旱、盐胁迫下黄芪种子萌发及其对水杨酸的响应

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王楠, 高静, 黄文静, 李铂, 唐志书, 宋忠兴. 旱、盐胁迫下黄芪种子萌发及其对水杨酸的响应. 草业科学, 2018,35(1): 106-114
Wang Nan, Gao Jing, Huang Wen-jing, Li Bo, Tang Zhi-shu, Song Zhong-xing. Variations in seed germination and salicylic acid protective effect between two cultivars of Astragalus membranaceus under drought and salt stress . Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(1): 106-114. 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2017-0172
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《草业科学》编辑部

旱、盐胁迫下黄芪种子萌发及其对水杨酸的响应

王楠¹, 高静², 黄文静¹, 李铂¹, 唐志书¹, 宋忠兴¹

1.陕西中医药大学陕西省中药资源产业化协同创新中心,陕西咸阳 712083

2.陕西中医药大学药学院,陕西咸阳 712046

通讯作者：高静(1986-),女,山东淄博人,讲师,博士,主要从事中药资源与鉴定研究。E-mail:[email protected],共同通信作者:唐志书(1972-),男,陕西镇巴人,教授,博士,主要从事中药资源利用研究。E-mail:[email protected]

第一作者:王楠(1983-),男,甘肃兰州人,讲师,博士,主要从事药用植物生理生态研究。E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2017-04-06 接受日期: 2017-07-14

资助项目: 陕西省教育厅专项科研计划(16JK1202); 陕西中医药大学科研基金项目(2016QN33); 国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-C-QIN-45); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-21)

摘要

通过测定不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG)和NaCl胁迫下膜荚黄芪( Astragalus membranaceus)和蒙古黄芪( A. membranaceus var. mongholicus)种子的最终发芽率、发芽势、简化活力指数、苗长、根长、苗干重、根干重等指标,以及不同施用方式和浓度的水杨酸(SA)对重度PEG和NaCl胁迫下两种黄芪种子最终发芽率的影响,旨在研究两种黄芪种子对PEG和NaCl胁迫响应方式的异同及SA对两种黄芪种子在重度PEG和NaCl胁迫下保护效果的差异。结果表明,低浓度PEG和NaCl只能促进膜荚黄芪种子萌发。在-0.5 MPa PEG和-0.7 MPa NaCl处理下,蒙古黄芪种子的活力指数显著优于膜荚黄芪种子( P<0.05)。SA浸种能促进重度PEG和NaCl胁迫下两种黄芪种子的最终发芽率。蒙古黄芪种子的耐胁迫性高于膜荚黄芪种子。两种黄芪种子对SA的响应方式有区别。SA浸种处理优于拌种处理。

关键词: 膜荚黄芪; 蒙古黄芪; 种子萌发; 水杨酸; PEG; NaCl

中图分类号:S567.903.4;Q945.34 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2018)01-0106-09

Variations in seed germination and salicylic acid protective effect between two cultivars of Astragalus membranaceus under drought and salt stress

Wang Nan¹, Gao Jing², Huang Wen-jing¹, Li Bo¹, Tang Zhi-shu¹, Song Zhong-xing¹

1.Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, Shaanxi, China

2. College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China

Corresponding author: Gao Jing E-mail:[email protected];Tang Zhi-shu E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

To study the variations in seed germination between Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl stresses, and to explore the differences in protective effects of salicylic acid (SA) for the two cultivars of A. membranaceus under severe PEG and NaCl stresses, we measured (1) the total germination percentage (TGP), germination energy (GE), vigor index (VI), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) of two cultivars of A. membranaceus under gradually enhanced PEG and NaCl stresses; and (2) the differences in TGP of the two cultivars between application methods and concentrations of SA under severe PEG and NaCl stresses. Our results showed that all measurements of the two cultivars decreased with increasing stress intensity. Both low concentrations of PEG and NaCl can enhance seed germination in A. membranaceus. The VI in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was higher than in A. membranaceus at -0.5 MPa PEG and -0.7 MPa NaCl stress levels ( P<0.05). Soaking seeds with SA can enhance the TGP of of A. membranaceus. and A. membranaceus var. mongholicas The stress tolerance of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was stronger than A. membranaceus. There were significant differences in seed performances between the two cultivars treated with SA. Soaking seeds with SA is was more effective than mixing seeds with SA.

Key words: Astragalus membranaceus; Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus; seed germination; salicylic acid; PEG; NaCl

文章图片

黄芪在中国药典中规定为豆科草本植物膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)或蒙古黄芪(A. membranaceus var. mongholicus)的干燥根^[1]。黄芪产地分布广泛, 甘、陕、川、晋、蒙和东北等地均有种植^[2]。传统中医药理论和实践认为, 黄芪具有益气升阳、行气利水、固表止汗等作用^[3], 而现代医学研究和化学分析证实, 黄芪含有皂苷、多糖、黄酮、氨基酸、叶酸、胆碱等多种化学成分及微量元素, 更加深入的药理研究则阐明黄芪具有增强免疫力、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降血糖等功效^[4], 可以应用于治疗多种病症并取得较好的临床效果。随着对黄芪临床应用方面研究的不断深入, 黄芪应用范围也在不断扩展, 从而导致对黄芪的需求也逐年增多。

随着社会发展, 工业给人类带来福祉的同时也带来了负面影响。环境破坏、土壤污染与退化问题日益凸显, 干旱和盐渍化成为制约生态系统健康的关键问题之一。种子顺利萌发是生态系统重要的组成环节。干旱和土壤盐碱化阻碍种子萌发且对胚的生长发育产生不良影响^{[5, 6]}。近年来, 有关干旱和盐胁迫影响黄芪种子萌发的研究已有大量报道^{[7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]}, 但这类研究均仅选择膜荚黄芪或蒙古黄芪之一作为研究对象, 没有将二者放入同一试验环境中进行对比。膜荚黄芪属于森林草甸中生植物, 而蒙古黄芪则属于旱中生植物^[14], 原初适生环境的不同能导致应对同类胁迫时响应不同。因此, 研究两种黄芪种子应对干旱和盐胁迫时的差异化现象能为今后在环境气候渐变趋势下的选种育种工作提供理论支撑。此外, 目前只有极个别研究探索植物生长发育调节物质— — 水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)如何影响黄芪种子萌发^{[15, 16]}, 而SA对黄芪种子的抗逆性是否有促进作用也鲜见报道。

种子萌发受到内部生理和外部环境的双重调控, 其生长模式常被用作表征种子生活力和抗逆性的重要指示因子。因此, 以膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪为材料, 研究两种黄芪种子的萌发趋势和幼苗发育在等渗压力的干旱和盐胁迫梯度下响应方式的异同, 探索两种黄芪在干旱和盐胁迫下的耐受性差异, 为两种黄芪响应生境恶化提供理论支持; 重度胁迫下两种黄芪种子对外源SA施用形式的响应异同, 筛选有效缓解旱/盐害、提高黄芪幼苗耐受性的最适SA浓度及施用方式, 促进黄芪资源在渐变环境尺度下的可持续发展。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪种子均采收于甘肃省宕昌县县域内。由陕西中医药大学药学院高静老师鉴定。膜荚黄芪种子千粒重1.40 g, 蒙古黄芪种子千粒重1.65 g。种子存放在干燥阴凉通风的实验室。NaCl和PEG均为分析纯。

1.2 试验设计

选取籽粒健壮饱满、大小均匀的足量膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪种子, 用1%高锰酸钾消毒20 min后, 蒸馏水冲洗至净, 去除种子表面浮水后待用。

用PEG6000(此后简称PEG)和NaCl溶液模拟干旱胁迫和盐胁迫。试验1:干旱和盐胁迫对两种黄芪种子萌发的影响。分别将PEG和NaCl按溶解浓度配制成5个水势胁迫梯度, 即对照0(CK), -0.1, -0.3, -0.5, -0.7 MPa。试验2:重度干旱和盐胁迫下SA及其施用方式对两种黄芪种子萌发的影响。试验处理设定值参考预试验结果, 将发芽率只有20%左右的胁迫强度设定为研究水势, 即PEG为-0.6 MPa、NaCl为-0.9 MPa; 在预试验中当SA浓度≥ 0.4 mmol· L^-1时对黄芪种子萌发产生抑制, 所以SA设定3个浓度, 即0.1、0.2和0.3 mmol· L^-1。

选择SA拌种和浸种两种方法。拌种:将SA分别与PEG和NaCl配制成符合研究条件水势的溶液, 加入种子发芽床, 使SA始终贯穿整个处理过程。浸种:将黄芪种子浸泡于SA溶液24 h后用蒸馏水冲洗至净后置入发芽床, 此后种子不再与SA接触。试验在垫有两层滤纸的90 mm培养皿中实施, 每个培养皿中30粒种子, 重复3次。本研究在室温和自然光照交替下进行, 以期温度和光照不作为种子的促进或限制因素。

