陈彬, 武玉祥, 王嘉福, 王啸. 贵州42种野生牧草营养价值灰色关联度分析. 草业学报, 2014, 23(1): 92-103. Tian B, Ran X Q, Xue H, Xie J, Chen B, Wu Y X, Wang J F, Wang X. Evaluation of the nutritive value of 42 kinds of forage in Guizhou Province by grey relational grade analysis. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 92-103. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[10]	Davis R L, Baker R J. *Predicting yields from associated characters in Medicago sativa* L.** Crop Science, 1966, 2: 492-494. [本文引用:1]
[11]	刘东霞, 刘贵河, 杨志敏. 种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(3): 48-57. Liu D X, Liu G H, Yang Z M. *The effects of planting and harvesting factors on hay yield and stem-leaf ratio of Medicago sativa.* Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(3): 48-57. (in Chinese). [本文引用:1]
[12]	王林, 张慧杰, 玉柱, 徐春城, 孙启忠. 苜蓿与直穗鹅观草混贮发酵品质研究. 草业科学, 2011, 28(10): 1888-1893. Wang L, Zhang H J, Yu Z, Xu C C, Sun Q Z. *The fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa* and Roegneria turczanionii.** Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(10): 1888-1893. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[13]	李向林, 张新跃, 唐一国, 何峰, 张坚中. 日粮中精料和牧草比例对舍饲山羊增重的影响. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 43-47. Li X L, Zhang X Y, Tang Y G, He F, Zhang J Z. Effect of concentrate-forage ratio in diet on liveweight gain of stall-fed goats. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(2): 43-47. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[14]	穆怀彬, 侯向阳, 米福贵. 苜蓿不同密度种植生长状况及经济效益分析. 中国奶牛, 2008(4): 16-18. Mu H B, Hou X Y, Mi F G. Analysis of growing conditions and economic benefits of alfalfa planted in different densities. China Dairy Cattle, 2008(4): 16-18. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[15]	柴凤久, 高海娟, 刘泽东, 尤海洋. 大庆油田采矿区高产高效苜蓿草地建植的研究. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2013(19): 85-86. Chai F J, Gao H J, Liu Z D, You H Y. Study on high yield and high efficiency alfalfa grassland construction in the mining area of Daqing Oilfield. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2013(19): 85-86. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[16]	孙仕仙, 毛华明, 毕玉芬. 苜蓿栽培试验研究. 现代农业科技, 2009(11): 210-211. Sun S X, Mao H M, Bi Y F. Study of the experiment of cultivation for alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. ). Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009(11): 210-211. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[17]	徐丽君, 杨桂霞, 辛晓平, 乌恩奇, 青格勒, 朱树声, 董民. 不同混播模式下草地营养成分综合评价. 草业科学, 2014, 31(2): 278-283. Xu L J, Yang G X, Xin X P, Wu E Q, Qing G L, Zhu S S, Dong M. Comprehensive evaluation of nutrition of grassland s under different mixed sowing patterns. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(2): 278-283. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[18]	杨曌, 张新全, 李向林, 万里强, 何峰. 应用灰色关联度综合评价17 个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 67-72. Yang Z, Zhang X Q, Li X L, Wan L Q, He F. Applying grey correlative degree analysis to comprehensively evaluate growth performance of 17 types of alfalfa with different fall-dormancy grades. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(5): 67-72. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[19]	南丽丽, 师尚礼, 郭全恩, 朱新强. 根茎型清水苜蓿鲜草产量及营养价值评价. 中国草地学报, 2012, 34(5): 63-68. Nan L L, Shi S L, Guo Q E, Zhu X Q. *Assess on fresh forage yield and nutritive value of rhizomatous rooted Medicago sativa* L. cv. Qingshui.** Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2012, 34(5): 63-68. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[20]	寇江涛, 师尚礼, 蔡卓山. 垄沟集雨种植对旱作紫花苜蓿生长特性及品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(24): 5028-5036. Kou J T, Shi S L, Cai Z S. *Effects of ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting on growth characteristics and quality of Medicago sativa* in dryland .** Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(24): 5028-5036. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[21]	刘晓静, 张进霞, 李文卿, 范俊俊. 施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(6): 1516-1526. Liu X J, Zhang J X, Li W Q, Fan J J. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of Gansu, China. Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(6): 1516-1526. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

2015

0.0

张洁冰, 南志标, 唐增. 美国苜蓿草产业成功经验对甘肃省苜蓿草产业之借鉴. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1337-1343.

