土地利用会对土壤压实产生影响.本文通过对南京市不同功能区、植被类型和利用年限的土壤进行调查研究,了解这些利用情况对土壤压实的影响程度.结果表明:城郊菜地土壤没有被压实,而城区土壤存在不同程度的压实退化现象;城区内部只有公园土壤与道路绿化带土壤之间的通气孔隙度指标差异显著,其他功能区土壤之间压实指标差异不显著.所以,就压实状况而言,城区内并不存在所谓的功能区之间的差异.植被类型和利用年限对城市土壤的压实都有显著的影响.蔬菜地土壤与自然土壤体积质量和孔隙度相近,为无压实土壤,城区除了树下灌木土壤无压实外,其他植被类型下的土壤均有不同程度的压实退化现象,草坪和裸地土壤压实最为严重.从利用年限看,利用时间少于5年的新土压实程度远远大于利用时间在20年以上老土的压实程度.土壤压实严重与城市建设时的机械压实和草坪建成后的人为践踏密切相关,利用较久的老土壤压实较轻,主要是在无进一步人为践踏情况下,植被生长后根系和土壤生物活动有一定的修复作用.乔木和灌木搭配的修复效果最好.

城市土壤普遍存在严重的压实退化现象.由于压实的影响,土壤物理性质发生了显著的改变:结构破坏、容重和硬度增大、孔隙度和渗透性降低.这些重要的变化对土壤生物活动、土壤物理-化学平衡和氧化还原状况、土壤的过滤和缓冲性能都产生影响.由此对环境产生严重的负面效应:地下水的自然回灌减少,地表径流量增加,降雨的径流洪峰加快、加大,地表水体的污染负荷增加.土壤温度、微生物活动、养分转化都不同于自然土壤,植物的生长也受到严重的影响.

由尖孢镰刀菌引起的黄瓜枯萎病是设施黄瓜生产的主要障碍之一,丛 枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)可以和包括黄瓜在内约80％的维管植物的根系形成菌根共生体,适宜的共生体组合对于寄主的生长与抗病性的提高十分有益.为明确 Glomus versiforme与Glomus intraradices两种AM真菌对“津绿3号”黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防治效果.试验采用盆钵培养的方法,研究了两种AM真菌对幼苗生长及其根系3种抗病 相关酶活性的影响.结果表明:两种AM真菌均可促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,并能减轻病害,但以G.versiforme的促生及生防作用更显著,接种 G.versiforme处理的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积及干重均显著大于对照,该处理的幼苗病情指数较对照降低26.6％.菌根化黄瓜幼苗抗病性的提 高一方面与接种病原菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum 前幼苗生长健壮有关；另一方面与根系抗病相关酶活性的提前诱导有关.接种F.oxysporumf.sp.cucumerinum 前,G.versiforme处理的黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数显著高于G.intraradices处理与对照,分别为G.intraradices处理与对照的 1.19倍与1.22倍；G.versiforme处理的黄瓜幼苗根系几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶与PAL酶分别比对照提前2d、7d、7d被诱导, 且酶活性分别为对照的1.44倍、2.16倍和92.00倍.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi( Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices )on growth and physiological response of two species of cool-season turfgrass, Festuca arundinacea and Poa paratensis grown in pots with different NaCl treatment (0, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%) were investigated under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation of AM fungi to increase salt tolerance of F.arundinacea and P.paratensis . There was significant decrease in mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal dependence, plant growth, chlorophyll relative content, salt tolerant coefficient and appearance quality with NaCl concentration increase. All the inoculation treatments with AM fungi could promote the growth, chlorophyll relative content, salt tolerant coefficient and appearance quality of F.arundinacea and P.paratensis plants, and enhance the salt tolerance of the plants. The mycorrhizal colonization and efficiency of dual inoculation of AM fungi were superior than that of the other treatments.