1.3 种子萌发指标测定

每日观察并记录发芽种子数, 发芽9 d后所有处理均无新种子萌发。最终发芽率(total germination percentage, TGP)=发芽种子数/供试总种子数; 发芽势(germination energy, GE)=发芽高峰时段内的发芽数/供试总种子数%, 本研究中采用前4 d的数据; 简化活力指数(vigor index, VI)=TGP× S, S为幼苗生长势, 用萌发后第10天的幼苗平均长度表示。相对PEG或NaCl伤害率(relative damage rate, RDR)=(对照发芽率-处理发芽率)/对照发芽率; 相对发芽率(relative germination rate, RGR)=处理发芽率/对照发芽率。

1.4 幼苗生长指标测定

萌发10 d, 从各重复中随机取出10株幼苗, 测定苗长(shoot length, SL)、根长(root length, RL)、苗干重(shoot dry weight, SDW)、根干重(root dry weight, RDW)。测干重前先105 ℃烘2 h杀青, 后80 ℃烘24 h至恒重。

1.5 数据处理

采用Microsoft Excel 2007软件和IBM SPSS Statistics 21统计分析软件对最终发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、苗长、根长、苗重和根重进行处理和差异显著性检验(LSD法)。

2 结果与分析

2.1 PEG和NaCl胁迫对膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪种子萌发指标的影响

与对照相比, 当PEG和NaCl为-0.1 MPa时, 均对膜荚黄芪种子萌发有促进作用, 但对蒙古黄芪种子却无促进作用(图1)。当PEG和NaCl< -0.3 MPa时开始抑制膜荚黄芪种子萌发; 而当PEG< -0.3 MPa和NaCl< -0.5 MPa时开始抑制蒙古黄芪种子萌发(P< 0.05)。-0.1 MPa的NaCl对膜荚黄芪种子发芽势有显著的促进作用(P< 0.05)(表1)。当PEG和NaCl< -0.3 MPa时, 膜荚黄芪种子和蒙古黄芪种子的发芽势开始下降(P< 0.05)。当PEG和NaCl为-0.1 MPa时, 膜荚黄芪种子的简化活力指数不受影响; NaCl为-0.1 MPa时, 蒙古黄芪种子的简化活力指数不受影响(P> 0.05)。其他处理下, 两种黄芪种子的简化活力指数均下降(P< 0.05)。总体而言, 随着胁迫的增强, 两种黄芪种子的最终发芽率, 发芽势和简化活力指数均呈现下降趋势。

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	图1 膜荚黄芪种子在PEG、NaCl胁迫下和蒙古黄芪种子在PEG、NaCl胁迫下的累积发芽率Fig. 1 The cumulative germination of A. membranaceus under PEG and NaCl stresses and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under PEG and NaCl stresses

表1 PEG和NaCl对膜荚黄芪种子和蒙古黄芪种子的最终发芽率、发芽势、简化活力指数、苗长、根长、相对伤害率和相对发芽率的影响 Table 1 Total germination percentage (TGP), germination energy (GE), vigor index (VI), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), relative damage rate (RDR) and relative germination rate (RGR) of A. membranaceus (A) and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus (AM) under PEG and NaCl stresses

植物 Plant	处理 Treatment/MPa	最终发芽率 TGP/%	发芽势 GE/%	简化活力指数 VI	苗长 SL/cm	根长 RL/cm	相对伤害率 RDR	相对发芽率 RGR
膜荚黄芪 (A)	对照Control	83± 3b	74± 0.04bc	3.30± 0.13ab	1.64± 0.21ab	2.32± 0.26a	0.00	0.00
	-0.1(PEG)	96± 3a	80± 0.09ab	3.19± 0.17bc	1.32± 0.18cd	2.02± 0.26ab	-0.15	1.15
	-0.3(PEG)	77± 3b	62± 0.08c	2.32± 0.26d	1.16± 0.11d	1.86± 0.13b	0.08	0.92
	-0.5(PEG)	53± 6d	41± 0.08de	0.82± 0.32f	0.68± 0.13e	0.86± 0.11d	0.36	0.64
	-0.7(PEG)	3± 3f	-	0.01± 0.01g	0.18± 0.05f	0.23± 0.07e	0.96	0.04
	-0.1(NaCl)	91± 3a	89± 0.08a	3.68± 0.33a	1.76± 0.18a	2.28± 0.25a	-0.09	1.09
	-0.3(NaCl)	83± 3b	73± 0.09bc	2.87± 0.34c	1.46± 0.17bc	1.98± 0.33ab	0.00	1.00
	-0.5(NaCl)	66± 6c	47± 0.12d	1.72± 0.28e	1.14± 0.13d	1.48± 0.16c	0.21	0.79
	-0.7(NaCl)	39± 6e	29± 0.05e	0.44± 0.09f	0.48± 0.15e	0.66± 0.11d	0.53	0.47
蒙古黄芪 (AM)	对照Control	82± 3a	80± 0.09a	2.93± 0.36a	1.72± 0.18a	1.84± 0.19a	0.00	0.00
	-0.1(PEG)	80± 0a	79± 0.07a	2.56± 0.18bc	1.54± 0.25ab	1.66± 0.23ab	0.03	0.97
	-0.3(PEG)	79± 3a	56± 0.07cd	2.27± 0.06cd	1.38± 0.13bc	1.50± 0.16b	0.04	0.96
	-0.5(PEG)	63± 6c	44± 0.11de	1.32± 0.35e	0.98± 0.22d	1.10± 0.14c	0.23	0.77
	-0.7(PEG)	6± 6d	-	0.03± 0.01g	0.20± 0.04f	0.25± 0.03e	0.93	0.07
	-0.1(NaCl)	84± 3a	80± 0.07a	2.92± 0.26ab	1.70± 0.19a	1.76± 0.22ab	-0.03	1.03
	-0.3(NaCl)	79± 3a	71± 0.04ab	2.29± 0.24cd	1.34± 0.23bc	1.56± 0.15ab	0.04	0.96
	-0.5(NaCl)	81± 3a	60± 0.13bc	2.04± 0.05d	1.14± 0.18cd	1.38± 0.22bc	0.02	0.98
	-0.7(NaCl)	71± 6b	36± 0.11e	0.91± 0.05f	0.62± 0.04e	0.66± 0.15d	0.12	0.88

不同小写字母表示相同品种不同处理间差异显著(P< 0.05)。

Different lowercase letters in the same variety show significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 level.

2.2 PEG和NaCl胁迫对膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪幼苗生长发育的影响

全部PEG胁迫和NaCl< -0.3 MPa时, 对膜荚黄芪幼苗长显著抑制(P< 0.05)(表1); PEG和NaCl都< -0.1 MPa时对蒙古黄芪幼苗长显著抑制。当PEG< -0.1 MPa和NaCl< -0.3 MPa时, 对膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪根长显著抑制(P< 0.05)。上述抑制作用均随胁迫强度加剧而增加。不同处理对种子萌发和生长的促进或抑制通过相对伤害率值体现。当PEG和NaCl为-0.1 MPa时对膜荚黄芪种子有益, 当NaCl为-0.1 MPa时对蒙古黄芪种子无害。其他处理下, 随着PEG和NaCl胁迫强度不断增加, 对两种黄芪种子的伤害程度也在不断加剧。如图2所示, 膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪幼苗及根部干重均随PEG和NaCl胁迫强度增加而减少。两种黄芪苗干重相对下降幅度基本一致, 而根干重下降变化存在差异。在-0.5 MPa PEG和-0.7 MPa NaCl胁迫下, 膜荚黄芪根部干重下降幅度多于蒙古黄芪。

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图2 PEG和NaCl胁迫对膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪的苗干重和根干重的影响
不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪在不同胁迫下干重差异显著性(P< 0.05)。Fig. 2 The shoot dry weight and root dry weight of A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under PEG and NaCl stresses
Different lowercases and capital letters indicate significant differences among different treatments of dry weight of A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus at the 0.05 level.