Zhang J

, Nan Z

, Tang

The successful experience of alfalfa industry in United States as a reference to Gansu alfalfa industries.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(8): 1337-1343. (in Chinese)

The United States is the largest country of alfalfa acreage and export around the world. Both its production and trade are much better than China which can provide reference for Chinese production. Gansu Province is the largest province of alfalfa acreage in China. Alfalfa industry is developing rapidly in recent years, however, there are still many problems as the short development period. The present paper reviewed the status of alfalfa production and trade in the United States, analyzed their successful experiences. Taking their experience as a reference, some suggestions and countermeasures were put forward to promote the healthy development of Gansu alfalfa industry after a comprehensive analysis of problems existing in Gansu alfalfa industry.

美国是全世界苜蓿（Medicago spp.）种植面积和出口量最多的国家，其生产和贸易对于我国来说有许多值得借鉴的地方。甘肃省是中国苜蓿种植面积最大的省份，近些年苜蓿草产业发展迅猛，但由于发展时间较短，还存在诸多问题。本文深入分析了美国苜蓿生产与贸易现状、总结其成功经验，并以此为借鉴，结合对甘肃省苜蓿草产业存在的突出问题的综合分析，进一步提出促进甘肃省苜蓿草产业健康发展的对策建议。

... 67万hm²,居全国第一,约占全国种植面积的1/3,发展苜蓿草产业是改善当地生态环境和提高经济效益的有效途径^[1] ...

2008

0.0

刘丽平, 胡焕焕, 李瑞奇, 李慧玲, 常春丽, 李雁鸣. 行距配置和密度对冬小麦品种河农822 群体质量及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(2): 125-131.

Liu L

, Hu H

, Li R

, Li H

, Chang C

, Li Y

Effects of spacing pattern and planting density on population quality and grain yield of a winter wheat cultivar Henong 822. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(2): 125-131. (in Chinese)

In order to study the effects of spacing form and planting density on grain yield and population quality,an experiment by split plot designs was hold with a winter wheat cultivar Henong 822.The experiment included three spacing forms such as 15 cm,20 cm and 16.7 cm+16.7 cm+26.7 cm and four planting density such as 180×104 basic seedlings per hectare,300×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare,420×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare and 540×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare.The results showed that the interaction between spacing form and planting density was not significant.The grain yield,population total stems number,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were almost the highest under the treatment of 15 cm,followed by row spacing of 20 cm and 16.7 cm+16.7 cm+26.7 cm.On the other hand,the leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and grain yield of 300×104 basic seedlings per hectare was almost the highest,followed by 420×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare,180×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare,and 540×104 basic seedlings per hectare.The population total stems number increased with the adding of basic seedlings.And the population total stems number of treat of 540×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare was the highest,followed by 420×10 4 basic seedlings per hectare,300×104 basic seedlings per hectare,and 180×104 basic seedlings per hectare.To get higher yield,the optimum spacing form and density on henong 822 were 15 cm and 300×104 basic seedlings per hectare.

为研究不同行距配置和密度对小麦群体质量和产量的影响,以冬小麦品种河农822为试验材料,应用裂区设计研究了3种行距配置和4种密度的交互效应。结果表明,行距和密度的互作效应不显著。相同密度下,15 cm等窄行种植的群体总茎数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量和产量基本上最高,20 cm等宽行次之,16.7 cm+16.7 cm+26.7cm三密一稀种植样式最低。4种种植密度下的群体总茎数以高密度最大,随密度降低群体总茎数减少。叶面积指数、干物质积累量和产量以中密度的较高,过大或过小密度的较低。即密度为300万/hm2或420万/hm2基本苗的叶面积指数及干物质积累量>密度为180万/hm2或540万/hm2基本苗。产量水平为300万/hm2基本苗>420万/hm2基本苗>180万/hm2基本苗>540万/hm2基本苗。所以,河农822最佳的行距配置和密度为15 cm等行距×300万/hm2基本苗。

... 紫花苜蓿产量的稳定增长离不开高产配套栽培措施,种植密度和行距配置就是其中的两个重要方面,它们在很大程度上影响紫花苜蓿的群体结构,进而影响群体的光能利用和干物质生产^[2] ...

2000

0.0

... 种植密度决定群体的大小,而行距配置方式则决定群体的均匀性^[3] ...

2007

0.0

余有成, 赵永宏, 郭海俊, 李玉荣. 播种量对秋播苜蓿越年草产量的影响. 家畜生态学报, 2007, 28(5): 86-88.