以高羊茅( Festuca arundinacea )和草地早熟禾( Poa paratensis )两种冷季型草坪草为材料,选用广谱型菌种 Funneliformis mosseae 和 Rhizophagus intraradices ,采用盆栽的试验方法,研究丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae,AM)真菌对盐胁迫下(0、0.8%、1.2%和1.6% NaCl)草坪草的生长和生理的影响。结果表明,随着盐浓度的增加,AM真菌对草坪草的侵染率显著降低( P F.mosseae 的效果优于接种 R.intraradices 的处理。

丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM）真菌能与80%以上的陆生植物形成互惠共生体。作为重要的土壤微生物，与宿主植物共生，利用宿主植物光合碳完成自身的生活史，同时增强宿主植物矿质营养吸收，促进植物生长发育，提高植物逆境抵抗能力，这种互惠共生的营养关系对维护生态平衡和农业可持续发展同样具有重要意义。近年来，全球气候变化异常，恶劣环境时有发生，寒害严重影响了东北地区作物生长生产，是导致玉米减产的主要原因之一。本文以东北主要粮食作物—玉米为研究对象，基于室内盆栽实验，首先筛选了适宜低温环境玉米生长的丛枝菌根真菌菌种资源，然后从玉米幼苗抵御低温胁迫的形态生理发育、碳代谢、氮代谢及矿质营养吸收方面系统研究了AM真菌提高玉米抗寒性的生理机制。旨在了解菌根真菌参与宿主抗寒的潜在作用，为开发生物肥料，推动农业可持续发展提供参考。主要研究结果如下： 以幼套球囊霉（Glomus etunicatum）、扭形球囊霉（G. tortuosum）、细凹无梗囊霉（Acaulospora scrobiculata）、根内球囊霉（G. intraradices）四种菌为供试菌株，接种于正常和低温胁迫下的玉米幼苗，进行盆栽试验，从菌根发育、植株生长、渗透剂抗氧化酶方面比较了四种菌的抗寒效果。结果表明低温胁迫显著影响了不同菌种对玉米幼苗根系的侵染，降低了株高和总干重，增加了地上部干重和根冠比，改变玉米幼苗脯氨酸和丙二醛含量，影响了抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）酶活性；接种菌根真菌改变了玉米幼苗的根冠比，增加了脯氨酸含量，降低了丙二醛含量，增强了SOD、CAT、POD活性，总的来说，接种菌根真菌增强了玉米幼苗的抗寒性，但不同菌种提高玉米抗寒性的能力存在差异，综合比较来看，接种G.tortuosum菌株的玉米更具有抗寒潜力。 选用扭形球囊霉（Glomus tortuosum）菌株，通过室内盆栽试验，研究低温胁迫下菌根玉米的碳代谢。结果表明，低温胁迫显著降低菌根侵染率、降低玉米根长、根面积、根体积、地下部干重，降低了玉米叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a/b、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）；增强了玉米幼苗叶片蔗糖合成酶（SS）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶SPS活性、可溶性糖和还原糖含量；常温下，接种菌根真菌降低了玉米株高、叶长、叶宽和叶面积指数；低温下，菌根共生适当增加株高、叶长和叶宽，地上地下比。接种AM真菌显著增加玉米叶片Pn、Gs和Tr。同时接种真菌增加SPS活性，降低SS活性，增强了还原糖和蔗糖含量。说明菌根真菌有效缓解了低温对光合特性的影响，增强了可溶性渗透物质，改变了玉米幼苗碳代谢酶活性，增加了非结构性碳的积累，通过改善玉米碳代谢能力，适应和增强玉米对低温的抵抗能力。 低温胁迫降低了总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和蛋白含量、氨基酸含量，但是增强了氮代谢酶硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶酶活性。接种菌根真菌后，增加了总氮、硝态氮、可溶性蛋白含量和氨基酸含量，常温下接种真菌增加叶片铵态氮含量，低温降低铵态氮浓度。接种菌根真菌同样增强了氮代谢酶活性，如硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶，影响了氮代谢过程，进而影响玉米抗寒性。同时，菌根玉米碳氮代谢关系对比发现，低温胁迫下，菌根真菌降低了胁迫物质生成造成的碳过度损耗，调节玉米碳氮代谢协调平衡关系可能是菌根真菌促进玉米幼苗抗寒性增加有效机制之一。 菌根真菌同样影响了低温胁迫下玉米矿质营养吸收。低温胁迫降低了地上和地下部P含量；也降低了地上部K、Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Cu、和Zn含量；同时降低玉米地上部对Na、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn的吸收和根部对Cu和Zn的吸收。低温下接种AM真菌增加地上部K含量，及地上部对Cu和Zn的吸收；增加玉米根部P和Zn含量，降低根部Al含量。常温下，真菌接种影响根部对Na、Fe、Cu和Zn的吸收，而温度和接种的交互作用显著影响根部Al的含量和吸收。综上表明，低温胁迫下菌根仍然对玉米幼苗矿质营养吸收具有重要贡献，因此从营养供应意义上，菌根真菌可以提高宿主玉米的矿质营养吸收，进而增强光合特性，有利于作物生长和抵抗逆境。

菌根是真菌与植物根系所建立的互惠共生体,其中以丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在自然界中分布最广.在重金属污染条件下,AM真菌可以减轻重金属对植物的毒害,影响植物对重金属的吸收和转运,在重金属污染土壤的植物修复中显示出极大的应用潜力.文章通过讨论菌根植物对重金属修复的作用机制,提出菌根技术在重金属植物修复中应在通过广泛调查、筛选超积累植物的基础上,不断探索植物-菌根体系修复问题,以促进重金属污染土壤的生物修复.