2.3 水杨酸对重度PEG和NaCl胁迫下膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪种子萌发的影响

如图3所示, 对于两种黄芪而言, 水杨酸(SA)在促进重度PEG和NaCl胁迫下种子萌发均是浸种方式要好于拌种方式。重度PEG胁迫下, 膜荚黄芪种子在0.1、0.2和0.3 mmol· L^-1SA拌种处理下, 发芽率分别是15%、9%和8%, 均小于重度PEG胁迫对照发芽率(17%); 而在SA浸种处理下, 发芽率分别是76%、70%和83%, 接近空白对照水平(88%)。重度NaCl胁迫下, 膜荚黄芪种子在0.1、0.2和0.3 mmol· L^-1拌种处理下, 发芽率分别是21%、22%和11%, 前两个处理与重度NaCl胁迫对照发芽率(21%)无显著差异(P> 0.05), 最后的处理显著小于胁迫对照(P< 0.05); 而在SA浸种处理下, 发芽率分别是6%、34%和43%, 显著高于重度NaCl胁迫对照发芽率(21%)。重度PEG胁迫下, 蒙古黄芪在3种SA浓度的拌种处理下, 发芽率分别是7%、9%和0, 均显著小于重度PEG胁迫对照发芽率(18%); 而在SA浸种处理下, 发芽率分别是84%、54%和1%, 0.1 mmol· L^-1 SA浸种处理达到空白对照水平(82%)。重度NaCl胁迫下, 蒙古黄芪在3种SA浓度的拌种处理下, 发芽率分别是12%、12%和14%, 与重度NaCl胁迫对照发芽率(14%)无显著差异; 而在SA浸种处理下, 发芽率分别是29%、30%和43%, 显著高于重度NaCl胁迫对照发芽率(14%)。

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图3 水杨酸拌种(MS)和浸种(SS)处理对膜荚黄芪种子在重度PEG、重度NaCl胁迫下和蒙古黄芪种子在重度PEG、重度NaCl胁迫下的发芽率Fig. 3 The germination rate of A. membranaceus under severe PEG and severe NaCl stresses and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under severe PEG and severe NaCl stresses between mixing seed with SA (MS) and soaking seed with SA (SS)

3 讨论与结论

种子萌发时遭受到干旱和盐胁迫, 其膜系统、酶活性和生理代谢过程均会发生变化^{[17, 18, 19, 20]}。本研究结果符合前人总结趋势, 最终发芽率、发芽势、简化活力指数、苗长、根长、苗干重和根干重均随PEG和NaCl胁迫强度的增加而下降。

膜荚黄芪种子和蒙古黄芪种子在轻微干旱和盐胁迫下有不同的响应方式。PEG和NaCl均为-0.1 MPa时对膜荚黄芪种子的萌发具有促进作用。适度干旱能够促进种子萌发已在多种植物包括膜荚黄芪上被证实^{[7, 21, 22]}, 有观点认为其作用机理可以从种子吸胀过程中防止膜损伤加快膜修复的膜系统保护机制和加速新陈代谢及核酸产生的酶活性角度于以解释^[23]。低浓度NaCl对膜荚黄芪种子萌发具有促进作用也已有报道, 其原因被推测为低浓度NaCl溶液提供了适宜浓度的离子从而激活部分酶活性或是由于Na⁺进入到种子中, 降低了水势, 从而促进吸胀吸水^{[10, 18]}。同时, 也有研究报道了低浓度PEG或NaCl也能促进蒙古黄芪种子萌发^{[8, 9]}。但是, 在本研究中, 蒙古黄芪种子置于-0.1 MPa的PEG和NaCl下均无促进作用。杨祎辰等^[9]使用不同浓度PEG处理蒙古黄芪种子24~48 h后随即停止胁迫, 韩多红等^[8]使用NaCl+Na₂CO₃混合溶液对蒙古黄芪种子进行处理, 这与本研究所使用的持续PEG胁迫和NaCl单一处理有着本质不同。蒙古黄芪作为一种旱中生植物, 它的适生地时常遭遇轻度干旱和盐碱胁迫, 那么它的种子能否被低浓度PEG或NaCl所影响或者不受胁迫所影响的浓度范围是多少还需要进一步地研究。

在本研究中, 随着高浓度PEG和NaCl的施用, 两种黄芪种子的最终发芽率、发芽势、简化活力指数、苗长、根长、苗干重和根干重均被明显抑制。在-0.5 MPa PEG和-0.7 MPa NaCl下, 两种黄芪种子的耐受性差异明显, 蒙古黄芪种子萌发及苗长和根长较对照的下降幅度显著小于膜荚黄芪种子较对照的下降幅度(P< 0.05)。因此, 蒙古黄芪作为旱中生植物, 其旱/盐耐受力要强于膜荚黄芪。本研究中, 虽然PEG和NaCl均能抑制两种黄芪种子萌发, 但是在等渗条件下, PEG的效果要强于NaCl。由于高浓度NaCl下种子的发育表现要好于高浓度PEG下的种子, 所以可以认为NaCl提供的离子效应在本研究中是一种正效应或能与渗透胁迫相拮抗, 从而减轻种子遭受渗透胁迫程度, 其原因推测为:溶液中的Na⁺进入到细胞中, 降低细胞水势, 从而促进吸水^[18]。

目前, 已有大量文献证明适量水杨酸(SA)可以促进种子萌发且能起到缓解环境胁迫的作用^{[15, 16, 24, 25]}。当植物处于干旱或盐胁迫时, 水分亏缺和离子毒害会导致活性氧等有害物质大量生成, 细胞膜脂过氧化程度加剧和电解质泄漏等不良生理反应, 此时植物需要通过渗透调节系统和抗氧化物质, 来进行抗氧化防御, 防止过度失水, 清除活性氧物质, 保持生物膜的完整性^{[26, 27]}。SA能调节可溶性蛋白含量, 降低膜的渗透性, 提高抗氧化酶和非酶类抗氧化系统的活性, 从而提高渗透势, 限制Na⁺的内流, 减少活性氧数量和缓解细胞的损伤程度^{[25, 28]}。在本研究中, 采用SA浸种处理的两种黄芪种子发芽率均显著优于拌种处理(P< 0.05)。浸种处理能在种子获取SA的同时进行吸胀作用获取水分用以支持胁迫下种子的萌发; 而拌种处理下, 虽然SA一直都存在于溶液中, 但是胁迫产生的抑制作用远大于SA的补偿作用。SA浸种后的两种黄芪种子在PEG下的发芽率要高于NaCl下的发芽率, 说明SA与PEG和NaCl存在不同的化学反应。此外, 膜荚黄芪种子的发芽率在PEG和NaCl下对SA的浓度差异没有明显的反应; 而蒙古黄芪种子的发芽率在PEG下随着SA浓度的增加而减少, 在NaCl下却随着SA浓度的增加有小幅上升。SA的抗性机制是通过结合其他植物激素参与的复杂信号转导网络实现的, 不同浓度的SA在不同环境条件下对不同植物品种或器官的作用存在巨大差异^{[29, 30]}。SA也可以通过拮抗作用对植物达到保护效果^[31]。PEG只具有渗透胁迫效果, 而NaCl兼具渗透胁迫和离子效应^[32], 因此是否由于种子自身含有的化学物质能与SA和NaCl发生反应, 从而导致在不同浓度SA、PEG和NaCl下蒙古黄芪种子截然不同的萌发表现这一猜测还需要进一步研究。

综上所述, 虽然渗透胁迫和离子毒害对于种子的生长发育属于逆境胁迫^{[33, 34]}, 但是轻度PEG和NaCl胁迫可以在一定程度上促进膜荚黄芪种子萌发。蒙古黄芪由于适生生境的影响, 其种子对干旱和盐胁迫的耐受能力要强于膜荚黄芪种子。此外, 膜荚黄芪种子和蒙古黄芪种子应对SA处理产生差异化表现的深层次原因还需更进一步的研究。

(责任编辑张瑾)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[32]	周璐璐, 伏兵哲, 许冬梅, 陈丽萍, 吴小娟, 高雪芹. 盐胁迫对沙芦草萌发特性影响及耐盐性评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259. Zhou L L, Fu B Z, Xu D M, Chen L P, Wu X J, Gao X Q. *Effects of salt stress on germination characteristics of Agropyron mongolicum* and salt tolerance evaluation*. Pratacultural Science*, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[33]	石新建, 王彦芹, 李志军. 盐旱胁迫对花花柴种子萌发与幼苗生理生化特性的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(9): 1855-1862. Shi X J, Wang Y Q, Li Z J. *Physiological changes during seed germination and seedling development in Karelinia caspia* Less. under drought and salinity stress*. Pratacultural Science*, 2017, 34(9): 1855-1862. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[34]	傅蕾, 李霞, 高璐, 蒋建雄, 孙建中. 盐胁迫下泛菌属内生细菌对杂交狼尾草发芽及生理的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(10): 2099-2108. Fu L, Li X, Gao L, Jiang J X, Sun J Z. Endophytic bacteria can mitigate salinity stress on seed germination and physiology in hybrid Pennisetum. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(10): 2099-2108. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

2014

0.0

杨庆珍, 刘德旺, 王冬梅, 付娟, 黄林芳. 黄芪生态型与品质的相关性研究. 中草药, 2014, 45(16): 2395-2399.