Yu Y

, Zhao Y

, Guo H

, Li Y

Effect of alfalfa sowing quantity in autumn on fresh yield in the second year.

Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2007, 28(5): 86-88. (in Chinese)

苜蓿播种量从10.0～45.0 kg/hm2设8个处理,研究不同播种量对越年草产量影响.结果表明:不同播种量对苜蓿越年草产量有显著影响,播种量10.0～35.0 kg/hm2,苜蓿越年草产量随播种量增加而提高,播种量超过35.0 kg/hm2,苜蓿越年草产量不再随播种量增加而提高;陕西关中农区苜蓿播种量控制在15.0～35.0 kg/hm2,有利于提高其越年草产量.

... 有关种植密度对苜蓿草产量的影响已有报道^[4,5],针对荒漠绿洲灌区不同种植密度下如何确定合理的行距配置还鲜见报道 ...

... hm^-2时,草产量不再随密度的增加而提高^[4] ...

2011

0.0

王莹, 段学义, 张胜昌, 段晓丽, 杨慧玲, 钱宝玲. 紫花苜蓿播种密度对草产量及其他生物学性状的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(7): 1400-1402.

Wang

, Duan X

, Zhang S

, Duan X

, Yang H

, Qian B

Influence of planting density on grass yield and other biological properties of Medicago sativa.

Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(7): 1400-1402. (in Chinese)

... 有关种植密度对苜蓿草产量的影响已有报道^[4,5],针对荒漠绿洲灌区不同种植密度下如何确定合理的行距配置还鲜见报道 ...

2010

0.0

杨吉顺, 高辉远, 刘鹏, 李耕, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 王敬锋. 种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36(7): 1226-1233.

Yang J

, Gao H

, Liu

, Li

, Dong S

, Zhang J

, Wang J

Effects of planting density and row spacing on canopy apparent photosynthesis of high-yield summer corn.

Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010, 36(7): 1226-1233. (in Chinese)

With different plant population densities (6.75 ´ 10 4 , 9.00 ´ 10 4 , and 11.25 ´ 10 4 plants ha -1 ), the effects of the deneity and row spacing on grain yield and canopy apparent photosynthesis were studied in this article. The results were as follows: with the increase of planting density, grain yield, leaf area index (LAI) and capture efficiency of photosynthestically active radiation(PAR) in upper leaf layer, as well as canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) and canopy respiration (CR) and dry matter quantity increased accordantly; but, chlorophyll content and capture efficiency of PAR in the middle and lower layers of canopy decreased. Within different row spacing treatments, the wide-narrow row spacing were not superior to the uniform one significantly at 6.75 ´ 10 4 plants ha -1 . However, at 9.00 ´ 10 4 and 11.25 ´ 10 4 plants ha -1 , grain yield, LAI, chlorophyll content, capture efficiency of PAR in middle leaf layer and average rate of CAP after anthesis in row spacing of “80 cm+40 cm” were remarkably higher than those in other three row spacings (uniform, 70 cm + 50 cm, 90 cm + 30 cm); while CR/TCAP (ratio of canopy respiration to total canopy apparent photosynthesis) in row spacing of ’80 cm+40 cm’ was the lowest, compared to the others. From the above, it was suggested that at higher plant density the row spacing of ’80 cm+40 cm’ could enlarge photosynthetic area, enhance PAR in middle leaf layer, increase CAP, reduce CR and improve grain yield.

在67 500株 hm -2 、90 000株hm -2 和112 500株hm -2 等3个种植密度条件下，研究了密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米品种登海701产量和群体光合特性的影响。结果表明，随密度增加，籽粒产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合有效辐射(PAR)上层截获率、群体光合(CAP)和群体呼吸(CR)、干物质积累量均提高；而叶绿素含量、穗位叶层和下层PAR截获率则降低。在67 500株 hm -2 下，宽窄行与等行距处理相比无显著优势。但在90 000株 hm -2 和112 500株 hm -2 密度下，80 cm+40 cm行距处理的产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量、穗位叶层的PAR截获率、花后群体光合速率(CAP)平均值均显著高于其他行距处理(等行距、70 cm+50 cm和90 cm+30 cm)；而群体呼吸速率与光合速率的比值(CR/TCAP)则显著低于其他行距处理。说明在较高密度条件下，80 cm+40 cm的宽窄行配置有助于扩大光合面积、增加穗位叶层的光合有效辐射、提高群体光合速率、减少群体呼吸消耗，从而提高籽粒产量。

... 尤其在高密度条件下,宽窄行种植可扩大光合面积,充分利用不同层次的光资源,改善通风能力,提高中下层叶片的光合性能,更好地协调植株群体和个体的关系,使光能在植株群体冠层内的分布更加合理,提高植株群体的光能利用率,进而增加植株产量^[6] ...