采用土钻法研究了青岛市城阳区悬铃木在四种立地条件下根系空间分布特征,结果表明细根根系主要分布在10～60 cm的土层中.在水平方向上随着离悬铃木主干的距离越远根系分布也呈现递减趋势.立地条件对悬铃木的根系分布特征有明显的影响.在公园绿地条件下悬铃木根系长势最好,其次是绿带,再次是草坪砖,长势最差的是硬质铺装,说明道路铺装对行道树的生长产生了不利的影响.采用环刀法研究了四种立地条件的土壤容重,结果表明随着土层深度的增加土壤容重逐渐增大,说明土壤容重对根系产生一定的影响,其存在负相关性.

我国自燃煤矸石山存量大,污染严重,需要尽快进行全面植被重建和生态修复。自燃煤矸石山治理过程中需要大量覆土,通过压实可以减少覆土量,在压实的土壤上直接进行植被重建可以大量节约成本和客土量,但必须解决土壤压实和植被重建之间的矛盾。本文通过盆栽试验,研究了高羊茅对土壤压实的响应和适应机理,揭示了高羊茅表型生长和细胞膜透性对土壤压实的响应规律,揭示了高羊茅通过调节表型生长、酶活性和可溶性物质适应土壤压实的机理,揭示了高羊茅对土壤厚度变化的响应与适应机理,提出了高羊茅根系分布模型,提出了三个在自燃煤矸石山压实土壤上直接进行植被重建的方案,给出了施工参数,野外工程试验结果表明,植被恢复效果良好,效益显著。

土壤紧实是干旱半干旱地区土壤及设施土壤常见的一种现象,它已成为影响作物生长发育的障碍因子之一。土壤紧实胁迫不仅对作物的生长发育、产量及品质产生不良影响,而且还使土壤质量下降,对农业的可持续发展造成不利影响。因此,研究土壤紧实胁迫对作物生理代谢的影响,探索土壤紧实胁迫对作物产生影响的机理,为干旱半干旱地区土壤及设施土壤的可持续利用提高参考。 试验中用‘津春4号’黄瓜品种为材料,设置紧实土壤的容重为1.55g/cm~3,同时用容重为1.2g/cm~3的土壤作为对照(即疏松土壤),对比研究了生长在这两种容重土壤中黄瓜的抗坏血酸—谷胱甘肽循代谢及根系呼吸代谢状况。取得了如下的研究结果。 1.当土壤发生紧实胁迫时,黄瓜植株发生过氧化作用,活性氧积累,细胞膜受到伤害,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高。同时,抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统被激活,还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、AsA+DHA含量、ASA/DHA显著降低,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量显著提高;还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著下降,氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量、GSSG/GSH比值显著性提高,GSSG+GSH甚微;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APx)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性显著升高。 2.当土壤发生紧实胁迫时,黄瓜根系中糖酵解的产物——丙酮酸累积,有氧呼吸过程受到抑制,有氧呼吸过程中主要酶类——苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)及异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)活性显著下降,有氧呼吸过程中的主要代谢物——苹果酸含量显著下降。黄瓜根系的无氧呼吸过程加强,无氧呼吸过程中主要酶类——丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著提高,无氧呼吸主要产物——乙醛、乙醇和乳酸含量显著升高。