Yang Q

, Liu D

, Wang D

, Fu

, Huang L

. Correlation on quality and ecotype of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2014, 45(16): 2395-2399. (in Chinese)

... mongholicus)的干燥根^[1] ...

2004

0.0

赵一之. 黄芪植物来源及其产地分布研究. 中草药, 2004, 35(10): 1189-1190.

Zhao Y

. Origin and distribution of Astragalus membranaceus. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2004, 35(10): 1189-1190. (in Chinese)

《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》1963年版和1977年版中记载“黄芪为豆科植物膜荚黄芪(黄芪)Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch．)Bunge或蒙古黄芪A．membranaceus(Fisch．)Bunge var．mongholicus (Bunge) Hsiao的干燥根”。在之后的1985年版、1990年版、1995年版、

... 黄芪产地分布广泛,甘、陕、川、晋、蒙和东北等地均有种植^[2] ...

2001

0.0

彭卫华, 曲强. 黄芪治疗肾脏疾病的现代药理研究. 中国中西医结合肾病杂志, 2001, 2(10): 614-616.

Peng W

, Qu

. Modern pharmacological study on treatment with renal diseases by Astragalus. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, 2001, 2(10): 614-616. (in Chinese)

黄芪在肾脏疾病的治疗及辅助治疗中广泛应用,如急慢性肾炎、肾病综合征( nephrotic syndrome,NS)、糖尿病肾病、急慢性肾衰竭等.传统中医认为,黄芪具有补益脾肾、益气升阳、行气利水等功效;现代药理研究证实,黄芪可通过提高血浆白蛋白水平、调节脂质代谢、促进水钠排泄、改善高凝状态、减轻肾损伤、保护肾功能等作用来治疗肾病 ,现就相关研究进展作一综述.

... 传统中医药理论和实践认为,黄芪具有益气升阳、行气利水、固表止汗等作用^[3],而现代医学研究和化学分析证实,黄芪含有皂苷、多糖、黄酮、氨基酸、叶酸、胆碱等多种化学成分及微量元素,更加深入的药理研究则阐明黄芪具有增强免疫力、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降血糖等功效^[4],可以应用于治疗多种病症并取得较好的临床效果 ...

2010

0.0

2010

0.0

薛乃雯, 冷平生, 孙譞, 王倩, 何敬房. 土壤干旱胁迫对 8 种景天属植物生长与生理生化指标的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(13): 302-307.

Xue N

, Leng P

, Sun

, Wang

, He J

. The influence of soil drought stress on 8 species of Sedum’s growth and physiological and biochemical indexes. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(13): 302-307. (in Chinese)

... 干旱和土壤盐碱化阻碍种子萌发且对胚的生长发育产生不良影响^[5,6] ...

2014

0.0

蔺吉祥, 高战武, 王颖, 于兴洋, 邵帅, 李晓宇. 盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子发芽的协同影响. 草地学报, 2014, 22(2): 312-318.

Lin J

, Gao Z

, Wang

, Yu X

, Shao

, Li X

. Synergistic effects of salt and alkaline stresses on the seed germination of Medicago sativa. Acta Agrectir Sinica, 2014, 22(2): 312-318. (in Chinese)

Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) was taken as research material. Saline stress was simulated by mixing NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 in different molar ratios. Similarly, alkaline stress was simulated by mixing NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 with different molar ratios. Six groups (A to F) with different Na + concentrations and pH values were designed. Results showed that the germination rate of alfalfa seed was promoted by lower concentration. The germination indices of alfalfa seed (germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor index) were all decreased with the increase of salinity and the decreasing degree were more obvious with increasing the proportion of alkaline salt, whereas mean germination days were increased. Radicle was more tolerant to saline and alkaline stresses compared with embryo. These data indicated that the mixed salinity-alkalinity stresses were different from either saline or alkaline stress. The interactions of saline and alkaline stresses increased with the increase of salt concentration. Plant was damaged severely by the synergy of both stresses.

以紫花苜蓿（ Medicago sativa ）为材料，在实验室内模拟土壤复杂盐碱逆境条件，将2种中性盐NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 与2种碱性盐NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 以不同的摩尔比例混合，按碱性盐比例递增的顺序共设置A～F组，同时每个组又设置6种盐浓度（24～168 mM），涵盖Na + 浓度为32～192 mM，pH为7.03～10.68范围的盐碱生境，试验共模拟出36种盐度和碱度（pH值）各不相同的盐碱条件，并对胁迫下苜蓿种子发芽指标进行了测定。结果表明：低浓度胁迫对苜蓿种子发芽有一定的促进作用，在各胁迫处理组下苜蓿种子的发芽指标（发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数）均随着盐浓度的增加不断下降，且碱性盐比例越大下降越明显，而平均发芽天数逐渐增加。胚根与胚芽生长表现出与发芽相似的变化规律，并且胚根适应盐碱能力更强。因此，复合盐碱胁迫不同于单独的盐或碱胁迫，一旦浓度较高时，盐和碱的交互作用更明显，二者存在明显的协同作用，加剧了对植物的伤害。

... 干旱和土壤盐碱化阻碍种子萌发且对胚的生长发育产生不良影响^[5,6] ...

2013

0.0

何军, 浦俊, 王渭玲, 高青鸽. 引发对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(5): 233-237.

, Pu

, Wang W

, Gao Q

. Effects of different priming treatments on germination and seedling drought-resistances of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2013, 31(5): 233-237. (in Chinese)

Objective: Physiological effects of seed priming on drought resistance of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. seedlings were studied in this paper. Method: After Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.seeds were subject to different priming with H 2 O, 20% PEG-6000,0.25% KNO 3 ,100 mg·L -1 GA3 and 12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA respectively for germination experiment, seedlings were under 20% PEG-6000 simulated drought stress to measure drought related physiological indicators. Results: The sequence of Germination energy and germination percentage was identical: 12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA＞100 mg·L -1 GA3＞0.25% KNO 3 ＞20% PEG-6000＞H 2 O＞CK; and the sequence of Simplified vigor index was 0.25% KNO 3 ＞100 mg·L -1 GA3≈20% PEG-6000＞H2O＞12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA＞CK. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein content, proline content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase activity (CAT) of seedling have a significant difference between CK.According to comparing the Average value of subordinate function, the rank of drought resistance was H 2 O＞20% PEG-6000＞0.25% KNO3≈12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA＞CK＞100 mg·L -1 GA3. Conclusion: 20% PEG-6000, or 0.25% KNO 2 can effectively promote seed germination and improve seedling drought resistance.

本研究目的在于分析种子引发处理后黄芪发芽特性及幼苗抗旱性，探索提高黄芪种子萌发率的方法，为人工栽培黄芪提供技术支撑。采用20% PEG-6000、0.25% KNO 3 、100 mg·L -1 GA3、12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA及H 2 O（对照）5种化学物质引发处理黄芪种子，进行萌发试验及干旱胁迫，测定种子萌发特性及有关抗旱生理指标。结果表明：各处理发芽势、发芽率的一致顺序为12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA＞100 mg·L -1 GA3＞0.25% KNO 3 ＞20% PEG-6000＞H 2 O。幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）、过氧化物酶活性（POD）和过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）与CK之间存在显著差异。比较各处理黄芪幼苗的隶属函数平均值可看出，不同引发处理黄芪种子，幼苗的抗旱性顺序为H 2 O＞20% PEG-6000＞0.25% KNO 3 ≈12.5 mg·L -1 6-BA＞CK＞100 mg·L -1 GA3。结论：采用20% PEG-6000或0.25% KNO 3 作为引发剂处理黄芪种子，可有效促进黄芪种子萌发和提高幼苗抗旱性。

... 近年来,有关干旱和盐胁迫影响黄芪种子萌发的研究已有大量报道^{[7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},但这类研究均仅选择膜荚黄芪或蒙古黄芪之一作为研究对象,没有将二者放入同一试验环境中进行对比 ...

... 适度干旱能够促进种子萌发已在多种植物包括膜荚黄芪上被证实^[7,21,22],有观点认为其作用机理可以从种子吸胀过程中防止膜损伤加快膜修复的膜系统保护机制和加速新陈代谢及核酸产生的酶活性角度于以解释^[23] ...

2013

0.0

韩多红, 张勇, 晋玲. 碱性盐及混合盐碱胁迫对蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响. 中草药, 2013, 44(12): 1661-1666.