1987

0.0

... 粗蛋白质(crude protein,CP)含量采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定,中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量采用范氏洗涤纤维分析法测定,粗脂肪(crude extract,EE)含量采用索氏脂肪浸提法测定,钙(calcium,Ca)采用EDTA络合滴定法测定,磷(phosphorus,P)采用钼锑抗比色法测定^[7] ...

2016

0.0

柯梅, 朱昊, 梁维维, 李学森, 任玉平. 苏丹草农艺性状与产量、品质间的灰色关联度分析. 草业科学, 2016, 33(5): 949-955.

, Zhu

, Liang W

, Li X

, Ren Y

Grey correlation analysis of main agronomic characte rs and its yield and quality traits in Sorghum sudanense.

Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(5): 949-955. (in Chinese)

In order to exploring the relationship among the agronomic characters and yield and quality of Sorghum sudanense populations, three sudangrass populations were studied with the method of grey correlation degree analysis. The results showed that leaf length and stem diameter had significantly positive effect on hay yield of sudangrass, which is the major limitation factor of hay and fresh grass yield; sudangrass cultivar/lines with less tiller and node, but appropriate leaf length, width and stem diameter possesses relatively high quality; In sudangrass breeding process, according to specific breeding objectives for yield or quality, selecting these agronomic traits with stable performance and correlated relationship with high yield and quality, and understanding the primary and secondary relationship, will help provide theoretical base for new cultivar breeding.

Grassland Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China

使用灰色关联度分析了3个苏丹草( Sorghum )材料6个农艺性状与产量和营养品质之间的关系,结果表明,1)叶长、茎粗对苏丹草干鲜草产量影响最大,且叶长与茎粗呈极显著正相关( P <0.01),是影响干鲜草产量的主要限制因素;2)茎粗、叶长、叶宽适当,分蘖数和节数少的苏丹草植株、品系或品种的营养价值较高。在苏丹草育种的过程中,根据具体产量育种或品质育种的目标,选择与苏丹草高产高品质关系密切且表现稳定的农艺性状, 明确各性状的主次关系,为苏丹草选育新品种提供理论依据。

... _i(k))、关联度(r_i)、权重系数(W_i)和加权关联度(r'_i)计算公式^[8,9]如下: ...

2014

0.0

田兵, 冉雪琴, 薛红, 谢健, 陈彬, 武玉祥, 王嘉福, 王啸. 贵州42种野生牧草营养价值灰色关联度分析. 草业学报, 2014, 23(1): 92-103.

Tian

, Ran X

, Xue

, Xie

, Chen

, Wu Y

, Wang J

, Wang

Evaluation of the nutritive value of 42 kinds of forage in Guizhou Province by grey relational grade analysis.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 92-103. (in Chinese)

Forty-two species of forage in Guizhou Province were collected and identified. The contents of dry matter,crude protein,crude fiber,ether extract,ash,content of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P),were measured by conventional analysis methods. Although some indices were different,most of nutrient components were close to each other. Using grey relational grade analysis,the nutritive values of 42 wild forages were evaluated. The nutritive values of 5 species were highest: Compositae plants Siegesbec-kia orientalis , Conyza canadensis , Sonchus oleraceus ,Chenopodiaceae plant Chenopodium album ,and Amaranthaceae plant Amaranthus retroflexus . Fourteen species were much more nutritious than the others: Compositae plants Artemisia sieversiana , Artemisia annua , Bidens pilosa , Ixeris chinensis , Senecio scandens ,Gramineae plants Setaira viridis , Imperata cylindrica , Paspalum distichum , Cynodon dactylon ,Polygonaceae plants Polygonum lapathifolium , Fagopyrum cymosum ,Moraceae plant Broussonetia papyrifera ,Cruciferae plant Capsella bursa-pastoris ,Papilionaceae plant Robinia pseudoacacia . Fourteen species were at a mid-level: Compositae plant Kalimeris indica ,Gramineae plants Dactylis glomerata , Lolium perenne , Coix lacryma-jobi , Bromus catharticus ,Polygonaceae plants Polygonum perfoliatum , Polygonum flaccidum ,Amaranthaceae plant Alternanthera philoxeroides ,Moraceae plant Humulus scandens ,Leguminosae plants Sophora davidii , Trifolium repens ,Caprifoliaceae plants Viburnum utile , Lonicera japonica ,Convolvulaceae plant Calystegia hederacea ,Rosaceae plant Rubus innominatus ,Verbenaceae plant Vitex negundo var. heterophylla . The nutrient values of 7 species were relatively lower than the others: Compositae plant Erigeron annuus ,Leguminosae plant Piptanthus nepalensis ,Caryophyllaceae plant Myosoton aquaticum ,Rosaceae plant Rosa roxburghii ,Cyperaceae plant Cyperus rotundus ,Portulacaceae plant Portulaca oleracea ,Rutaceae plant Zanthoxylum simulans . It is suggested that thirty-five species are worth utilizating in future evaluations on the seven indices.