摘　要：

As the global changes,the soil salinization becomes more and more serious and directly impacts plant growth. Festuca arundinacea is one of important lawn plants influenced with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and soil salinization. So how to improve the salt tolerance of F. arundinacea ,is one of the urgent problems to be solved. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effects of AM fungi on improving salt tolerance of F. arundinacea ,and to explore the mechanism of increasing salt tolerance of F. arundinacea by AM fungi. F. arundinacea seeds were inoculated with AM fungus Glomus mosseae and treated with different NaCl concentration (0%,0.8%,1.2% and 1.6%) under pot conditions in a greenhouse. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD,POD and CAT),contents of antioxidant (AsA),soluble sugar,proline,nutrient elements (N,P,S,Zn,K,Ca and Mg),ABA (abscisic),IPA (isopentenyl adenosine),IAA (indole-3-acetic acid),GA (gibberellin) and K/Na,Mg/Na,Ca/Na increased,in leaves of F. arundinacea plants colonized with G. mosseae ,while the content of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA),Na + and Cl - decreased,as well as membrane permeability,compared to the noninoculation control. It was concluded that AM fungi could improve plant salt tolerance through improving nutrient absorption,osmotic regulation and the reaction of antioxidant system of plants,maintaining hormonal balance,reducing toxicity of Na + and Cl - and damage caused by oxidative stress.

随着全球变化,土壤次生盐渍化日益加重,直接影响到植物的生长发育。高羊茅是重要草坪绿化植物,如何提高其耐盐性是当前亟待解决的问题之一。本研究旨在前期试验的基础上,评价丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM)真菌改善高羊茅耐盐性的效应,探索AM真菌增强高羊茅耐盐性的作用机制。在盆栽条件下,对高羊茅接种摩西球囊霉并用不同浓度NaCl(0%,0.8%,1.2%和1.6%)溶液进行处理。结果表明,接种摩西球囊霉能增加高羊茅叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性和抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸)含量、渗透调节物质(可溶性糖和脯氨酸)含量、矿质元素(N、P、S、Zn、K、Ca和Mg)含量、K/Na、Mg/Na、Ca/Na和植物内源激素脱落酸(ABA)、细胞分裂素(IPA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和赤霉素(GA)含量;降低丙二醛(MDA)、Na + 、Cl - 含量和膜透性。认为AM 真菌能通过增强植物抗氧化系统的反应, 降低氧化胁迫造成的伤害,减缓Na + 和Cl - 毒害,改善养分的吸收,强化渗透调节作用,维持激素平衡等来提高其耐盐能力。

To study the arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation on growth and drought resistance of maize (Zea mays) in soils with high phosphorus availability, a pot experiments was carried out by the inoculation of Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum. There were three irrigation levels, 70%, 45% and 20% of soil field capacity. The results show that compare to the non-mycorrhizal treatment, the mycorrhizal inoculation increases the host plant shoot and the phosphorus contents of shoots and roots significantly. Hydraulic potential, the contents of prolin, POD and CAT of maize leaves are decreased under the treatments with 45% and 20% of soil field capacity. The mycorrhizal inoculation increases the hydraulic potential, POD and CAT activities and decreases prolin concentration of host plants which relieve membrane lipid peroxidation caused by water stress. It can conclude that arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus could form symbiosis with host plants and improve drought resisting ability even under high soil phosphorus availability.

 在土壤有效磷含量较高的条件下，研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF）对不同水分处理梯度（田间最大持水量的70%、 45%和20%）条件下玉米生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明，在三种不同水分处理条件下，接种AMF显著提高了玉米植株地上部的生物量，且对玉米地上部、 地下部全磷含量有显著提高作用。水分胁迫显著降低了玉米叶片水势，增加了玉米叶片脯氨酸、 丙二醛、 过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶含量，而不同水分梯度条件下接种AMF均显著提高了植株叶片水势，降低了脯氨酸含量，提高了叶片保护酶（过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）活性从而减少丙二醛的积累，减轻植物叶片膜脂过氧化的伤害。由此说明，接种AMF在土壤有效磷含量较高的条件下能够与玉米根系形成良好的共生关系，提高玉米的抗旱性。

干旱逆境下参与作物渗透调节的物质主要有无机渗透调节离子K+、Ca2+、Mg2+和有机渗透调节物质可溶性糖、脯氨酸、甜菜碱等.干旱逆境下作物积累渗透调节物质可以维持细胞膨压、促进光合作用、参与作物体内活性氧自由基的清除,提高逆境下作物的收获指数和产量.

