洞庭湖区不同品种紫花苜蓿的混播效应

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陈菲, 穆麟, 文昭竹, 张志飞, 魏仲珊. 洞庭湖区不同品种紫花苜蓿的混播效应. 草业科学, 2018,35(7): 1734-1742
Chen Fei, Mu Lin, Wen Zhao-zhu, Zhang Zhi-fei, Wei Zhong-shan. Study of the effects of mixed sowing of different alfalfa varieties in the Dongting Lake area. Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(7): 1734-1742. 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2017-0471
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《草业科学》编辑部

洞庭湖区不同品种紫花苜蓿的混播效应

陈菲¹, 穆麟¹, 文昭竹¹, 张志飞¹, 魏仲珊²

1.湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙 410128

2.湖南德人牧业科技有限公司,湖南常德 415921

通讯作者:张志飞(1977-),女,湖南邵东人,副教授,博士,主要从事饲草学研究。E-mail:[email protected]

第一作者:陈菲(1996-),女,湖南常德人,在读硕士生,主要从事饲草学研究。E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2017-09-19 接受日期: 2017-12-29

资助项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0502104); 湖南省研究生科技创新项目(CX2016B290)

摘要

为探讨高秋眠级紫花苜蓿( Medicago sativa)不同品种间混播对其产量、品质、根系及株高等指标的影响,对品种WL712、WL903和WL656与南方地区推广种植的WL525进行混播试验。结果表明:1)混播组合的粗蛋白产量与单播WL525间没有显著差异( P>0.05),但高于其他的品种单播;2)混播组合的株高虽然没有显著提高,但纤维含量有所减少,纤维含量随着刈割茬次的增加呈现递减趋势;3)混播组合的根颈分枝数和根颈直径生长指标较单播有优势;4)混播组合中WL656:WL525=1:4和WL712:WL525=1:2组合的总干草产量最高,达到14.67 t·hm^-2,营养品质达到特级紫花苜蓿干草标准,全年生长情况较其他组合好,是可以进一步追踪研究的品种间混播组合。综合而言,不同比例紫花苜蓿品种间混播可提高牧草品质,促进根系生长。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿; 品种; 混播组合; 产量; 营养品质; 根系; 株高

中图分类号:S816;S541⁺.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2018)07-1734-09

Study of the effects of mixed sowing of different alfalfa varieties in the Dongting Lake area

Chen Fei¹, Mu Lin¹, Wen Zhao-zhu¹, Zhang Zhi-fei¹, Wei Zhong-shan²

1.Agronomy College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China

2.Hunan Deren Animal Husbandry Technology Co.LTD, Changde 415921, Hunan, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Zhi-fei E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of mixed sowing of different alfalfa varieties on their yield, quality, root system, and height, a mixed sowing experiment was conducted using WL712, WL903, WL656, and WL525, which was widely cultivated in the southern region. The results showed that although the amount of crude protein of the mixed sowing alfalfa did not exceed that of the unicast WL525, which was also used in mixed sowing, it was better than that of other unicast varieties also used in mixed sowing. Although plant height showed no significant increase, fiber content showed a decreasing trend with the increase of mowing times. The number of root neck branche and root neck diameter were better in mixed sowing than in unicast sowing. The total hay yields of WL656:WL525=1:4 and WL712:WL525=1:2 were the highest in all mixed sowing combinations, up to 14.67 t·ha^-1, and the nutritive quality reached the premium alfalfa hay standard. Their annual growth was better than that of others, and it was possible to further trace the interspecific combination of research. In general, mixed sowing of alfalfa varieties with different proportions can improve forage quality and promote root growth.

Key words: alfalfa; variety; mixed sowing combination; yield; nutrient quality; root; plant height

文章图片

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是多年生优质豆科牧草, 具有适应广、产量高、营养丰富、饲用价值高的特点, 是多种家畜的优质饲料, 素有“ 牧草之王” 的美称, 是发展畜牧业的基础。近年来我国对优质苜蓿需求量大幅增加^[1^-^2], 因此提高苜蓿的产草量和品质刻不容缓。合理混播是提高牧草产草量和抗逆性的重要措施^[3], 紫花苜蓿与扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)^[4]、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)^[5]以及其他禾本科^{[6, 7, 8]}的混播试验研究较多, 但紫花苜蓿品种间的混播试验尚不多见。

合理的品种间混播由于不同品种共生而起到优势互补作用, 可提高植株的抗倒伏能力^[9]和品质^[10], 表现出稳产高产的优点^[11]。紫花苜蓿品种较多, 特别是近年来大量的国外高秋眠级紫花苜蓿新品种引入国内, 为南方苜蓿种植提供了可能性^[12]。高秋眠级紫花苜蓿虽然具有全年生长力旺盛的特点, 可满足南方年有效积温高的特性, 但其对土壤酸度敏感, 不耐热、湿、涝和黏重土壤, 这些特点使其在南方地区的推广种植仍存在较大难度^[13]。紫花苜蓿是异花授粉的杂合体, 目前生产上考虑到花期一致利于收割等因素, 主要以单一紫花苜蓿品种种植为主。南方地区特别是多雨季节, 紫花苜蓿的收割标准往往需要结合株高、生育期以及收割期的气象资料来判断, 确保雨季前收割, 减少雨季倒伏、霉变的危害。因此, 探讨不同品种混播或许可以找到新的紫花苜蓿种植模式。品种间混播能有效提高牧草的产量, 但不同混播品种与比例的增产效应不一样。本研究以4个高秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料, 按不同比例混合播种, 探讨苜蓿品种间混播对产量、品质、根系及株高等指标的影响, 以期为实现紫花苜蓿品种间混播增产稳产提供依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况

试验地位于湖南省常德市西湖管理区紫花苜蓿引种试验基地(112° 03'46″ E, 29° 07'04″ N), 地势平坦, 土壤属于优质潮土, 土层深厚肥沃, 中性偏弱碱性。降水量丰沛, 年均降水量1 415.9 mm, 最高可达2 000 mm; ≥ 10 ℃有效积温3 000 ℃· d以上。6-8月是全年高温期, 最高气温一般维持在30 ℃以上, 最低气温不低于20 ℃^[14], 年均气温17.0 ℃。

1.2 牧草品种及混播组合

试验材料为4个美国牧草资源公司育成品种:WL712品种(秋眠级10.2, A)、WL903品种(秋眠级9.5, B)、WL656品种(秋眠级9.3, C)、WL525品种(秋眠级8.2, D)。WL525是2009年通过全国牧草品种审定委员会审定的引进品种, 在我国南方地区种植面积较广, WL903和WL712在洞庭湖区表现出较好的耐热性, WL656刈割后的再生植株长势和鲜草产量较为突出^[14]。将A、B、C、D品种按照不同比例进行混合播种, 播种量为30 kg· hm^-2(表1)。试验地里有灌溉设施。试验前利用翻耕机械翻地整平, 底肥施用复合肥(NPK15-15-15)300 kg· hm^-2。生长期内实行粗放管理。