Han D

, Zhang

, Jin

. Effect of basic salt and mixed salt-alkali stress tolerance on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Astraglus membranaceus var. mongholicus. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2013, 44(12): 1661-1666. (in Chinese)

Objective To compare the effects of Na 2 CO 3 and NaCl + Na 2 CO 3 at different concentration on the seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Astraglus membranaceus var. mongholicus , analyze the stress degrees of the both two on A. membranaceus var. mongholicus , and search for the effective ways for improving the resistance of seeds and seedlings under salt stress. Methods Several physiological indexes of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus seeds under different salt treatments, such as the germination vigor ( G v), germination rate ( G r), relative germination rate, and relative salt damage rate were measured. And other indexes of the seedlings like chlorophyll contents, soluble protein contents, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were also measured. Results Na 2 CO 3 and NaCl + Na 2 CO 3 at lower concentration could promote the seed germination but inhibit the seed germination at higher concentration. The inhibition was increased with the concentration increasing. The germination indexes of each treatment had the significant differences compared with the control ( P Conclusion The stress of NaCl + Na 2 CO 3 is higher than that of Na 2 CO 3 on the seeds and seedlings of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus .

目的比较不同浓度的Na 2 CO 3 和NaCl＋Na 2 CO 3 处理下蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗的部分生理指标，分析2种盐对蒙古黄芪的胁迫程度大小，寻找提高蒙古黄芪种子及幼苗在盐碱胁迫下抗性能力的途径。方法测定不同浓度的Na 2 CO 3 和NaCl＋Na 2 CO 3 胁迫下蒙古黄芪种子的发芽势（ G v）、发芽率（ G r）、相对发芽率、相对盐害率，并对幼苗的叶绿素量、可溶性蛋白质量、丙二醛（MDA）量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性进行了测定。结果较低浓度的Na 2 CO 3 和NaCl＋Na 2 CO 3 处理，对种子的萌发具有促进作用，较高浓度的处理对种子萌发有抑制作用，且抑制程度随处理浓度的增加而加强，各处理的各项萌发指标与对照相比，都具有显著的差异（ P ＜0.05）。随着2种处理液浓度的增加，叶绿素量随之逐渐减少，可溶性蛋白质的量也逐渐降低，二者都与处理浓度呈负相关；但幼苗中MDA量呈增加趋势，与处理浓度呈正相关。随着2种处理浓度的增加，SOD、POD活性均不同程度地表现为先上升后下降的趋势，在50 mmol/L时，达到了最大值。结论 NaCl＋Na 2 CO 3 对蒙古黄芪种子及幼苗的胁迫程度大于Na 2 CO 3 。

... 同时,也有研究报道了低浓度PEG或NaCl也能促进蒙古黄芪种子萌发^[8,9] ...

... 杨祎辰等^[9]使用不同浓度PEG处理蒙古黄芪种子24~48 h后随即停止胁迫,韩多红等^[8]使用NaCl+Na₂CO₃混合溶液对蒙古黄芪种子进行处理,这与本研究所使用的持续PEG胁迫和NaCl单一处理有着本质不同 ...

2015

0.0

杨祎辰, 牛惠杰, 张跃进, 王渭玲, 李树娜, 张降林. 干旱胁迫对蒙古黄芪种子萌发及生长生理的影响. 种子, 2015, 34(3): 30-35.

Yang Y

, Niu H

, Zhang Y

, Wang W

, Li S

, Zhang J

. Effects of drought stress on germination and growth physiology of Mongolian Astragalus. Seed, 2015, 34(3): 30-35. (in Chinese)

目的:以PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,探讨蒙古黄芪种子的萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应,为蒙古黄芪抗旱栽培提供技术依据.方法:采用滤纸做发芽床,清水为对照,用浓度分别为10％、20％、30％的PEG-6000溶液处理蒙古黄芪种子,测定黄芪种子的萌发率、幼苗生长量及叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量等抗旱生理指标.结果:10％ PEG-6000浸种48 h显著提高了黄芪种子的发芽率,20％ PEG-6000浸种48 h显著促进黄芪幼苗的生长.丙二醛、脯氨酸含量均随着PEG-6000浓度的升高而增加;丙二醛含量随着浸种时间的延长而增加,脯氨酸含量与浸种时间无显著相关性.根系活力、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素a、b、a+b含量以及a/b值随着浸种时间的延长显著增加,而随着PEG浓度的升高除叶绿素b含量呈持续下降趋势外,其他各项指标均呈现先升高后降低的趋势.结论:中低浓度的PEG溶液处理蒙古黄芪种子有利于种子萌发和幼苗生长,而浓度过高则会出现抑制作用.可以选择20％ PEG-6000浸种48 h处理黄芪种子,提高蒙古黄芪幼苗抗旱性.

... 同时,也有研究报道了低浓度PEG或NaCl也能促进蒙古黄芪种子萌发^[8,9] ...

2012

0.0

韩多红, 晋玲, 张勇. NaCl胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响. 中草药, 2012, 43(10): 2045-2049.

Han D

, Jin

, Zhang

. Effects of NaCl stress on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Astraglus membranaceus. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2012, 43(10): 2045-2049. (in Chinese)

... 低浓度NaCl对膜荚黄芪种子萌发具有促进作用也已有报道,其原因被推测为低浓度NaCl溶液提供了适宜浓度的离子从而激活部分酶活性或是由于Na⁺进入到种子中,降低了水势,从而促进吸胀吸水^[10,18] ...

2005

0.0

李景欣, 高春宇, 毕晓秀. NaCl胁迫对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 内蒙古林业科技, 2005, 17(3): 11-14.

Li J

, Gao C

, Bi X

. Impaction to the NaCl stress in the stage of seed germination and seedlings of Radis astragali. Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology, 2005, 17(3): 11-14. (in Chinese)

研究不同浓度NaCl的处理下,对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:低浓度盐处理有利于促进种子萌发,对幼苗的生长也未表现出不利影响;随盐胁迫浓度的增大,黄芪种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗的生长在形态上都表现出盐害效应.

2010

0.0

崔兴国. 盐胁迫对黄芪种子萌发的影响. 衡水学院学报, 2010, 12(4): 31-32.

Cui X

. Effect of salt stress on seed germination of Astragalus membranaceus. Journal of Hengshui University, 2010, 12(4): 31-32. (in Chinese)

2007

0.0

刘宇, 王萍娟, 李天昊, 王德, 刘霞. 聚乙二醇渗透处理对膜荚黄芪种子发芽及幼苗抗冷害的影响. 吉林农业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 61-64.

Liu

, Wang P

, Li T

, Wang

, Liu

. Effect of PEG on seed germination and chilling resistance of seedling in Astragalus membranaceus. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2007, 29(1): 61-64. (in Chinese)

2011

0.0

吴松权, 全雪丽, 刘继生. 膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪花药发育比较研究. 辽宁林业科技, 2011, 38(6): 11-13.

Wu S

, Quan X

, Liu J

. A comparative study on anther development of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology, 2011, 38(6): 11-13. (in Chinese)

摘　要：采用常规石蜡切片技术,对膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪小孢子发育进行细胞学观察,对小孢子不同发育时期与花蕾大小相关性进行研究。结果表明：膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪花粉母细胞呈圆形排列,小孢子四分体均属四面体型,减数分裂、胞质分裂属同时型,绒毡层属分泌型,花粉粒属二细胞型,花粉粒外壁上均有3个膜状突起。膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪小孢子各发育时期与花蕾大小之间存在较密切的相关性。

... 膜荚黄芪属于森林草甸中生植物,而蒙古黄芪则属于旱中生植物^[14],原初适生环境的不同能导致应对同类胁迫时响应不同 ...

2015

0.0

张学明, 李彩艳, 郭秋香, 丁海麦. 水杨酸和油菜素内酯对黄芪种子萌发的影响. 黑龙江农业科学, 2015, 8(3): 32-34.

Zhang X

, Li C

, Guo Q

, Ding H

. Effects of salicylic acid and brassinolide on seed germination of Astragalus membranaceus. Heilong jiang Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 8(3): 32-34. (in Chinese)

为了促进黄芪的人工栽培,采用0.05、0.10、0.50和1.00 mmol·L-1水杨酸溶液和0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.50%的油菜素内酯溶液处理黄芪种子,研究不同浓度水杨酸和油菜素内酯对黄芪种子萌发的影响。结果表明:0.50mmol·L-1水杨酸和0.05%油菜素内酯浸种能最大程度提高黄芪发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,能够促进黄芪种子萌发和出苗整齐。

... 水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)如何影响黄芪种子萌发^[15,16],而SA对黄芪种子的抗逆性是否有促进作用也鲜见报道 ...

... 目前,已有大量文献证明适量水杨酸(SA)可以促进种子萌发且能起到缓解环境胁迫的作用^{[15,16,24,25]} ...