由于机械碾压、人为践踏等原因,城市土壤压实严重.由于压实,土壤物理性状发生改变:土壤容重增大、孔隙度降低及结构性变差等.这些改变影响土壤性质的同时影响树木的生长.以乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis、深山含笑Michelia maudiae和大叶冬青Ilex latifola为实验材料,参照南京市土壤压实现状模拟不同程度的土壤压实环境,研究了土壤压实下乐昌含笑、深山含笑和大叶冬青3种幼树叶片叶绿素含量、光合生理特性等的变化情况.采用乙醇萃取法测定树木叶片叶绿素含量,用美国Li-COR公司生产的Li-6400光合仪测定树木叶片光合生理特性,测定参数包括净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_1)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO_2摩尔分数(G)等.并分析树木叶绿素含量在不同土壤压实环境下变化差异性,及各光合生理参数之间相关性.结果表明,随着压实强度的增强,3种树种叶绿素含量逐渐降低;与对照相比,不同压实处理下,叶片叶绿素含量均不同程度下降,且在重度压实下各树种叶片叶绿素含量降低幅度均最大,分别达到41.87%、29.36%及27.66%;方差分析表明,各土壤压实处理下叶绿素含量与对照之间存在显著性差异;在压实环境下,光合生理特性参数值净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)与对照下各参数数值相比也呈下降趋势.皮尔森相关性分析发现,各光合生理特性参数之间相关性显著.但不同压实处理下,各树木胞间CO_2浓度(G)变化趋势不一致. Abstract： The soil in urban area is often compacted resulted from machinery and human trampling, in which the physical character-istics of soil change remarkably with the increasing in bulk density, reducing in soil porosity as well as the damage to soil structure, and the plant growth is restricted as a result. In this paper, two months after four levels of soil compaction were simulated based on the investigation of soil compaction status in Nanjing city, the photosynthetic attributes and the chlorophyll concentrations of three types of saplings (Michelia chapensis, Michelia maudiae and Ilex latifola) were measured to study the impact of soil compaction. The chlorophyll concentrations of sapling were determined by the ethanol extraction method, and the photosynthetic attributes, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO_2 concentration, were measured by Li-6400 system produced by Gene Company of USA. The main results showed, for the all three plants, the more the soil compacted, the lower the chlorophyll concentrations and net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, and the chlorophyll concentrations for Michelia chapensis, Michelia raaudiae and llex latifola decreased 41.87%, 29.36% and 27.66% compared with the control respectively Besides, there were existed significantly positive Pearson correlation among these photosynthetic parameters, but not the intercellular CO_2 concentration.

摘　要： 为探索小麦的抗盐机理,对耐盐小麦品种沧麦6002和非耐盐小麦品种徐麦24进行土壤盐胁迫处理,并测定其生理生化指标,研究土壤盐胁迫对小麦养分和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,盐胁迫条件下沧麦6002根和叶中K＋、Na＋含量均升高,磷含量均下降,徐麦24的根和叶中氮、磷、钾含量下降,而Na＋含量升高;盐胁迫促进了沧麦6002和徐麦24叶中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的积累,也促进了沧麦6002根部有机酸的积累。另外,沧麦6002根和叶的氮、磷、钾以及除Na＋外的渗透调节物质含量均比徐麦24高。耐盐小麦品种沧麦6002通过稳定养分吸收确保正常的生理活动、合成更多的渗透调节物质来增强小麦对盐胁迫的抵抗能力。

Drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing production and quality of plants. At the same time, drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting growth and development of desert plants in Northwest China. It is well known that Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance the ability of the plants to establish and cope with stressful situations, such as drought stress, salt stress, nutrient deficiency, etc. Almost eighty percent of land plant species on the earth can form symbiotic associations with AMF. With pot experiment in a greenhouse, the paper studied the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Glomus mosseae )on the drought tolerance of Seriphidium. minchnense ( S. minchnense ) under water stress. Seeds were collected from natural growth environment of S. minchnense in Minqin County and sown in training matrix with sandy: soil (2 ∶ 1, mass ratio). Seedlings with similar height and crown were selected and divided into three groups (6 pots per group) when they had 2-3 leaves. The soil relative water content of three groups was severe stress (20% of maximum field capacity), moderate stress (40% of maximum field capacity), and normal water (60% of maximum field capacity), respectively. Each group of S. minchnense seedlings was inoculated with AM fungi Glomus mosseae (3 pots), and non-mycorrhizal inoculation (3 pots), namely control (CK), respectively. The results showed that inoculation with AM fungi significantly increased the biomass accumulation and infection rate of S. minchnense seedlings. The total phosphor (P) content of shoot and root of seedlings were significantly increased under different water treatments, and total flavonoids content of shoot was only significantly increased under severe stress, while branch number and total N content of shoot and root were not significantly affected under incolation AM fungi. Mycorrhizal dependency and contribution rate of total nitrogen (N) and total P under water stress were higher than that under normal water condition. The content of leaf relative water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, total N and total P were significantly improved in different stages, and total flavonoids content of leaf was significantly increased just under severe stress, while the proline content was decreased throughout the growth period by colonization AM fungi. The content of soluble sugar in leaves of inoculated plant was significantly lower than that of non-inoculated plants in early stage, and significantly higher than that of non-inoculated plant in middle and latter stages. It could be concluded that the mechanism of AM fungi enhancing plant growth and strengthening the drought resistance of host plants may be the direct role of AM fungal hyphal contribution to soil water and minerals uptake in mycorrhizal plant, and the indirect role of AM fungi improves the physiological metabolic activity of host plants.