表1 各品种以及混播组合及其播种量 Table 1 Mixed sowing combination and seeding quantity

1.3 试验设计

试验采用单因素完全随机布局。于2016年3月2日播种, 条播, 行距20 cm, 10个处理, 每处理4次重复, 3 m× 3 m, 小区间隔40 cm。分别于2016年5月21日进行全年第1茬刈割, 6月30日进行第2茬刈割, 8月12日进行第3茬刈割, 10月6日进行第4茬刈割, 12月9日进行第5茬刈割。刈割标准结合生育期与躲避雨天的气象数据而确定, 前4茬于50%以上的品种进入初花期时进行刈割, 最后一茬50%以上品种株高在40 cm以上时进行刈割。刈割时进行测产及相关生长性能测定。

1.4 测定项目及方法

产量:每个品种随机取样1.0 m²刈割, 留茬高度约5 cm, 测定鲜草重量, 重复3次; 取100 g鲜草带回实验室, 105 ℃杀青15 min后, 65 ℃烘干至恒重, 测定干草重量, 重复3次。干草粉碎后用于品质测定。品质:用凯氏定氮法测定粗蛋白含量, 采用范氏的洗涤纤维分析法测定中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维, 重复3次。株高:测产前, 测量其自然高度(cm), 10次重复, 取平均值。根颈分枝数:从根颈直接长出的分枝数(个), 10次重复, 取平均值。根颈直径:用直尺直接测量分枝基部根颈处直径(mm), 10次重复, 取平均值。根颈芽数:从根颈直接长出的芽数(个), 10次重复, 取平均值。

1.5 数据处理

用DPS软件对产量、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量、株高等指标进行单因素方差分析, 用平均值± 标准误来表示测定结果。采用Excel处理数据并制图。

2 结果与分析

2.1 各品种单播及其混播组合间生长指标比较

2.1.1 株高各品种单播及其混播组合间在各茬次的株高差异明显(图1)。在6个混播组合中, B:D=1:2和C:D=1:4组合在前3茬中的株高较为突出, 株高最低的是B:D=1:4, 其在第3茬显著低于其他品种配比组合(P< 0.05)。第1茬和第5茬的整体株高总体高于第2、3、4茬。各品种单播和混播组合之间没有出现规律性的变化, 说明品种混播对各品种株高影响不大。

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图1 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间株高比较
不同小写字母表示同茬次不同混播处理间差异显著(P< 0.05); A, B, C, D分别表示WL712、WL903、WL656和WL525。下同。Fig. 1 Comparison of plant height among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations
Different lowercase letters for the same crop indicate significant difference between different varieties and mixed combinations at the 0.05 level. A, B, C, D indicate alfalfa varieties of WL712, WL903, WL656, and WL525, respectively; similarly for the following figures.

2.1.2 根颈分枝数随着刈割茬次的增多, 各品种单播及其混播组合间整体根颈分枝数明显增多, 各品种单播及其混播组间根颈分枝数差异显著(P< 0.05)(图2)。第3茬刈割时, D品种, A:D=1:2组合和A:D=1:4组合根颈分枝数较多。第4茬刈割时, A品种, A:D=1:2组合和A:D=1:4组合根颈分枝数较多。第5茬刈割时, A:D=1:2组合的根颈分枝数最多, 显著高于除C:D=1:2外的其他品种组合(P< 0.05), 其次为C:D=1:2组合。

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	图2 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间根颈分枝数比较Fig. 2 Comparison of number of root neck branches among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations

2.1.3 根颈芽数从根颈芽数来看, 在前4茬中, 随着茬次的增多, 各品种单播及其混播组间整体根颈芽数呈增多趋势, 第5茬无明显规律(图3)。各品种单播及其混播组合间根颈芽数差异明显。第1茬中C:D=1:4和第5茬中B:D=1:2组合刈割时在该茬次中根颈芽数最多, 第2、3、4茬刈割时多数品种单播的根颈芽数多于品种混播。

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	图3 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间根颈芽数比较Fig. 3 Comparison of the root neck bud number among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations

2.1.4 根颈直径随着茬次的增多, 各品种单播及其混播组间整体根颈直径呈增大趋势, 各品种单播及其混播组间根颈直径差异明显(图4)。第1茬刈割时单播和混播品种间的根颈直径整体偏小, 第2茬以后根颈直径显著增加, 第2茬刈割时单播A品种的根颈直径最大, 显著高于除单播D外的其余处理(P< 0.05); 第3、4茬刈割时C:D=1:4组合根颈直径最大。可见C:D=1:4组合随着刈割茬次增加, 在根颈直径增加方面表现优势。

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	图4 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间根颈直径比较Fig. 4 Comparison of root neck diameter among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations

2.2 各品种单播及其混播组合间产量及品质比较

2.2.1 干草产量和总粗蛋白产量各品种单播及其混播组合间的总干草产量在12.27~15.85 t· hm^-2(表2)。D品种单播的总干草量最多, 达15.85 t· hm^-2, 与C:D=1:4和A:D=1:2组合差异不显著(P> 0.05), 但显著高于其他品种单播和混播组合(P< 0.05)。B:D=1:2组合的总干草产量最低, 只有12.27 t· hm^-2。随着刈割次数的增多, 单茬干草产量呈减少的趋势, 第1茬的干草产量明显高于其他茬的干草产量。从总粗蛋白产量来看, 各品种单播及混播组合间的粗蛋白产量间差异显著(P< 0.05), D品种单播的总粗蛋白产量最多, 达3.48 t· hm^-2, 与C:D=1:4和A:D=1:2组合总产量差异不显著, 但显著高于其他品种单播和混播组合总产量(P< 0.05)。

表2 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间产量比较 Table 2 Comparison of yields among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations t· hm^-2

2.2.2 品质各品种单播及其混播组合间全年平均粗蛋白含量差异显著(P< 0.05)(表3), 单播C品种全年粗蛋白平均含量显著高于其他品种单播和混播组合(P< 0.05), 高达22.65%。混播组合中A:D=1:4和B:D=1:4粗蛋白全年平均含量较高, 分别为22.18%和22.23%; B:D=1:2和C:D=1:2组合显著低于其他品种单播和混播组合, 分别为21.36%和21.38%。

表3 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间粗蛋白含量比较 Table 3 Comparison of crude protein content among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations %

单播A品种的全年平均中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于单播B、B:D=1:2、C:D=1:2和A:D=1:4外的其他品种单播和混播组合, 高达41.77%; C品种和C:D=1:4组合中性洗涤纤维含量较低, 分别为37.72%和38.47%。单播A品种和C:D=1:2组合的全年平均酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他品种单播和混播组合(P< 0.05), 分别是30.07%和29.44%, 其次是单播B品种和B:D=1:2组合, 分别为28.67%和27.80%。其他品种及混播组合酸性洗涤纤维含量均较低。