2014

0.0

朱利君. 水杨酸浸种对黄芪种子萌发的影响. 种子, 2014, 33(7): 97-99.

Zhu L

. Effects of soaking with salicylic acid on seeds germination of Astragalus Membranaceus (Fisch. ) Bge. Seed, 2014, 33(7): 97-99. (in Chinese)

... 水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)如何影响黄芪种子萌发^[15,16],而SA对黄芪种子的抗逆性是否有促进作用也鲜见报道 ...

... 目前,已有大量文献证明适量水杨酸(SA)可以促进种子萌发且能起到缓解环境胁迫的作用^{[15,16,24,25]} ...

2013

0.0

... 3 讨论与结论种子萌发时遭受到干旱和盐胁迫,其膜系统、酶活性和生理代谢过程均会发生变化^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

2015

0.0

鱼小军, 肖红, 徐长林, 景媛媛, 柴成燕. 扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性比较. 植物遗传资源学报, 2015, 16(2): 405-410.

Yu X

, Xiao

, Xu C

, Jing Y

, Chai C

. Comparative study on drought resistance and salt tolerance of Medicago ruthenica and Medicago varia at seed germination period. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2015, 16(2): 405-410. (in Chinese)

To clarify the drought resistance and salt tolerance of Medicago varia and M. ruthenica at seed germination period, the effect of seed germination and seedling growth of the seed of M. ruthenica (collected from Jingtai) and M. varia (Algonquin) were studied by using different concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) and NaCl solution to simulating drought and salt stress. The results showed that the both stress of NaCl and PEG decreased the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index of M. ruthenica and M. varia and inhibited the growth of plumule and radical. The differences of relative germination percentage between M. varia and M. ruthenica seeds were not significant under the PEG stress from -0.3 to -0.9 MPa and -1.5 MPa (P>0.05), but the relative germination percentage of M. varia was significantly higher than that of M. ruthenica under -1.2 MPa (P<0.05). The relative germination index of M. varia was significantly higher than that of M. ruthenica under PEG stress from -0.3 to -1.2 MPa, while the relative radical length were not significantly. The relative germination percentage of M. varia were significantly higher than that of M. ruthenica under the NaCl stress from -0.9 to -1.5 MPa, the relative germination index and relative vigor index of M. varia were significantly higher than that of M. ruthenica under the NaCl stress from -0.3 to -1.2 MPa. The comprehensive evaluation of the relative germination percentage, relative germination index, relative vigor index, relative plumule length and relative radical length of M. ruthenica (Jingtai) and M. varia (Algonquin)was done by membership function method which indicated that the drought tolerance and salt tolerance of M. varia seed were stronger than that of M. ruthenica . This result is not consistent with past understanding of \"drought resistance and salt resistance of M. ruthenica were stronger than that of M. sativa and M. varia.

为明晰扁蓿豆（Medicago ruthenica（Linn.）Trautv.）和苜蓿（Medicago varia Martin.）种子萌发期的抗旱性和耐盐性强弱，以不同浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）和NaCl溶液模拟干旱和盐胁迫，研究了不同程度干旱和盐浓度对采自甘肃景泰的扁蓿豆和苜蓿品种阿尔冈金（M. varia Martin. cv. Algonquin）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，干旱胁迫和盐胁迫降低了扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数，抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。-0.3～-0.9 MPa和-1.5 MPa的PEG处理下苜蓿和扁蓿豆种子的相对发芽率间无显著差异（P>0.05），-1.2 MPa的PEG胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽率显著高于扁蓿豆（P<0.05）。-0.3～-1.2 MPa的PEG胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽指数均显著高于扁蓿豆，其相对芽长无显著差异。NaCl渗透势为-0.9～-1.5 MPa时，苜蓿种子的相对发芽率显著高于扁蓿豆；-0.3～-1.2 MPa的NaCl 胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽指数和相对活力指数均显著高于扁蓿豆。通过种子萌发期的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对胚根长和相对胚芽长5项指标，应用隶属函数法对参试材料种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性进行综合评价的结果表明，苜蓿品种阿尔冈金种子萌发期的抗旱性、耐盐性均强于来自景泰的扁蓿豆。此结果和人们以往对扁蓿豆和苜蓿的认识－“扁蓿豆的抗旱性和耐盐性优于苜蓿”不一致。

... 3 讨论与结论种子萌发时遭受到干旱和盐胁迫,其膜系统、酶活性和生理代谢过程均会发生变化^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

... 由于高浓度NaCl下种子的发育表现要好于高浓度PEG下的种子,所以可以认为NaCl提供的离子效应在本研究中是一种正效应或能与渗透胁迫相拮抗,从而减轻种子遭受渗透胁迫程度,其原因推测为:溶液中的Na⁺进入到细胞中,降低细胞水势,从而促进吸水^[18] ...

2008

0.0

薛建国, 韩建国, 王显国, 邓波, 张铁军, 柳小妮. NaCl和PEG对华北驼绒藜和梭梭种子萌发的影响. 草地学报, 2008, 16(5): 470-474.

Xue J

, Han J

, Wang X

, Deng

, Zhang T

, Liu X

. Effects of NaCl and PEG on seed germination of two xerophytic species Ceratoides arborescens and Haloxylon ammodendron. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2008, 16(5): 470-474. (in Chinese)

... 3 讨论与结论种子萌发时遭受到干旱和盐胁迫,其膜系统、酶活性和生理代谢过程均会发生变化^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

2015

0.0

... 3 讨论与结论种子萌发时遭受到干旱和盐胁迫,其膜系统、酶活性和生理代谢过程均会发生变化^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

2015

0.0

徐振朋, 宛涛, 蔡萍, 张雅荣, 于静, 孟超. PEG模拟干旱胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发及生理特性的影响. 中国草地学报, 2015, 37(5): 75-80.

Xu Z

, Wan

, Cai

, Zhang Y

, Yu

, Meng

. Effects of PEG simulated drought stress on germination and physiological properties of Apocynum venetum Seeds. Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2015, 37(5): 75-80. (in Chinese)

摘　要：为探讨水分胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的生理效应,用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱对种子进行胁迫,研究不同浓度（0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%）溶液处理对种子萌发率、日相对萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、保护酶活性和有机调节物质的影响。结果表明：在轻度干旱（5%、10%浓度时）胁迫下PEG促进种子萌发及幼苗生长,但与对照组比差异不显著。其后随着PEG浓度增加出现抑制作用,浓度越大,指标降幅越大。幼苗丙二醛、脯氨酸含量随PEG浓度增加呈上升趋势,可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物酶和过氧化物酶活性先上升后下降,过氧化氢酶活性变化不规律,总体呈下降趋势。

2013

0.0

李志萍, 张文辉, 崔豫川. PEG模拟干旱胁迫对栓皮栎种子萌发及生长生理的影响. 西北植物学报, 2013, 33(10): 2043-2049.

Li Z

, Zhang W

, Cui Y

. Effects of peg simulated drought stress on seed germination and growth physiology of Quercus variabilis. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2013, 33(10): 2043-2049. (in Chinese)

In order to study the water tolerance of Quercus variabilis in seed germination stage,the effects of different concentrations (0%,5%,10%,20%,30%) of PEG stress on seed germination,growth,protective enzyme activities and the organic osmoregulation substances were measured with choosing fresh cork oak seeds and using Petri dish and filter paper germination method.The correlation analyses were done between seed germination,radicle growth rate and PEG stress.The results showed that:(1)With the increasing of drought stress,seed germination rate,vigor index,germination index and radicle length of cork oak were all increased then decreased,showing that low concentration PEG stress (5%,10%) can promote the cork oak seed germination and growth,whereas high concentrations (20%,30%) had inhibition effects.(2)The regression equation between seed germination,radicle growth rate and PEG stress showed that the critical and the maximum value of the seed germination of Q.variabilis were 32.01% and 36.99%,while the corresponding radicle growth rates were 30.1% and 33.35% under the PEG stress.(3)With the increase of PEG concentration,three protective enzyme (SOD,POD and CAT) activities and contents of three kinds of organic osmoregulation substances were presented different responses,but had a same rising trend.Thus it can be seen that cork oak seeds increased protective enzyme activities and contents of osmotic regulation substances in vivo to adapt to the water stress,making the inhibition degree of germination and growth to the minimum.