对贵州本地42种自然生长的野生牧草进行识别、鉴定,分析其中的干物质、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分、钙和磷的含量,结果显示,贵州不同地域生长的同种野生牧草间多数营养成分相近,且与全国平均水平相近,个别营养成分含量存在一定差异。为了避免常规营养评价方法中只考虑粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维等少数因子而忽略其他因子的弊端,本文采用灰色关联度分析法对42种野生牧草的营养成分进行综合评价。42种野生牧草中营养价值最高的有菊科豨莶、小飞蓬、苦苣菜,藜科灰灰菜,苋科反枝苋5种;营养价值较高的有14种,菊科白蒿、青蒿、三叶鬼针草、苦荬菜、千里光,禾本科狗尾草、茅草、双穗雀稗、狗牙根,蓼科酸模叶蓼、金荞麦,桑科构树,十字花科荠菜,蝶形花科洋槐;营养价值较低的7种,菊科一年蓬,豆科黄花木,石柱科鹅肠菜,蔷薇科刺梨,莎草科香附子,马齿苋科马齿苋,芸香科野花椒;其余16种样品的营养价值处于中等水平,包括菊科鱼鳅串,禾本科鸭茅、黑麦草、薏苡、扁穗雀麦,蓼科扛板归、辣蓼,苋科空心莲子草,桑科葎草,豆科白刺花、白三叶,忍冬科羊屎条、金银花,旋花科小旋花,蔷薇科刺泡和马鞭草科荆条。本文的研究结果说明,42种牧草中的35种值得进一步开发利用。

... _i(k))、关联度(r_i)、权重系数(W_i)和加权关联度(r'_i)计算公式^[8,9]如下: ...

1966

0.0

... 1 苜蓿株高及干草产量比较植株高度是衡量牧草生长状况的重要指标,与产量呈正相关关系,高植株通常有更高的相对产量潜力^[10] ...

2015

0.0

刘东霞, 刘贵河, 杨志敏. 种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(3): 48-57.

Liu D

, Liu G

, Yang Z

The effects of planting and harvesting factors on hay yield and stem-leaf ratio of Medicago sativa.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(3): 48-57. (in Chinese).

This paper reports the effects of cultivar, seed sowing rate, row spacing, sowing depth and cutting height on hay yield and stem∶leaf ratio of Medicago sativa . Row spacing had the greatest impact on hay yield, especially the first 3 cuts of the growing season and annual yield. However, the cultivar of M. sativa and cutting height were the most important determinants of stem-leaf ratio. Hay yield was greatest at a row spacing of 20 cm and diminished with increasing row spacing. Yield was significantly lower at 50 cm than 20 cm row spacing, but not significantly reduced at 30 cm, compared to 20 cm row spacing. Cultivar differences were evident for hay yield of the fourth cutting, with Xingjiangdaye and Jinhuanghou having high late season yield compared to other cultivars. However, there were obvious differences between the breeds in stem∶leaf ratio, with Zhongmu the lowest and that of Jinhuanghou the highest. Some statistically significant effects of seed sowing rate, sowing depth and cutting height were observed and are discussed. Effects of seed sowing rate, sowing depth and cutting height were not statistically significant.