中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量随着刈割茬次的增加最终减少, 第5茬的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量明显低于前4茬(表4, 表5)。

表4 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间中性洗涤纤维含量比较 Table 4 Comparison of neutral detergent fiber content among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations %

表5 各苜蓿品种单播及其混播组合间酸性洗涤纤维含量 Table 5 Comparison of acid detergent fiber content among different alfalfa varieties and mixed combinations %

3 讨论

3.1 混播对紫花苜蓿生长指标的影响

产量是衡量牧草生产性能和经济性能的重要指标^[15]。许多研究者发现合理的品种间混播较单播增产。研究表明, 高油玉米(Zea mays)与普通玉米混合种植, 在雌穗期及青贮蜡熟前期进行收获, 生物产量均较普通玉米提高30%以上^[16]。在黑龙江省北部积温较低地区进行玉米的混播试验, 结果发现中晚熟玉米和早熟玉米以2:1混播, 鲜草产量最高^[17]。对春小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种间混播进行研究, 试验表明, 与单播相比, 品种间混播具有增产作用, 但不同混播比例的增产效应不同^[18]。对牧草种间混播试验发现, 混播较单播增产^[19]。结合前人的研究结果来看, 品种间混播能有效提高牧草的产量, 但不同混播品种与比例的增产效应不一样。在本研究中, WL656:WL525=1:4和WL712:WL525=1:2混播组合的全年干草产量和粗蛋白产量较单播品种WL525没有显著增加, 但比其他品种单播产量要高。有研究表明, 粗壮的根颈有利于萌芽发枝, 生长更多的枝条^[20]。植株的再生性、抗旱性、抗寒性^[21]以及抗病虫害等与根颈密切相关, 根颈是苜蓿产生分枝的重要部位, 也是联系地上部和根系的关键部位^[22], 同时也是吸收、运输、储存养分和水分的重要器官, 直接影响苜蓿生产性能和可持续利用^[23]。本研究从第3茬开始, 品种混播组合的根颈直径和根颈分枝数都优于品种单播, 关于这个现象能否说明多次刈割后品种混播优于品种单播还有待更多试验验证。

3.2 混播对紫花苜蓿品质的影响

粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维以及酸性洗涤纤维素含量可反映牧草营养价值。将不同生育期的青贮玉米品种以混播方式进行种植, 结果表明, 混播对于各品种玉米农艺性状影响不显著, 混播显著提高干物质产量和饲用品质^[24]。对不同混播方式对豆禾混播草地生产性能的影响进行研究发现, 各混播处理粗蛋白质含量均显著高于单播^[25]。对不同混播比例下的燕麦(Avena sativa)与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)的草地生产性能的评价发现, 各混播比例粗蛋白含量显著高于单播燕麦, 而显著低于单播箭筈豌豆^[26]。汪建来等^[27]将4个小麦品种混播以后发现, 混播群体的品质指标虽没超过参与混播的优质品种, 但却比参与品种混播中品质较次品种的品质要好, 品质性状得到互补和改进。这与本研究研究结果相似, 混播组合的粗蛋白含量没有高于单播的WL525, 但却比参与品种混播中的其他品种单播要高, 且中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量都有所减少。另外, 本次研究仅对一年龄的苜蓿品种混播结果进行了评价, 初步确定适合进一步追踪研究的紫花苜蓿品种间混播组合, 今后还应继续对表现较好的品种间混播组合进行跟踪调查。

4 结论

单播WL525在粗蛋白产量及其他生长指标方面都较其他品种单播好。WL656:WL525=1:4和WL712:WL525=1:2混播组合的粗蛋白产量与单播WL525间没有显著差异, 但高于其他品种单播, 且无论从其总干草量或者营养品质以及全年生长情况而言都较其他组合好, 是可以进一步追踪研究的品种间混播组合。虽然混播组合的株高没有显著提高, 但混播组合的洗涤纤维含量整体低于品种单播, 且根颈分枝数、根颈直径等生长指标都优于品种单播。综合而言, 不同比例紫花苜蓿品种间混播可提高牧草品质, 促进根系生长。

(责任编辑张瑾)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2009

0.0

2005

0.0

韩清芳, 贾志宽, 王俊鹏. 国内外苜蓿产业发展现状与前景分析. 草业科学, 2005, 22(3): 22-25.

Han Q

, Jia Z

, Wang J

. The analysis of current situation and development prospect of alfalfa industry at home and abroad. Pratacultural Science, 2005, 22(3): 22-25. (in Chinese)

摘　要：论述了世界上主要苜蓿Medicago sativa产业大国的苜蓿生产特点及其在品种繁育和草田管理方面的先进性,分析了我国苜蓿生产上存在的主要问题,展望了苜蓿产业的国内外市场及苜蓿产业发展的良好经济效益.

... 近年来我国对优质苜蓿需求量大幅增加^[1^-^2],因此提高苜蓿的产草量和品质刻不容缓 ...

2008

0.0

... 合理混播是提高牧草产草量和抗逆性的重要措施^[3],紫花苜蓿与扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)^[4]、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)^[5]以及其他禾本科^[6,7,8]的混播试验研究较多,但紫花苜蓿品种间的混播试验尚不多见 ...

2011

0.0

舒思敏, 傅鲜桃, 杨春华, 陈灵鸷, 何凌斐. 扁穗牛鞭草与紫花苜蓿不同混播比例草地生产特性评价. 四川农业大学学报, 2011, 29(1): 114-118.

Shu S

, Fu X

, Yang C

, Chen L

, He L

. Evaluation on the production characteristics of mixture grassland with different ratio of Hemarithria compressa and Medicago sativa. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2011, 29(1): 114-118. (in Chinese)

2001

0.0

宝音陶格涛. 无芒雀麦与苜蓿混播试验. 草地学报, 2001, 3(1): 73-76.

Baoyintaogetao. The experimental study of mix-sowing of Bromus inermis and Medicago varia. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2001, 3(1): 73-76. (in Chinese)

The height increased fashion of Bromus inermis Leyss and Medicago varia Marein,cv. Cao yuan No.2 not by different proportion of mix sowing,the regression curves equation of height increased of B.inermis and M.varia is H=a+bt+ct 2 (H is height,t is time of growing).The curves equation of biomass accumulation of Medicago is W=at b , fashion of above ground biomass accumulation of B.inermis in single sowing is W=ae bt and in mix sowing is W=at b ,rate of increased of biomass are different on mix sowing of different proportion.Single sowing and mix sowing different proportion have different structure of biomass and leave were distributed in different space.The stem/leave value,LAI are different on different district.LAI of Medicago is more than LAI of B.inermis . There were the much increased in biomass of community by sowing than natural grassland. The crude fat,crude fibre,crude ash content. The energy and DE in mix sowing are more than single sowing,The crude protein and digestible protein in mix sowing lower than single sowing Medicago but more than single sowing B.inermis . The biggest biomass in producted in district of density proportion 1/1( B.inermis / Medicago , sowing seed weight 30kg/hm 2 ;10kg/hm 2 ).