为了阐明栓皮栎种子萌发期对水分胁迫的耐受性,以当年采集的栓皮栎种子为材料,采用培养皿滤纸萌发的方法研究了不同浓度（0%、5%、10%、20%、30%）PEG-6000溶液对其种子萌发、生长、保护酶活性和有机渗透调节物质的影响,并对种子萌发率、胚根生长速率等与PEG浓度进行了回归分析。结果表明:（1）随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,栓皮栎种子的发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度、胚根生长速率和活力指数均呈先升高后下降趋势,说明低浓度（5%、10%）PEG胁迫可以促进栓皮栎种子萌发及生长,而高浓度（20%、30%）则具有抑制作用。（2）建立水分胁迫条件下种子萌发率、胚根生长速率等与PEG浓度的回归方程发现,栓皮栎种子在PEG胁迫下的萌发临界值和极限值分别为32.01%和36.99%,胚根生长速率的临界值和极限值分别为30.1%和33.35%。（3）随着PEG浓度的升高,栓皮栎种子中3种保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性和3种有机渗透调节物质（可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、可溶性糖）含量呈现不同的变化,但均有不同程度升高趋势。由此可见,栓皮栎种子可通过增加保护酶活性和体内渗透调节物质来适应水分胁迫环境,使自身萌发和生长受抑制程度降到最低。

2016

0.0

刘克彪, 姜生秀. 干旱和钠盐胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发的影响. 草业学报, 2016, 25(5): 214-221.

Liu K

, Jiang S

. Responses of Apoceynum venetum seed germination to drought and salt stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(5): 214-221. (in Chinese)

In order to study the seed germination characteristics of Apoceynum venetum under different stresses of drought and sodium salt, germination was tested with four different osmotic potential and sodium salt solutions (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , NaHCO 3 , compound sodium salt). The results showed that when seeds were treated with the PEG high osmotic potential (-0.05 MPa), low concentration of Na 2 SO 4 (0.2%) and the compound salt solutions (0.2% to 0.6%), the germination rate, index and drought index were more than CK, the average germination times were less than CK and salt damage rate was a negative value. Germination peak was in 2-4 d. The solutions promoted seed germination according to decreasing osmotic potential and increasing salt concentration. The germination potential, rate, index, and drought index gradually reduced, average germination time extended and salt damage rate increased, with germination peak at 2-3 d. When treated with the NaCl and NaHCO 3 solutions, increasing concentrations caused the germination rate, potential and index to significantly decrease. The average germination time was delayed, germination peak was in 2-3 d, seed germination penetration and toxic effects were enhanced. When treated with the PEG and compound salt solutions, the appropriate value, critical value and limit value of osmotic potential and concentration was -0.09, -0.70, -1.30 MPa and 0.85%, 2.04%, 3.22% respectively. When treated with the same concentration of salt solution, the salt injury rate was NaHCO 3 >NaCl>Na 2 SO 4 >compound salt.

为探明罗布麻种子在不同水分和钠盐胁迫下的萌发特性,通过模拟盐渍化土壤溶液渗透势和主要阴离子组成,研究罗布麻种子在PEG-6000不同渗透势溶液和不同钠盐(NaCl、Na 2 SO 4 、NaHCO 3 、复合钠盐)溶液中的萌发情况。结果表明,用PEG高渗透势(-0.05 MPa)溶液、低浓度Na 2 SO 4 (0.2%)和复合钠盐(0.2%~0.6%)溶液处理种子,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、萌发抗旱指数>CK,平均发芽时间<CK,盐害率为负值,发芽高峰期集中于2~4 d,溶液对种子发芽具有促进和增效作用,随着溶液渗透势降低和盐浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、萌发抗旱指数逐步降低,平均发芽时间延长,盐害率增大,发芽高峰期集中于2~3 d。NaCl、NaHCO 3 溶液处理种子,随着浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数有明显降低的趋势,平均发芽时间延迟,发芽高峰期集中于2~3 d,渗透胁迫和毒害作用增强,溶液对种子萌发有明显的抑制和延缓作用。PEG、复合盐溶液处理种子,渗透势和浓度的适宜值、临界值与极限值分别为-0.09,-0.70,-1.30 MPa和0.85%,2.04%,3.22%。用相同浓度的钠盐溶液处理种子,盐害率大小总体依次为NaHCO 3 >NaCl>Na 2 SO 4 >复合钠盐。

2015

0.0

黄玉梅, 张杨雪, 刘庆林, 刘盼, 黄胜岚. 水杨酸对盐胁迫下百日草种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(7): 97-105.

Huang Y

, Zhang Y

, Liu Q

, Liu

, Huang S

. Effects of salicylic acid on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Zinnia elegans under salt stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(7): 97-105. (in Chinese)

Zinnia elegans seed (cultivar “Fangfei No.1”) was treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl. The effects of different concentration of exogenous salicylic acid (SA: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mmol/L) on salt stress-injuries were investigated during seed germination and seedling growth. The results indicated that SA can effectively alleviate the injuries of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Z. elegans . Salicylic acid increased germination vigour, germination percentage, germination index, and subsequently increased plant height, stem diameter, root∶shoot ratio, chlorophyll content, proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxide (POD) activity under salt stress. However, malondialdehyde (MDA) content (indicator of oxidative stress) was decreased by salicylic acid. Salicylic acid concentration of 1.0 mmol/L produced the best effects whereas no mitigation effects were observed on seed germination or seedling growth under salt stress at 2.0 mmol/L salicylic acid. It is suggested that salicylic acid concentrations of 0.5-1.5 mmol/L could be used to alleviate salt stress-induced injuries.

以百日草品种“芳菲1号”为试材,在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫处理下,研究了不同浓度(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5和2.0 mmol/L)水杨酸浸种对百日草种子萌发以及不同浓度水杨酸(SA)注根和叶面喷施对幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果显示,SA一定程度上可以缓解盐胁迫对百日草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。其中,0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mmol/L SA处理的种子具有较高的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数;幼苗株高、茎粗、根冠比增加;叶片叶绿素含量明显升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均变高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。表明0.5~1.5 mmol/L的SA处理通过促进百日草叶片叶绿素合成,保护其光合作用,维持了植物的正常生长;同时,通过调节百日草抗氧化及抗渗透胁迫能力,有效缓解了盐毒害,尤其以1.0 mmol/L效果最佳,2.0 mmol/L的SA处理未见有明显缓解。

... 目前,已有大量文献证明适量水杨酸(SA)可以促进种子萌发且能起到缓解环境胁迫的作用^{[15,16,24,25]} ...

2015

0.0

金一锋, 陈阳, 董亚楠, 王玉书, 陈雅君. 外源水杨酸对草地早熟禾种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响. 种子, 2015, 34(4): 25-28.

Jin Y

, Chen

, Dong Y

, Wang Y

, Chen Y

. Effects of soaking seeds with salicylic acid on seed germination and drought resistance of Poa pratensis L. seedlings. Seed, 2015, 34(4): 25-28. (in Chinese)

... 目前,已有大量文献证明适量水杨酸(SA)可以促进种子萌发且能起到缓解环境胁迫的作用^{[15,16,24,25]} ...

... SA能调节可溶性蛋白含量,降低膜的渗透性,提高抗氧化酶和非酶类抗氧化系统的活性,从而提高渗透势,限制Na⁺的内流,减少活性氧数量和缓解细胞的损伤程度^[25,28] ...

2015

0.0

赫兰保, 徐永清, 李凤兰, 于志强, 刘丹, 蔡振学, 周晶, 李飞, 胡宝忠. 盐胁迫对鲁梅克斯杂交酸模种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(3): 400-405.

He L

, Xu Y

, Li F

, Yu Z

, Liu

, Cai Z

, Zhou

, Li

, Hu B

. Effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Rumex. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(3): 400-405. (in Chinese)

In order to analyze the tolerance of imported Rumex (Rumex patientia × R. tianschanicus cv. Rumex) to salt stress, the germination rate and seedling physiological characteristics of Rumex grown in media with NaCl were studied. The imported Rumex from Ukraine was marked as Material 1, and the native one as control was marked as Material 2. The performance of Material 1 and Material 2 were measured under different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mmol·L-1). The results showed that the germination rate of Material 1 was significantly higher than that of Material 2 (P<0.05) after 7 days growth in stress. Furthermore, after being treated with 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl for 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 d, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities in Material 1 were significantly higher than those in Material 2 (P<0.05) whereas the MDA content in Material 1 was significantly lower than that in Material 2 (P<0.05). These results suggested that Material 1, the imported Rumex from Russia, had a higher salt tolerance than Material 2. Material 1 was an excellent breeding material for saline soil.