采用盆栽试验,研究了水分胁迫下接种丛枝菌根AM真菌对民勤绢蒿( Seriphidium minchünense )生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,不同水分条件下,接种AM真菌提高了民勤绢蒿菌根侵染率和生物量,增加了地上部和地下部全P含量,重度胁迫下接种株地上部总黄酮含量显著升高,而对分枝数和地上部、地下部全N含量无显著影响。水分胁迫提高了民勤绢蒿菌根依赖性和全N、全P菌根贡献率。不同生长时期接种AM真菌均能提高植株叶片相对含水量、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量;前期接种株叶片可溶性糖含量显著低于未接种株,而中后期可溶性糖含量显著高于未接种株;整个生长时期接种株比未接种株叶片维持较低的脯氨酸含量;不同生长时期接种株叶片全N和全P含量显著升高,重度胁迫下接种株叶片总黄酮含量显著升高。AM真菌促进宿主植物生长和增强抗旱性可能是AM真菌直接促进宿主植物根系对土壤水分和矿质元素吸收和间接改善植株体内生理代谢活动的缘故。

用等渗的15%PEG-6000、72 mmol/L NaCl和72 mmol/L NaHCO\-3溶液分别模拟干旱、盐和盐碱逆境来处理玉米幼苗。实验结果表明，经干旱、盐碱逆境胁迫处理后，玉米幼苗根系还原活力比对照分别提高8.4%、7.4%和5.6%，根系硝酸还原酶活性分别比对照提高3.2%、69.7%和290.4%，叶片硝酸还原酶活性分别比对照下降67.7%、63.3%和59.3%。 Abstract： The drought stress, salt stress and alkaline stress were imitated by isosmotic solution of 15%PEG-6000, 72 mmol/L NaCl and 72 mmol/L NaHCO\-3 on roots' activity and nitrate reductase activity in Zea mays L.. The experiment results showed that the root activity of Zea mays seedling was increased by 8.4%,7.4% and 5.6%,the root nitrate reductase was increased by 3.2%,69.7% and 290.4%,leaves nitrate reductase activity was decreased by 67.7%,63.3% and 59.3% respectly than control under different stress.

以采自山东省菏泽牡丹园的牡丹'凤丹'种子为试材,采用盆栽的方法研究了接种丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌Glomus mosseae、Glomus versiforme和Glomus intraradices对牡丹幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:(1)不同AM真菌的侵染率不同,并以G.mosseae的侵染率最高,为48.3%;(2)AM真菌能够促进牡丹幼苗生长,接种G.mosseae的植株干重比对照显著提高了69.5%;(3)AM真菌能够提高牡丹的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、矿质元素(N、P、K)含量和硝酸还原酶活性,并对可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性的影响达显著水平.(4)植株总干重与菌根侵染率、硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量呈显著正相关.研究发现,G.mosseae是最适宜牡丹接种的优良菌种. Abstract： The influence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Paeonia suffruticosa was studied in this paper. Potted 'Feng Dan' whith taken from Heze Tree-peony Garden were inoculated with different AM fungi Glomus mosseae,Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradices,and the non-inoculated was the control group.The results showed that:the infection rate of different AM fungi was different,and the highest infection rate of G.mosseae was 48.3%.AM fungi could promote the growth of P.suffruticosa seedlings.The dry weight of plants inoculated with G.mosseae was increased 69.5% than that of control,and there was significant difference.AM fungi increased the contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar,soluble protein,mineral elements N,P,K and nitrate reductase activity.The effects on soluble protein and nitrate reductase activity were of the most significance.The correlation analysis showed that dry weight had extremely significant correlation with the mycorrhizal colonization,nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content,and had significant correlation with soluble sugar and soluble protein.G.mosseae was the optimal strain for P.suffruticosa.