研究无芒雀麦与草原二号苜蓿的混播比例、株高和地上生物量积累动态。结果表明,无芒雀麦和苜蓿的生长高度模式不受单播、混播的影响,其增长曲线为H=a+bt+ct 2 。苜蓿地上生物量积累模式不受单播、混播的影响,其增长曲线为W=at b 。无芒雀麦地上生物量积累模式在单、混播中分别为W=ae bt 和W=at b 。单播及不同比例的混播组合,其地上生物量结构各异。生物量和叶片集中分布的空间不同。茎/叶、叶面积指在不同数混播小区的数值各异。苜蓿的叶面积指数大于无芒雀麦。混播较天然草原有显著或极显著的增产作用。且混播较单播增产显著。混播区的粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、总能和可消化能含量均高于单播,而粗蛋白质、可消化蛋白质则低于单播苜蓿,但高于单播无芒雀麦。无芒雀麦与苜蓿越冬苗的比例为1∶1,生物量比1∶1(播种量30kg和10kg/hm 2 )为优化组合。

2015

0.0

祁亚淑, 朱林, 许兴. 宁夏绿洲禾豆牧草混播组合及其比例效应. 草业科学, 2015, 32(9): 1463-1472.

Qi Y

, Zhu

, Xu

. Effects of mixed combination and proportion between leguminous and graminaceous forages grown in Ningxia desert steppe. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(9): 1463-1472. (in Chinese)

Effects of mixed combination and proportion on economic input-output ratio, yield of grass and main nutrientional ingrendient, relative total yield (RYT) and competitive relationship between two leguminous forages (Medicago sativa and Astragalus adsurgens) and two graminaceous forages (Leymus chinensis and Elymus sibiricus) mixed-sowing growing were studied under three mixture proportion, i.e. ratio of leguminous forages to graminaceous forages being 3∶7, 5∶5, 7∶3, respectively in Ningxia Central Semiarid Belt with suplemental irrigation. The two-year experiment showed that the yield of mixed sowing between two forages was significantly higher (P 1 in the mixed-sowing combinations between A. adsurgen and graminaceous forages than the mixed-sowing combinations between M. sativa and graminaceous forages. The RYT of combination between A. adsurgen and L. chinensis with ratio of 7∶3 was highest. All of these results suggested that the combination between M. sativa and L. chinensis with ratio of 7∶3 had positive yield performance and lowest economic input-output ratio whereas the combination between A. adsurgen and L. chinensis with ratio of 7∶3 had relative balanced growth between different species when establishing artificial grassland in Ningxia Central Semi-arid Belt.

在宁夏中部半干旱带有补灌的条件下，以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)和老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)为试验材料，豆科与禾本科牧草分别按照3∶7、5∶5、7∶3共3种不同比例进行混播，研究了不同混播组合及比例对其经济投入产出比、干草及主要营养成分产量、相对总产量及竞争力等方面的影响。两年的试验结果表明,3种豆禾牧草混播比例的产量均显著大于单播禾本科牧草的产量(P

2014

0.0

朱林, 郑淑欣, 许兴, 侯志军. 宁夏中部灌水量对豆-禾牧草混播的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(9): 1752-1760.

Zhu

, Zheng S

, Xu

, Hou Z

. Effects of irrigation on mixed sowing of leguminous and graminaceous forages. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(9): 1752-1760. (in Chinese)

2013

0.0

包乌云, 赵萌莉, 徐军, 高新磊, 赵巴音那木拉. 苜蓿与禾本科牧草的混播效果. 草业科学, 2013, 30(11): 1782-1789.

Bao W

, Zhao M

, Xu

, Gao X

, Zhao

Bayinnamula

. Study on mixculture of alfalfa with grasses. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(11): 1782-1789. (in Chinese)

To discuss alfalfa( Medicago sativa ) cultivars and mix-planting combinations which are fit to cultivate in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, the adaptability and productivity of different planting models, including single planting alfalfa and mixculture of alfalfa with grasses were studied. The results showed that, for single planting, yield indexes of Caoyuan No.3 alfalfa and Zhongcao No.3 alfalfa are all higher than those of Goldepress alfalfa and Epress alfalfa, under condition of cutting 2 times per year. The yields of Elymus sibiricus and Bromus inermis are lower than those of single planting 4 alfalfa cultivars, but there is no significant difference among them( P >0.05). Mixculture enhances the plant height, regeneration rate and yield of Caoyuan No.3 alfalfa, Zhongcao No.3 alfalfa, E.sibiricus and B.inermis . The yield of combination of alfalfa and B.inermis is higher than that of combination of alfalfa and E.sibiricus .

本试验研究了不同苜蓿( Medicago sativa)品种单播及其与禾本科牧草混播组合的适应性和生产力,旨在探讨适宜于内蒙古呼和浩特地区推广种植的苜蓿品种及其混播组合。结果表明,一年刈割两次时,草原3号苜蓿和中草3号苜蓿的各产量指标均优于金皇后苜蓿和苜蓿王;老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)和无芒雀麦(Bromus innermis)产量低于4个单播苜蓿,但无显著差异(P >0.05);混播提高了草原3号苜蓿、中草3号苜蓿、老芒麦和无芒雀麦的植株高度、再生速度以及产草量,其中苜蓿与无芒雀麦的混播产量高于苜蓿与老芒麦混播。

2008

0.0

程乐根, 李安德, 胡峰云, 王大林. 水稻异品种混播栽培技术初探. 湖南农业科学, 2008(3): 29-30.

Cheng L

, Li A

, Hu F

, Wang D

. Preliminary study on mixed cultivation techniques of rice varieties with different varieties. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2008(3): 29-30. (in Chinese)

经过3 a早晚稻异品种混播栽培新技术试验示范结果证明:水稻异品种混播栽培具有高产稳产、节本增收、提高抗倒性、提高稻米品质的效果,值得进一步试验示范和推广.

... 合理的品种间混播由于不同品种共生而起到优势互补作用,可提高植株的抗倒伏能力^[9]和品质^[10],表现出稳产高产的优点^[11] ...

2014

0.0

徐丽君, 杨桂霞, 辛晓平, 乌恩奇, 青格勒, 朱树声, 董民. 不同混播模式下草地营养成分综合评价. 草业科学, 2014, 31(2): 278-283.

Xu L

, Yang G

, Xin X

, Wuenqi, Qinggele, Zhu S S, Dong M. Comprehensive evaluation of nutrition of grassland s under different mixed sowing patterns. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(2): 278-283. (in Chinese)

... 合理的品种间混播由于不同品种共生而起到优势互补作用,可提高植株的抗倒伏能力^[9]和品质^[10],表现出稳产高产的优点^[11] ...

2017

0.0

... 合理的品种间混播由于不同品种共生而起到优势互补作用,可提高植株的抗倒伏能力^[9]和品质^[10],表现出稳产高产的优点^[11] ...