本文研究了苜蓿品种及播种量、行间距、播种深度、刈割高度等栽培因子对苜蓿干草产量及茎叶比的影响。结果表明，行距对产量的影响最大，前三茬及年总干草产量中，行距的产量贡献率均最大。而苜蓿品种及刈割高度对茎叶比的影响较大。不同的行距处理中，苜蓿产量以20 cm行距最高，显著高于50 cm，随着行距的加大，干草产量逐渐下降，但与30 cm行距的产量无显著差异。第4茬干草产量在不同品种之间差异较大，新疆大叶和金皇后苜蓿品种产量较高。而播种深度、播种量、刈割高度各水平之间无显著差异。苜蓿的茎叶比在苜蓿品种之间均存在显著差异，中苜1号苜蓿茎叶比最小，金皇后茎叶比最大。茎叶比在行距、播种量和播种深度不同水平之间无显著差异。

... 2 种植密度和行距配置对苜蓿叶茎比的影响苜蓿是以收获茎叶为主的牧草,而叶片中蛋白质含量又远高于茎,适口性又好,因此,叶茎比是衡量苜蓿品质的重要指标^[11] ...

2011

0.0

王林, 张慧杰, 玉柱, 徐春城, 孙启忠. 苜蓿与直穗鹅观草混贮发酵品质研究. 草业科学, 2011, 28(10): 1888-1893.

Wang

, Zhang H

, Yu

, Xu C

, Sun Q

The fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and Roegneria turczanionii.

Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(10): 1888-1893. (in Chinese)

... 其中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维是反映纤维品质好坏最直接的指标^[12],酸性洗涤纤维与动物消化率呈负相关关系,是指示饲草能量的关键,其含量越低,饲草的消化率越高,饲用价值越大^[13] ...

2008

0.0

李向林, 张新跃, 唐一国, 何峰, 张坚中. 日粮中精料和牧草比例对舍饲山羊增重的影响. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 43-47.

Li X

, Zhang X

, Tang Y

, He

, Zhang J

Effect of concentrate-forage ratio in diet on liveweight gain of stall-fed goats.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(2): 43-47. (in Chinese)

报道了在四川省洪雅县进行的一项山羊舍饲试验.试验分3个阶段、4个分组,每组8只5月龄的波尔×成都麻羊杂交公羔(去势),按不同精料与牧草配比饲喂.在舍饲条件下,无论以哪种牧草为基础日粮,随着补饲精料比例的增加,总的干物质采食量相应增加,而牧草采食量有所下降.以牛鞭草为基础日粮时,如果不补饲精料,山羊日增重很低,补饲精料可明显提高日增重.在牛鞭草日粮的基础上增加苜蓿干草.最初阶段因试验羊不太适应,导致日增重降低,但是经过约2周的适应之后,山羊日增重显著提高,但苜蓿干草成本较高,用于饲养山羊并不划算.以多花黑麦草为基础日粮时,山羊增重效果最好,依补饲精料比例的不同(12%～43%),山羊日增重130～189g,10月龄时的胴体重为17.56～25.23 kg.以黑麦草为基础日粮结合补饲精料虽可以提高山羊日增重,但增加精料导致成本过高,净收入降低.综合比较,在黑麦草基础上添加10%精料(干物质基础)的配比最好,每只羊每日可通过增重获得0.64元净收入.

0.0

... 密度过疏,植株间的竞争减少, 但单位空间内植株的数量少,也会影响生物产量,只有合理的种植密度才能使植物在充分利用外界资源的同时获得较高的产量^[14] ...

0.0

... 柴凤久等^[15]用3年时间对大庆油田采矿区不同播种行距建植的苜蓿草地产草量进行了测定,结果表明播种行距60 cm比行距30 cm的干草产量高 ...

0.0

... 孙仕仙等^[16]研究表明,在4个行距20、28、36、40 cm中,以行距36 cm草产量最优 ...

2014

0.0

徐丽君, 杨桂霞, 辛晓平, 乌恩奇, 青格勒, 朱树声, 董民. 不同混播模式下草地营养成分综合评价. 草业科学, 2014, 31(2): 278-283.

Xu L

, Yang G

, Xin X

, Wu E

, Qing G

, Zhu S

, Dong

Comprehensive evaluation of nutrition of grassland s under different mixed sowing patterns.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(2): 278-283. (in Chinese)

A variety of nutrition indices including crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), crude ash and grasslands yield of 15 different mixture modes were analyzed. The grey relational degree method was applied to comprehensively evaluate nutrition. The variation of the contents of CP, CF, ADF, NDF, Ca, P and crude ash was 15%~18%, 1.5%~1.8%, 25%~30%, 30%~50%, 0.4%~1.8%, 0.1%~0.3% and nearly 10%, respectively. Three mixture modes including Leymus chinensis+Setaria italic+Medicago varia (3∶1∶1), Bromus inermis+M.varia (2∶1) and Elymus nutans+M.varia (3∶2) were the best among all of the mixture modes. Two mixture modes including perennial grasses+ M.varia (1∶1) and perennial grasses+ Avena sativa+M.varia (3∶1∶1) were not suitable. The other 10 mixture modes were better. These results were consistent with mixture mode applied in some regions in Hulunbeir which had the important theoretical value to the entire region.