为探究国外引进鲁梅克斯杂交酸模（Rumex patientia×R. tianschanicus cv. Rumex）对环境胁迫的适应性，以NaCl为渗透介质模拟盐胁迫，对国外（材料1）和国内（材料2）两个不同来源鲁梅克斯的萌发率及幼苗期抗逆生理指标进行测定分析。结果表明，在不同浓度（0、50、100、150、200、250、300 mmol·L-1）NaCl处理7 d后，材料1的萌发率明显高于材料2。在150 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理7、9、11、13和15 d后，材料1中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于（P＜0.05）材料2，但丙二醛（MDA）含量却显著低于（P＜0.05）材料2。表明材料1耐盐性强于材料2，更适于在盐渍土地上推广种植。

... 当植物处于干旱或盐胁迫时,水分亏缺和离子毒害会导致活性氧等有害物质大量生成,细胞膜脂过氧化程度加剧和电解质泄漏等不良生理反应,此时植物需要通过渗透调节系统和抗氧化物质,来进行抗氧化防御,防止过度失水,清除活性氧物质,保持生物膜的完整性^[26,27] ...

2015

0.0

夏方山, 闫慧芳, 毛培胜, 王明亚, 郑慧敏, 陈泉竹. PEG引发对燕麦老化种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(5): 731-737.

Xia F

, Yan H

, Mao P

, Wang M

, Zheng H

, Chen Q

. Effects of PEG priming on germination and seedlings growth of accelerated ageing oat seeds. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(5): 731-737. (in Chinese)

试验以45℃老化48 d的超干燕麦(Avena sativa)种子(含水量4％)为材料,通过不同渗透势PEG-6000(0、-0.3、-0.6、-0.9和-1.2 MPa)引发0(CK)、3、6和12h,然后分析其发芽率、幼苗根长、芽长、根鲜重及芽鲜重的变化,以探讨PEG引发对燕麦老化种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,高渗透势PEG(0和-0.3 MPa)可显著降低燕麦老化种子的发芽率(P＜0.05),而低渗透势PEG(-0.9和-1.2 MPa)则显著提高了其发芽率(P＜0.05),PEG引发显著促进了燕麦老化种子幼苗根的生长(P＜0.05).然而,PEG引发后燕麦老化种子幼苗根和芽的鲜重,以及芽长均显著下降(P＜0.05).PEG的渗透势、引发时间以及两者之间的交互作用均影响燕麦老化种子的萌发及幼苗生长.因此,在农业生产中,老化后的超干燕麦种子如何应用PEG引发还需要进一步研究探讨.

2015

0.0

江绪文, 李贺勤. 外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下广藿香种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响. 中草药, 2015, 46(15): 2303-2308.

Jiang X

, Li H

. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of Pogostemon cablin under salt stress. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2015, 46(15): 2303-2308. (in Chinese)

Objective To study the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on the seed germination and seedling growth of Pogostemon cablin under salt stress and the optimal concentration of SA for alleviating the salt stress. Methods Under salt stress simulated by 50 mmol/L NaCl solution, P. cablin was used to investigate the effects of exogenous SA on the seed germination and seedling growth with paper media. The germination energy (GE), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), vigor index (VI), seedling length (SL), root length (RL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), and contents of soluble protein (SP) and chlorophyll in the leaves were determined, and the relative salt-damage rate of these indexes was analyzed. Results The seed germination and seedling growth of P. cablin were significantly inhibited under 50 mmol/L NaCl stress. Compared with NaCl stress, the seed germination and seedling growth were improved when SA were 0.10 and 0.25 mmol/L, while reduced when SA was 0.50 mmol/L. GE, GR, GI, VI, SL, RL, SFW, SDW, and contents of SP and chlorophyll were significantly improved by 46.02%, 27.45%, 30.16%, 92.63%, 39.80%, 47.94%, 26.48%, 18.85%, 15.94%, and 14.70% with 0.25 mmol/L SA, as well as MDA content was significantly reduced by 18.35%. Conclusion SA could improve the ability of the seed germination and seedling growth of P. cablin to adapt the environment and alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt stress. Among all the treatments, the optimal concentration of SA is 0.25 mmol/L.

目的研究外源水杨酸(SA)对盐(NaCl)胁迫下广藿香 Pogostemon cablin 种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响, 并筛选缓解盐胁迫的SA最适浓度。方法用50 mmol/L NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫, 采用纸上发芽, 研究不同浓度梯度外源SA处理对盐胁迫下广藿香种子的发芽势(GE)、发芽率(GR)、发芽指数(GI)、活力指数(VI)、苗长(SL)、根长(RL)、苗鲜质量(SFW)、苗干质量(SDW)、叶绿素量(SPAD值)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)量和丙二醛(MDA)量的变化, 并对各指标进行相对盐害率分析。结果盐胁迫显著抑制了广藿香种子萌发和幼苗生长。0.10和0.25 mmol/L SA处理均可有效缓解广藿香盐害程度, 而0.50 mmol/L SA处理却加剧了盐害程度。综合考虑各项指标, 0.25 mmol/L SA处理的盐害缓解效果最好, 与盐对照相比, GE、GR、GI、VI、SL、RL、SFW、SDW、SPAD值和SP量分别显著提高46.02%、27.45%、30.16%、92.63%、39.80%、47.94%、26.48%、18.85%、15.94%和14.70%, 且叶片MDA量显著降低18.35%。结论一定浓度范围的SA可明显缓解盐胁迫对广藿香种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用, 提高广藿香种子的萌发能力和幼苗对环境的适应能力, 以0.25 mmol/L SA效果最佳, 但过高质量浓度SA处理会加剧盐胁迫对广藿香的不利影响。

2010

0.0

孟雪娇, 邸昆, 丁国华. 水杨酸在植物体内的生理作用研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(15): 207-214.

Meng X

, Di

, Ding G

. Progress of study on the physiological role of salicylic acid in plant. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(15): 207-214. (in Chinese)

Salicylic acid is one of the ubiquitously endogenous signal molecules in plant, which has been recognized as a kind of hormones, and has great physiological function such as disease resistance, low temperature resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, ultraviolet radiation resistance, fruit maturity, gardening product preservation and so on. This article summarized the recent research progress of salicylic acid (SA)’s physiological effects on plants.

水杨酸是植物体内普遍存在的内源信号分子之一，已被确认为是一种植物激素，对植物具有重要的生理功能，如在植物的抗病、抗低温、抗旱、抗盐和抗紫外线等抗逆性方面和果实成熟、园艺产品保鲜等方面。本文就近年来水杨酸对植物表现出的各类生理作用的研究进展进行了综述

... SA的抗性机制是通过结合其他植物激素参与的复杂信号转导网络实现的,不同浓度的SA在不同环境条件下对不同植物品种或器官的作用存在巨大差异^[29,30] ...

2014

0.0

夏方山, 毛培胜, 闫慧芳, 王明亚. 水杨酸对植物种子及幼苗抗逆性的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(7): 1367-1373.

Xia F

, Mao P

, Yan H

, Wang M

. Effects of salicylic acid on stress resistance of seeds and seedling. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(7): 1367-1373. (in Chinese)

2009

0.0

... SA也可以通过拮抗作用对植物达到保护效果^[31] ...

2015

0.0

周璐璐, 伏兵哲, 许冬梅, 陈丽萍, 吴小娟, 高雪芹. 盐胁迫对沙芦草萌发特性影响及耐盐性评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259.

Zhou L

, Fu B

, Xu D

, Chen L

, Wu X

, Gao X

. Effects of salt stress on germination characteristics of Agropyron mongolicum and salt tolerance evaluation. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259. (in Chinese)

... PEG只具有渗透胁迫效果,而NaCl兼具渗透胁迫和离子效应^[32],因此是否由于种子自身含有的化学物质能与SA和NaCl发生反应,从而导致在不同浓度SA、PEG和NaCl下蒙古黄芪种子截然不同的萌发表现这一猜测还需要进一步研究 ...

2017

0.0

石新建, 王彦芹, 李志军. 盐旱胁迫对花花柴种子萌发与幼苗生理生化特性的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(9): 1855-1862.

Shi X

, Wang Y

, Li Z

. Physiological changes during seed germination and seedling development in Karelinia caspia Less. under drought and salinity stress. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(9): 1855-1862. (in Chinese)

... 综上所述,虽然渗透胁迫和离子毒害对于种子的生长发育属于逆境胁迫^[33,34],但是轻度PEG和NaCl胁迫可以在一定程度上促进膜荚黄芪种子萌发 ...

2017

0.0

傅蕾, 李霞, 高璐, 蒋建雄, 孙建中. 盐胁迫下泛菌属内生细菌对杂交狼尾草发芽及生理的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(10): 2099-2108.

, Li

, Gao

, Jiang J

, Sun J

. Endophytic bacteria can mitigate salinity stress on seed germination and physiology in hybrid Pennisetum. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(10): 2099-2108. (in Chinese)

... 综上所述,虽然渗透胁迫和离子毒害对于种子的生长发育属于逆境胁迫^[33,34],但是轻度PEG和NaCl胁迫可以在一定程度上促进膜荚黄芪种子萌发 ...