2012

0.0

杜周和, 冯礼斌, 左艳春, 陈义安, 朱永群, 寇晶, 周晓康, 刘俊凤. 川北地区紫花苜蓿品种筛选及栽培技术研究. 草业科学, 2012, 29(3): 465-470.

Du Z

, Feng L

, Zuo Y

, Chen Y

, Zhu Y

, Kou

, Zhou X

, Liu J

. Selection and cultivation of introduced alfalfa varieties in North-Sichuan region. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(3): 465-470. (in Chinese)

The production performances of introduced 11 alfalfa （Medicago sativa） cultivars in NorthSichuan region of China were evaluated by using the comprehensive evaluation model of grey relevancy theory based on seven main indexes, including fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, the ratio leaf to stem, plant height, branch number, main root length and regrowing rate. A comprehensive evaluation model was established in the study. By analyzing the data using the model, the results showed that the order of weight of seven indexes was fresh forage yield>dry forage yield>the ratio of leaf to stem>plant height>branch number>main root length>regrowing rate. Cultivars of Hunter river, Hoopuland and WL323 had relatively good productive performances, while Afliter, Terry and Farmer’s treasure had poor performances. Although Emperor and Victoty had higher fresh forage yields, but the comprehensive evaluation scores were low because of their slower regrowing rate, lower ratio of leaf to stem and dry material contents.

用灰色系统理论对11个苜蓿（Medicago sativa）品种在川北丘陵低山区的生产性能(鲜草产量、干草产量、茎叶比、株高、分枝数、主根长、再生速度等指标)进行了分析，建立了综合评价模型，评价了各品种的生产性能。结果表明，各项指标在综合评价模型中的权重顺序为株高>分枝数>主根长>鲜草产量>茎叶比=再生速度>干草产量；在川北地区综合生产性能表现较好的紫花苜蓿品种是猎人河、霍普兰德和WL323等，爱菲尼特、特瑞和农宝等品种生产性能较差，苜蓿王和胜利两个品种虽然鲜草产量较高，但其再生速度慢，且苜蓿王茎叶比低，胜利干物质含量低，因而综合评价较差。

... 紫花苜蓿品种较多,特别是近年来大量的国外高秋眠级紫花苜蓿新品种引入国内,为南方苜蓿种植提供了可能性^[12] ...

2016

0.0

... 高秋眠级紫花苜蓿虽然具有全年生长力旺盛的特点,可满足南方年有效积温高的特性,但其对土壤酸度敏感,不耐热、湿、涝和黏重土壤,这些特点使其在南方地区的推广种植仍存在较大难度^[13] ...

2017

0.0

张志飞, 斯达, 孙系巍, 穆麟, 赵红凯, 李志才, 魏仲珊. 洞庭湖区5个紫花苜蓿品种高温期刈割后的表现. 草业科学, 2017, 34(7): 1469-1474.

Zhang Z

, Si

, Sun X

, Mu

, Zhao H

, Li Z

, Wei Z

. Effect of cutting under high temperature on regrowth and quality of five alfalfa cultivars. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(7): 1469-1474. (in Chinese)

摘　要：为探讨洞庭湖区紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）在夏季高温刈割后的生长状态及再生产量及品质的品种间差异，对种植一年的5个紫花苜蓿品种于2015年8月1日进行全年第5茬刈割测产，9月21日进行第6茬刈割测产。研究结果发现，秋眠级较高的苜蓿品种WL656、WL903第5茬刈割后再生植株长势和第5茬刈割鲜草产量显著优于秋眠级低的苜蓿品种WL363（P〈0．05）。第6茬刈割WL903的鲜草产量显著高于其它品种，粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量在品种间存在显著差异，但没有明显变化规律。高秋眠级的WL903和WL712综合表现较好，是可进一步研究的耐热型苜蓿品种。

... 6-8月是全年高温期,最高气温一般维持在30 ℃以上,最低气温不低于20 ℃^[14],年均气温17 ...

... WL525是2009年通过全国牧草品种审定委员会审定的引进品种,在我国南方地区种植面积较广,WL903和WL712在洞庭湖区表现出较好的耐热性,WL656刈割后的再生植株长势和鲜草产量较为突出^[14] ...

2010

0.0

侯敏. 30个苜蓿材料生长特性与品质的比较及综合评价. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学硕士学位论文, 2010.

Hou

. Comparison and evaluation of growth characteristics and quality of 30 alfalfa materials. Master Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2010. (in Chinese)

本研究通过对30个苜蓿材料,包括紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、杂花苜蓿(Medicago varia Martyn)、黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata L.)材料生长、品质等相关指标的测定研究,以产量、品质为研究重点,并用两种方法进行了综合评价,旨在为生产实践提供稳定高产优质的应用材料,并为苜蓿育种工作者提供苜蓿材料生长表现第一手试验数据资料。其结果如下：第一茬草,苜蓿材料YLU.17、中原3号株高较其他供试材料优势明显；材料YL701生长速度最快,达到2.16cm／d；材料YLL.10,单株生长达到1232.2 g／株,与其它材料相比,生长优势明显；材料YLL.10单株分枝数较其他材料优势明显；材料YL701株型结构较好。再生草,苜蓿材料西8.22、组合6、耐寒苜蓿、公农3号、YL701、YL.3.8为再生株高较高材料；苜蓿材料耐寒苜蓿、公农3号、YL.3.8为再生速度较快材料；材料YLL.10的单株再生分枝数与其它材料具有显著差异；供试材料西8.22、中原3号、组合6、公农3号、YL.3.8.17为单株再生鲜重较高材料。四茬草的相关性研究,分枝数、再生分枝数与再生株高、生长速度、再生速度在0.01水平均呈显著负相关；单株总重与株高、再生株高、生长速度、再生速度、分枝数、再生分枝数、株型结构在0.01水平上均呈显著正相关,其中株型结构与单株总重的相关度最高；分枝数的相关度第二高；株高的相关度第三高；再生速度的相关度最低。四茬草株高：第一茬株高最高；四茬生长速度：第二茬生长速度最快；四茬分枝数：第一茬单株分枝数最小,第三茬单株分枝数达到最大；四茬单株重：第一茬单株重最高,四茬单株鲜重呈逐茬递减趋势。 30个供试材料粗蛋白含量全部达到一级标准以上,达到特级标准材料数的占所有参试材料的90%；所有参试材料粗纤维全部达到三级标准以上,二级标准以上占总材料数的70%；所有参试材料粗灰分含量均达到一级标准以上。材料根茎型苜蓿、YLL.10磷含量较高,较其它材料具有明显优势。材料MonarcaSPI12的钙含量较其它材料具有明显优势。 30个苜蓿材料进行综合研究,用分级评分法的结果是：材料YL701、YLU.17、中原3号、YL.3.8,在生长性状上具有明显优势,为生长快、再生性好、生长高的材料；材料YLL.10在分枝数、再生分枝数、单株鲜重较其它材料优势明显,仅从生长考虑,可选为优良苜蓿材料。材料根茎型苜蓿、组合6、Monarca SPI12、YLL.10、准格尔苜蓿,营养成分较其它材料优势明显,为营养价值较高的材料。用初值加权法的结果是：供试材料YL701、YLU.17、YL.3.8、YL.3.8.17、天水苜蓿生长性状较好。尤其是材料YL701,可选为生长高,生长快的苜蓿材料；材料根茎型苜蓿、Monarca SPI12、YLL.10、组合6、准格尔苜蓿品质较高。尤其是材料根茎型苜蓿,品质优势明显,可选为营养价值高的材料。材料YL701、YLU.17、YL.3.8、西8.22、中原3号生长品质均较高；尤其是材料YL701,生长品质优势明显,可选为生长品质总体较优材料。

... 1 混播对紫花苜蓿生长指标的影响产量是衡量牧草生产性能和经济性能的重要指标^[15] ...