以15种不同混播模式的草地为研究对象, 通过对其粗蛋白、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙、磷、粗灰分和产量8个主要营养成分进行比较, 并采用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价。结果表明, 不同混播模式下, 粗蛋白、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙、磷、粗灰分含量变化范围分别为15%～18%、2.15%～3.23%、25%～30%、30%～50%、0.31%～1.83%、0.1%～0.3%和10%左右。综合评价结果显示, 羊草( Leymus chinensis)+青谷子(Setaria italica)+杂花苜蓿(Medicago varia)(3∶1∶1)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)+杂花苜蓿(2∶1)和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)+杂花苜蓿(3∶2)混播模式较理想, 羊草+杂花苜蓿(1∶1)或羊草+燕麦(Avena sativa )+杂花苜蓿(3∶1∶1)的混播模式较不理想, 其它混播模式适中, 这一结果与呼伦贝尔局部地区目前推广的牧草种植模式基本一致, 对整个地区牧草种植具有重要指导意义。

... 利用灰色关联度分析法综合评价牧草克服了依靠单一性状评价的弊端,可客观反映供试牧草诸多性状在生产性能上的综合表现,不会因某一性状表现优而认可该品种或某一性状表现差而否定该品种^[17,18] ...

2009

0.0

杨曌, 张新全, 李向林, 万里强, 何峰. 应用灰色关联度综合评价17 个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 67-72.

Yang

, Zhang X

, Li X

, Wan L

, He

Applying grey correlative degree analysis to comprehensively evaluate growth performance of 17 types of alfalfa with different fall-dormancy grades.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(5): 67-72. (in Chinese)

对17个苜蓿品种在湘西南地区的生长适应性性状指标,包括12项农艺性状指标与粗蛋白含量进行了灰色关联分析,并建立品种适应性综合评价模型。结果表明,在湘西南地区表现较好的苜蓿品种有盛世、丰宝、CW680等,而阿尔冈金、皇后2000品种的生产性能较差,各项指标的权重大小顺序为:粗蛋白叶长叶宽茎粗株高再生速度主根长鲜干比根颈直径单株干重侧根数目茎叶比根系鲜重,可为南方亚热带地区苜蓿引种和推广提供科学的依据。

2012

0.0

南丽丽, 师尚礼, 郭全恩, 朱新强. 根茎型清水苜蓿鲜草产量及营养价值评价. 中国草地学报, 2012, 34(5): 63-68.

Nan L

, Shi S

, Guo Q

, Zhu X

Assess on fresh forage yield and nutritive value of rhizomatous rooted Medicago sativa L. cv. Qingshui.

Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2012, 34(5): 63-68. (in Chinese)

摘　要：以根茎型清水紫花苜蓿为材料,以根蘖型野生黄花苜蓿和甘农2号杂花苜蓿、直根型陇东紫花苜蓿为对照,在甘肃天水、兰州和武威3个生态区比较不同根型苜蓿的产量和品质,为根茎型苜蓿在生产中的应用提供科学依据。结果表明,根茎型苜蓿粗蛋白质含量最高,两年平均为20.36%;粗纤维含量最低,两年平均为39.47%;产草量低,三年平均产量为4.05kg/m2;株丛高度相对较低,叶量丰富,叶茎比较高,更适合培育优质牧草。生态区域对苜蓿产量和营养成分有着显著影响。各根型苜蓿的株高、叶茎比、产草量在天水均最高,兰州次之,武威最低;各根型苜蓿粗蛋白质含量在兰州地区最高。同一生态区不同年份对苜蓿营养成分亦有影响,除天水地区各材料第一年NFE含量低于第二年外,其余材料第一年头茬草苜蓿的 CP、EE、NFE含量均高于第二年头茬草;而CF、CASH、Ca、P含量第二年头茬草高于第一年头茬草。

... 目前在美国市场上出售的苜蓿,主要根据其粗蛋白质含量进行等级划分,按质论价^[19,20] ...