2003

0.0

王永宏, 沈强云, 刘萍, 宋同明. 高油玉米与普通玉米混种应用效益的评价. 玉米科学, 2003(4): 50-52.

Wang Y

, Shen Q

, Liu

, Song T

. Evaluation of application benefits of mixed oil with high oil corn and normal corn. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2003(4): 50-52. (in Chinese)

利用高油玉米与普通玉米混种,可使玉米子粒含油率提高50%左右,改变子粒品质结构;高油115与掖单19混种产量与普通玉米清种持平,混种将提高高油玉米产量,混种栽培使玉米生产的稳产性增强;高油玉米生物产量较普通玉米高20%以上,雌穗收获期高油玉米全株茎秆鲜重较普通玉米增产30%以上.因此,混种提升了玉米生产综合利用价值.

... 研究表明,高油玉米(Zea mays)与普通玉米混合种植,在雌穗期及青贮蜡熟前期进行收获,生物产量均较普通玉米提高30%以上^[16] ...

2011

0.0

李洪影, 高飞, 刘昭明, 崔国文. 青贮玉米不同混播方式对饲料作物产量和品质的影响. 草地学报, 2011, 19(5): 825-829.

Li H

, Gao

, Liu Z

, Cui G

. Effects of different mixture sowing on yield and quality of forage chop. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(5): 825-829. (in Chinese)

Forage yield and quality were investigated between different stages of corn silage as well as corn silage and mixture sowing legume.Zhongyuandan 32,Haiyu 9 and Highworth dolichos were used as forage crops in this experiment.The mixture sowing proportion was 1:1,1:2 and 2:1.Results showed that the mixture sowing of late-maturing and early-maturing varieties(2:1) could improve fresh yield and soluble sugar content of forage at accumulated temperature area of northwest Heilongjiang Province.The mixture sowing of silage corn( Zea mays L.) and leguminous forage( Dolichos lab L.cv.Highworth)(1:2) could improve the fresh yield and quality of forage crop at higher accumulated temperature regions of both west and mid-south Heilongjiang Province.

对不同生育期青贮玉米( Zea mays L.)品种之间以及青贮玉米和豆科牧草混播对产草量及品质的影响进行研究,试验以中原单32、海育9号和高值扁豆( Dolichos lab L.cv.Highworth)为材料,设3个不同混播比例,即中原单32和海育9号、中原单32和高值扁豆均以1:1,1:2和2:1比例进行混种混收试验。结果表明:在黑龙江省北部积温较低地区,中晚熟玉米和早熟玉米以2:1比例混播,鲜草产量和可溶性总糖(WSC)含量最高;以1:2比例混播,营养品质最好。在黑龙江省西部和中南部积温较高地区,青贮玉米和豆科牧草以1:2比例混播时,鲜草产量最高,营养品质最好。

... 在黑龙江省北部积温较低地区进行玉米的混播试验,结果发现中晚熟玉米和早熟玉米以2:1混播,鲜草产量最高^[17] ...

2013

0.0

权文利, 陈志国, 连利叶, 王蕾. 不同株高品种混播对青海春小麦产量的影响. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(8): 15-20.

Quan W

, Chen Z

, Lian L

, Wang

. Effect of mixed planting with height-differentiated varieties on spring wheat yield in Qinghai plateau. Acta Agricultural Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2013, 22(8): 15-20. (in Chinese)

In order to research the effect of mixed planting of spring wheat varieties on yield, agronomic traits and so on in Qinghai plateau, two spring wheat varieties with similar growth period but different plant height,Gaoyuan 448(Sd, Semi dwarf) and Gaoyuan 437, were served as materials and cultivated with monoculture and mixed planting by 2∶1, 1∶1, and 1∶2 grain number ratio of Gaoyuan 448 and Gaoyuan 437; the differences of yield outputs and agronomic traits were analyzed. The results showed that, under the condition of mixed seeding, the agronomic traits of Gaoyuan 448 and Gaoyuan 437 had better performance than those of two monocultured varieties respectively. According to the above three different mixed seeding proportions, the grain yield of mixture sowing was respectively 16.115%, 6.962% and 12.950% higher than monocultured Gaoyuan 448, and 11.034%, 2.281% and 8.007% higher than monocultured Gaoyuan 437 respectively;the area output of 2∶1 mixed seeding was higher 8.557% and 2.802% respectively than that of the other two mixed proportions. In conclusion, the mixed planting between varieties can increase yield indeed; however, different proportions of mixture sowing often make different effect on grain yield.

采用2种具有相似生育期但株高不同的春小麦品种-高原448和高原437进行混播和单播试验，高原448和高原437的混播比例（粒数比）分别设为2∶1、1∶1和1∶2，分析2品种混播时的产量和农艺性状等差别。结果表明，在混播条件下，高原448和高原437的农艺性状比2品种分别单播时表现好。高原448与高原437按2∶1、1∶1和1∶2比例混播时，其产量分别比高原448单播时高16.115%、6.962%和12.950%；比高原437单播时高11.034%、 2.281%和 8.007%。其中，当高原448和高原437以2∶1混播时，小区产量的平均值分别比混播比例为1∶1和1∶2时高出8.557%和2.802%。表明，与单播相比，品种间混播具有增产作用，但不同混播比例的增产效应不同。

... 对春小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种间混播进行研究,试验表明,与单播相比,品种间混播具有增产作用,但不同混播比例的增产效应不同^[18] ...

2015

0.0

袁福锦, 黄梅芬, 廖祥龙, 吴文荣, 余梅, 李友, 薛世明, 王馨, 李继中. 滇西北高寒地区牧草混播组合的筛选. 草业科学, 2015, 32(12): 2078-2082.

Yuan F

, Huang M

, Liao X

, Wu W

, Yu

, Li

, Xue S

, Wang

, Li J

. Screening of the pasture mixed sowing combination in Shangrila alpine region of Yunnan. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(12): 2078-2082. (in Chinese)

... 对牧草种间混播试验发现,混播较单播增产^[19] ...

2009

0.0

姜慧新, 沈益新, 翟桂玉, 刘展生. 施磷对紫花苜蓿分枝生长及产草量的影响. 草地学报, 2009, 17(5): 588-592.

Jiang H

, Shen Y

, Zhai G

, Liu Z

. Effects of phosphorus application on the growth and yield of Medicago sativa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(5): 588-592. (in Chinese)

A large number of studies have showed that the phosphate fertilizer application can improve forage yield of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L.) by increasing the number of shoot,however the effect of phosphate fertilizer application on shoot growth from different plant location is seldom reported.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the forage yield,plant height,and the number,dry weight,and leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa shoot from crown and stubble under different phosphorus fertilization treatments.Results indicate that application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the shoot number per plant,dry weight per shoot,and dry matter yield.Phosphate fertilizer significantly affected the number and weight of shoot grown from the crown location.Shoot number per plant at crown location in the 2nd cut increased from 1.17 to 2.80 and the weight of shoot improved from 0.35 g to 0.84 g along with the increased application amount of phosphate fertilizer.However,no significant difference was found in the number and weight of shoot grown from the stubble location with the application of phosphate fertilizer.The total dry matter yield from phosphorus treatments were 57.4% higher than the control.Correlation analysis results show that forage yield was positively correlated to shoot number per plant,dry weight per shoot,and plant height,but negatively to leaf to stem ratio.According to the path analysis results,shoot number per plant was the principle decision variable to forage yield.In summary,phosphate fertilizer improved dry matter yield of M.sativa by increasing the number of shoot grown from the crown.

在底施磷肥条件下,通过对紫花苜蓿( Medicago sativa L.)产草量及株高、不同着生部位分枝数、每茎干重和叶茎比的观测,研究不同施磷水平对其分枝生长和产草量的影响,以期为紫花苜蓿高产栽培及其机理研究提供基础数据。结果表明,施磷肥显著增加了紫花苜蓿的分枝数和每茎干重( P P P <0.05)。通径分析发现,分枝数是产量的第一决定因子。综合试验结果,施磷肥主要通过增加紫花苜蓿根颈(冠)部的分枝数来提高干物质产量。

... 有研究表明,粗壮的根颈有利于萌芽发枝,生长更多的枝条^[20] ...

2016

0.0

申晓慧, 姜成, 李如来, 李建东, 张华, 郑海燕, 郭伟, 孙力, 冯鹏. 3种紫花苜蓿与草地羊茅单、混播越冬期根系生理变化及抗寒性. 草业科学, 2016, 33(2): 268-275.

Shen X

, Jiang

, Li R

, Li J

, Zhang

, Zheng H

, Guo

, Sun

, Feng

. The study on the cold resistance and physiology change of root in meadow fescue-alfalfa mixture and monoculture in winter. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(2): 268-275. (in Chinese)

... 植株的再生性、抗旱性、抗寒性^[21]以及抗病虫害等与根颈密切相关,根颈是苜蓿产生分枝的重要部位,也是联系地上部和根系的关键部位^[22],同时也是吸收、运输、储存养分和水分的重要器官,直接影响苜蓿生产性能和可持续利用^[23] ...

2016

0.0

杨敏, 师尚礼. 紫花苜蓿根颈生长多样性研究. 草原与草坪, 2016, 36(5): 21-28.

Yang

, Shi S

. Study on grown diversity of alfalfa root. Grassland and Turf, 2016, 36(5): 21-28. (in Chinese)

2015

0.0

鱼小军, 景媛媛, 徐长林, 师尚礼, 张建文, 陈陆军, 杨海磊, 肖红. 高寒区垄沟覆膜方式对苜蓿生长、根颈及根系特征的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 43-52.

Yu X

, Jing Y

, Xu C

, Shi S

, Zhang J

, Chen L

, Yang H

, Xiao

. Effects of film mulching on growth and crown and root characteristics of alfalfa in an alpine meadow. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6): 43-52. (in Chinese)

The lack of cold-resistant alfalfa varieties and appropriate cultivation techniques has greatly restricted the development of dry land alfalfa production and animal husbandry in alpine areas. This study compared four establishment treatments; plastic film mulching on ridges and furrows (A); film mulching parallel to the ground (B); film mulching on ridges and furrows+soil cover (C) and standard ridge and furrow planting (D). The study was conducted in an alpine region at Tianzhu. The growth characteristics of alfalfa were assessed in year 1 and crown and root characteristics in year 2. Treatment ‘A’ significantly ( P <0.05) increased alfalfa growth in the 1st year (249.37 kg/hm 2 ) compared to all other treatments. Total root volume (9.288 cm 3 /plant) root surface area (466.287 cm 2 /plant), root biomass (7.76 g/plant), root length (85.55 cm), root diameter (8.36 mm) and lateral root number (26.27) of treatment A were significantly higher than that of all other treatments ( P <0.05). Crown bud numbers, crown diameter, root volume, root surface area and root biomass of treatments B and C were not significantly different but were significantly higher than treatment D ( P <0.05). There were no differences in tap root depth, diameter and root biomass between treatments B, C and D. The present study showed that film mulching on ridges and furrows greatly improved alfalfa crown diameter, crown bud numbers, tap root depth, root volume, root surface area, root biomass and forage yield indicating considerable potential for the use of this technique in alpine areas.

高寒区缺乏耐寒苜蓿品种和适宜的栽培技术,严重阻碍了该区域旱作苜蓿和草地畜牧业的发展。为高寒区苜蓿的高产栽培提供理论依据,在天祝高寒牧区研究了垄沟覆膜、垄沟覆膜+覆土、平膜全覆和垄沟4种种植方法下苜蓿生长特性及第2年苜蓿返青时的根颈和根系形态特征。结果表明,垄沟覆膜处理显著提高了高寒区苜蓿的生长,促进了苜蓿根颈、根颈芽和根系的生长。在种植当年,垄沟覆膜下苜蓿的自然株高可达41.2 cm,2级分枝数达25.1个,鲜草和干草产量分别达975.44和249.37 kg/hm 2 ,均显著高于垄沟覆膜+覆土、平膜全覆和垄沟处理( P <0.05)。与垄沟种植方式相比,垄沟覆膜种植方式下的苜蓿鲜草产量提高了74%,干草产量提高了73.2%。垄沟覆膜处理下苜蓿单株根颈返青芽数(17.0个/株)和根颈直径(9.87 mm)分别是垄沟处理(6.5个/株,2.00 mm)的2.63和4.94倍。垄沟覆膜和平膜全覆的苜蓿根颈入土深度分别为3.37和3.35 cm,显著低于垄沟覆膜+覆土处理(4.71 cm)与垄沟处理(4.73 cm)。垄沟覆膜处理下的苜蓿单株根体积(9.288 cm 3 /株)、根表面积(466.287 cm 2 /株)、根系生物量(7.76 g/株)、主根长度(85.55 cm)、主根直径(8.36 mm)和侧根数(26.27个)均显著高于平膜全覆处理、垄沟覆膜+覆土处理和垄沟处理( P <0.05)。平膜全覆处理和垄沟覆膜+覆土处理间的根颈芽数、根颈直径、根表面积、根体积和根系生物量差异不显著( P >0.05),但显著高于垄沟处理( P <0.05)。平膜全覆处理、垄沟覆膜+覆土和垄沟处理间的主根长度、主根直径和根系生物量差异不显著( P >0.05)。试验表明,垄沟覆膜处理极大地提高了苜蓿的根颈粗、根颈芽、主根深、根体积、根系表面积和根系生物量,提高了苜蓿产草量,建议在类似甘肃天祝高寒区的地区使用垄沟覆膜技术建植苜蓿人工草地。