2010

0.0

寇江涛, 师尚礼, 蔡卓山. 垄沟集雨种植对旱作紫花苜蓿生长特性及品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(24): 5028-5036.

Kou J

, Shi S

, Cai Z

Effects of ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting on growth characteristics and quality of Medicago sativa in dryland .

Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(24): 5028-5036. (in Chinese)

【目的】垄沟覆膜种植紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),为年降水量250-350mm的中国西北黄土高原区旱作紫花苜蓿的种植提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置膜垄和土垄集雨处理,垄为集雨区,沟为种植区,研究不同沟垄宽比和覆盖方式对旱作紫花苜蓿生长及其品质的影响,并确定最优的集雨处理。【结果】各指标值反映出,膜垄处理明显优于土垄处理;所有处理中以MR60(覆膜处理,沟垄宽比为60cm﹕60cm)表现最优,出苗率、成苗率和越冬率分别较对照(平作,CK)提高16.01%、16.03%和18.25%,生长速度和再生速度分别较CK提高65.30%、56.41%,生长高度、分枝数和干草产量分别较CK提高65.12%、29.04%和238.20%,茎叶比较CK降低22.45%,粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)和粗脂肪(crude extract,EE)含量分别较CK提高29.82%、9.31%,粗灰分(crude ash,CA)含量较CK降低14.54%,粗纤维(crude fiber,CF)含量与CK差异不显著。【结论】在试验地区及其相似地区采用垄覆膜沟覆秸秆集雨种植紫花苜蓿,可以促进苜蓿出苗和成苗,提高苜蓿越冬率,促进苜蓿生长,显著提高苜蓿干草产量的同时有效改善干草的品质,最终实现高产、优质的双重目标。

... 目前在美国市场上出售的苜蓿,主要根据其粗蛋白质含量进行等级划分,按质论价^[19,20] ...

2014

0.0

刘晓静, 张进霞, 李文卿, 范俊俊. 施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(6): 1516-1526.

Liu X

, Zhang J

, Li W

, Fan J

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of Gansu, China.

Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(6): 1516-1526. (in Chinese)

A randomized block experiment was carried out in the central arid region of the Loess Plateau to explore the effects of nitrogen (0,51.75,103.5 kg·hm -2 ), phosphorus (0,126,252 kg·hm -2 ) and cutting times (3,4 mowing) on the yield, plant height and quality of " Gannong No.3" alfalfa. The results showed that: in arid areas, under irrigation, application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer could significantly improve the yield, regeneration rate and quality of the "Gannong No.3" alfalfa in the planting year; and cutting 4 times were better than 3 times. The nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer had increased the content of crude protein, decreased in the detergent fiber and acid fiber content of alfalfa. mow cut four times had better quality. They all had better effect on the treatment of low phosphorus, high nitrogen (N 103.5 kg·hm -2 +P 2 O 5 126 kg·hm -2 ). The effects on nitrogen fertilizer were stronger than that of phosphate fertilizer. Meanwhile, the yield of alfalfa in second year was significantly higher than that of the first year, and the amplitude of first annual increase significantly over the second year. So, in the test area, it was more effective to apply fertilizer on "Gannong 3" alfalfa in planting year, and the second year was still valuable. It can mowing four times in the planting year under fertilizer combination N 103.50 kg·hm -2 +P 2 O 5 126 kg·hm -2 .

在黄土高原中部干旱区采用随机区组试验,研究3个施氮水平(0、51.75、103.5 kg·hm -2 )和3个磷水平(0、126、252 kg·hm -2 )下不同刈割次数(3、4次)对“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿种植当年和第2年产量、株高、再生速度及品质的影响,并对紫花苜蓿生长两年中各指标进行比较.结果表明:干旱地区“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿在具备灌溉条件下,种植当年施肥可显著提高产量、株高和再生速度,且4次刈割下显著高于3次刈割;施肥也能增加紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量,降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量,4次刈割下品质更好;高氮低磷处理(N 103.5 kg·hm -2 +P 2 O 5 126 kg·hm -2 )下效果最好,单施氮肥较单施磷肥效果好.同时,第2年紫花苜蓿产量显著高于第1年,第1年增幅较第2年明显,说明在试验地区,“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿种植当年施肥更有效,第2年施肥仍有益;在灌溉和配施N103.5 kg·hm -2 +P 2 O 5 126 kg·hm -2 条件下,种植当年即可实现4次刈割.

... hm^-2(第2年)^[21]高90 ...