2009

0.0

高飞, 高洪雷, 王丽霁, 李红影, 焉石, 崔国文. 不同成熟期青贮玉米混播对产量和品质的影响. 草地学报, 2009, 17(4): 490-494.

Gao

, Gao H

, Wang L

, Li H

, Yan

, Cui G

. Effects of mixed planting silage corn with different maturation period on yield and feed value. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(4): 490-494. (in Chinese)

The north region of Heilongjiang Province is characterized with high latitude,cold weather and short frost-free period.The majority of late-maturing silage corn( Zea mays L.) varieties planted in that region has to be reaped in the inappropriate harvest period resulting in immature seed and low nutrient content and seriously affecting the quality of silage.Although the seed production of most early-maturing silage corn varieties has better maturity,low biomass can not meet the production demand.By mixing silage corns of different maturation periods,late-maturing varieties can ensure higher fresh yield and early-maturing varieties can improve seed production,thus improving the quality of silage to achieve the purpose of high-quality output.The study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixed planting on the agronomic traits,yield,and feeding value of different types of silage corn varieties including 1 late-maturing corn Z.mays cv.Zhongyuandan No.32 and 4 early-maturing corns Z.mays cv.Longdan No.13, Z.mays cv.Longdan No.8, Z.mays cv.Haiyu No.9,and Z.mays cv.Haiyu No.8 through separate and mixed planting experiments.The results show that the mixed planting didn’t significantly affect agronomic traits but significantly increased the dry matter yield and feeding value.The mixed planting of Zhongyuandan No.32 and Haiyu No.9 had the highest evaluation index according to the milk2000 evaluation index analysis.

黑龙江省北部地区纬度较高,气候寒冷,无霜期短,在该地区种植的大多数晚熟青贮玉米( Zea mays L.)品种尚未达到适宜收获期就被迫收获,造成籽实成熟度差,营养物质含量低,严重影响了青贮饲料的品质,而大多数早熟的玉米品种虽籽实成熟度较好,但生物产量低,不能满足生产需求.将不同生育期的青贮玉米品种以混播方式进行种植,晚熟品种可保证较高的生物产量,早熟品种可提高籽实产量,从而改善青贮品质,达到稳产优质的目的.以晚熟玉米品种中原单32和4个早熟玉米品种龙单13、龙单8、海育9号及海育8号为材料在黑龙江省北部地区进行单播及混播试验,探讨混播对不同品种玉米农艺性状、产量和饲用品质的影响.结果表明:混播对于各品种玉米农艺性状影响不显著;混播显著提高干物质产量和饲用品质( P <0.05);应用Milk 2000粗饲料评价指数分析,中原单32与海育9号的混播组合评价指数最高.

... 将不同生育期的青贮玉米品种以混播方式进行种植,结果表明,混播对于各品种玉米农艺性状影响不显著,混播显著提高干物质产量和饲用品质^[24] ...

2012

0.0

郑伟, 朱进忠, 加娜尔古丽. 不同混播方式豆禾混播草地生产性能的综合评价. 草业学报, 2012, 21(6): 242-251.

Zheng

, Zhu J

, Jianarguli. A comprehensive evaluation of the productive performance of legume-grass mixtures under different mixed sowing patterns. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(6): 242-251. (in Chinese)

... 对不同混播方式对豆禾混播草地生产性能的影响进行研究发现,各混播处理粗蛋白质含量均显著高于单播^[25] ...

2015

0.0

马军, 郑伟, 张博, 加孜依拉·哈勒克. 基于马营养需求的燕麦-箭筈豌豆混播草地生产性能的评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(6): 1002-1009.

, Zheng

, Zhang

, Jiaziyila·Haleke. Production performance evaluation of oat-common vetch mixed pasture based on nutrient needs of horses. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(6): 1002-1009. (in Chinese)

In order to improve the forage suppliment and quality in horse farm, the forage yield, nutrient quality and digestible energy (DE) for horses of the mixed pasture with oats and common vetch in different ratios in Zhaosu horse farm were measured to evaluate the production performance in 2013. The results showed that forage yield, leaf顎憇tem ratios, crude protein content (CP), calcium(Ca) content and DE increased with the increase of common vetch ratios. However, the contents of either extract (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber decreased and phosphorus (P) content did not change. The EE content, forage yield of the mixed pasture were significantly higher (P锛0.05) than those of the common vetch monocultures. The contents of CP and Ca of the mixed pasture were significantly higher than those of the oats monocultures. The land equivalent ratios of the mixtures were higher than 1. The nutrient yield and DE output have similar variations. The production performance evaluation based on nutrient needs of horses was different with that based on forage yield. The production performance evaluation system based on digestible energy and the gaps between the forage yield and daily nutrient needs of horses was suitable for evaluating their relationship and providing scientific and efficient feeding of horses.

... 对不同混播比例下的燕麦(Avena sativa)与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)的草地生产性能的评价发现,各混播比例粗蛋白含量显著高于单播燕麦,而显著低于单播箭筈豌豆^[26] ...

2003

0.0

汪建来, 孔令聪, 曹承富, 甘斌杰, 王瑞, 赵斌, 赵竹. 小麦品种混播的产量与品质效应初报. 安徽农业科学, 2003(6): 947-948.

Wang J

, Kong L

, Cao C

, Gan B

, Wang

, Zhao

. Yield and quality effects of mixed wheat varieties. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2003(6): 947-948. (in Chinese)

利用4个小麦品种组成11个混播群体,对混播的产量与品质效应进行了初步研究.结果表明:混播有一定的增产作用,11个混播群体平均较对照增产2.03%,有2个混播群体较对照增产5 %以上.混播产量效应大小与参与混播的品种数目及品种的冬春性有关.利用品种混播可改善小麦品质,使品质指标更趋均衡与合理. 强筋与中筋或中弱筋品种混播可改善中筋或中弱筋品种的品质.

... 汪建来等^[27]将4个小麦品种混播以后发现,混播群体的品质指标虽没超过参与混播的优质品种,但却比参与品种混播中品质较次品种的品质要好,品质性状得到互补和改进 ...